Ukuba unokwenza i-toptop, ungathini na? Wonke umntu uyazi indlela yokuthetha ngolwimi lwezandla. Ukuba isisityebi kuya kubakho ngokwaneleyo ukuba uluntu jikelele aluyi kufuna imfundo. UMdiliya weMidiya kaMarta wayeyakuba yindawo enjalo, kwaye nangona ube siqithi esincinci, wadlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimbali engenazithulu.
I-Utopia yezithulu yayikho ngexesha elilodwa ngaphandle kwe-Massachusetts Coast
Ngesinye isikhathi, kwakukho indawo enokuthi ithathwa njengento engathethiyo.
Kwenzeke kwisiqithi esinqununu saseMassachusetts, isiqithi esibizwa ngokuba ngumdiliya kaMarta. Ngelixa abantu abaninzi badibanisa uMdiliya waseMarta ngokuba ngumzi weentlanzi ezimhlophe kwi-movie Jaws, isi siqithi saziwa kangcono ngaphambi kwelo xesha njengesiqithi esinabantu abaninzi abayizithulu. Kwakwenzeka njani oko?
Abanye abemi beVineyard bokuqala babephethe i- gene for deafness (yokuqala eyayiziwayo isisithulu yayinguJonathan Lambert, 1694), kunye neminyaka engaphezu komtshato, isizukulwana emva kwesizukulwana sabantwana sasihlala nokulahlekelwa kwindlebe . Ngesinye isikhathi, omnye kwabantwana abane wazalelwa isisithulu!
Kwakukho abantu abaninzi abangevayo kwiViniyard (abaninzi abazizithulu babehlala eChilmark) ukuba abahlali bathuthule ulwimi lwezandla olubizwa ngokuba nguMlimi weZandla lwezandla zeVineyard (i-MVSL) okanye uLwimi lweZandla lwe-Chilmark (olubonakala luvela kwiCentre Kent ngasentshona yeNgilani. bacinga ukuba i-MVSL idlala indima ekuphuhliseni kwexesha loLwimi lweZandla lwaseMerika xa abahlali baseMviniwe beya kwiSikolo saseMelika saseTyfford, e-Connecticut.
Izinto ezenza uMdiliya kaMarta uyingqayizivele
Siyazi ukuba kukho ezinye iindawo kwimbali apho ipesenti enkulu yabemi ilahlekelwa yintetho, ngoko yintoni eyenza uMdiliya kaMarta uyingqayizivele? Makhe sijonge ezinye zeenkcukacha zangaphambili ezikhokelela kule "sithulu."
Abemi abaziThulu
Ngokuqinisekileyo, ukuba nenani elikhulu labantu abanokulahlekelwa kwindlebe kwabangela ukuba abantu baseMartin weVineyard baphuculwe amathuba okunxibelelana nabo abayizithulu.
Ezinye iinkolelo ezithathwe kwi-Vineyard yenkulungwane ye-19 leminyaka zibonisa ubungakanani bokuzithulu. Ngomnyaka we-1817, iintsapho ezimbini zinezizithulu, zinezithulu ezisixhenxe. Kwiminyaka embalwa kamva, ngowe-1827 kwakukho izithulu ezili-11. Ubalo lwabantu base-Chilmark ngo-1850 bachonga imizi engama-14 engama-141, kwi-Hammett, eLambert, eLuce, eMeheww, eTilton naseNtshonalanga. Ngowe-1855, kwakune-17 kunye neyesine kwiTisbury kufuphi. Ubalo lwabantu abangama-1880 be-Chilmark babenemizi engama-19 engama-159. Iintsapho zintshulu ezizithulu kubalo lwaba-1880 ziquka iiNobles kunye namaSmiths. Ukubeka oku ngolu hlobo, xa kuthelekiswa nomhlaba wase-US apho ubukhulu bezithulu babengu-1 malunga nama-6,000, kwisidiliya sasiphakamileyo njengowoku-1 ngo-155 (1 kweyesi-25 e-Chilmark, kunye no-1 kwi-4 kwisixeko saseChilmark sase-Squibnocket ).
Ukwamkelwa kweNtetho yezandla
Ulwimi lwezandla lwamkelekile kwiMidiliya kangangokuthi ipapasho yamangaliswa ngo-1895 kwindlela ezithethayo kunye nezasayinzisi ezazisetyenziswa ngokukhululekile nakulula ngabahlali abangevayo nabavayo. Abantu abafudukela e-Chilmark kwafuneka bafunde ulwimi lwezandla ukuze bahlale kuluntu. Iintsipho zaziqhelekile kangangokuba abanye abahlali abavayo beyicinga ukuba isifo esasifanelekileyo.
Ingqalelo, kukuba ukungaboniyo kwakungazange kuthathwe njengengxaki.
Elide
Kwisidiliya, abantwana abayizithulu baya esikolweni ixesha elide kunabantwana abavayo, njengoko urhulumente unike inkxaso ngemali yokufunda abantwana abazithulu. Oku kwikhokelela ekufundeni okuphezulu kwabafundi abayizithulu kunokufunda abafundi.
Ukuncipha kweNqanaba labantu abaThulu
Iingxoxo zomtshato zaqhubeka kwaye abantu abayizithulu baseKlmark kunye nabo bonke abavini bavini baqhubeka besasaza. Kuya kuqhubeka ukukhula ukuba kungekhona ukukhula kwemfundo yezithulu kwilizwe. Njengabantwana abazizithulu baseVineyard beza kwizikolo eziqhekeza isiqithi, bazama ukuhlala kwisiqithi, abafazi abatshatileyo, kunye nesisithulu sabantu abangevayo.
Umntu osisigxina osisithulu samaVineyard asweleka ngawo-1950.
Iincwadi kunye nezinye izibonelelo
Iimbali kunye nelifa lemveli , kwaye ingakumbi imbali yentsimi kuMarta weVineyard, iye yamangalisa abaphengululi. Le nzala ibangele ukupapashwa kwencwadi: Wonke umntu Lwalapha uLwimi lwezandla lweSpoke : Iintlanzi zobutyebi eMdiliyeni kaMavini . Le ncwadi ibonisa iViniyard isithulu kwindawo ethile yaseBritani yaseKent County ebizwa ngokuba ngu-Weald. Ukongezelela, ezi zixhobo zikhoyo:
- I-paper-papying iphepha eli-15 elenziwe nguRobert Mather noLinda McIntosh kwiYunivesithi yaseTufts, "Isisithulu sikaMarta." Iibrariography icacisa amanqaku amabini angama-1981 kwi-Duke's County Intelligencer, ngokulandelana ngokubizwa ngokuthi "Isiqwenga saseHlitshi: Isifundo ekuQondeni koBuntu," kunye ne "Chilmark Deaf: Abantu abaxabisekileyo." Kwakhona kufakwe kwi-bibliographie kwinqaku le-1895 iBoston Sunday Herald, "UMarko waseChilmark, oyisithulu, kunye noDumb kwi Village of Squibnocket."
- Iphepha eli-6 lonyaka wephepha le-2001, "I-Culture Silent With Voice Strong," evela kumagazini waseBoston University alumni, eBostonia. Eli nqaku lisichaza ngokufutshane imizamo ye-alumnus (uJoan Poole Nash, ngoku ootitshala bezithulu zemfundo). Ukurekhoda kwimiboniso ye-videotape ye-MVSL eboniswa ngu-ugogo wakhe nomkhulu wakhe.
- Ngo-Matshi 1999, iphephancwadi likaYankee lanyathelisa eli nqaku, "Isiqithi esasisindiswa ngesandla."
Ngaphantsi kwendima kaMdiliya wamaVietta kaMarta kwiMbali yeThulu
Ukuhlanganiswa kwabantu abaninzi abangevayo kunye nabemi abakhuthazayo bekhokelela kwiimeko ezinokuthi zithathwa ngokuba "zizithulu" kwiMidiliya yeMidiya. Ingqalelo, kukuba intuthuko eyenzekayo yenzeka ngaphandle kwekhnoloji yokuthetha kunye nenani elincinci labantu (xa kuthelekiswa nabemi base-United States yonke).
Njengoko kubonakala ngenyameko eninzi kwizithethe ezingenazithulu, impembelelo yabantu abangabodwa kunye namaqela amancinci abantu abanokuba nawo xa benza ukwahlukana okuhlala njalo kunokuba lukhulu.
Mhlawumbi, simele sibone umzekelo kaMarta weVineyard kunye nemiba eninzi kunye nenkxalabo yethu kwinkcubeko namhlanje. Njengoko kuphawuliwe ngasentla, ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe akuzange kuthathelwe ingxaki kuMdiliya kaMdiliya kaMarta. Kwakungazange kuthathwe njengento "engaqhelekanga," kodwa kunokuba uguquko oluqhelekileyo lokuba ngumntu. Ukuba wonke umntu "uthetha ulwimi olufanayo" unciphise into eyayibe yinto "yimiqobo yolwimi" kwaye yayizuzisa kubo bobabini bevayo kunye nabangenazithulu.
Kulabo abangenazithulu okanye abanzima ukuva kwaye bengayazi i-ASL, thabatha isikhashana ukufunda malunga nendlela yokunxibelelana nabantu abayizithulu nabanzima bokuphulaphula ukunceda ukunciphisa "umqobo weelwimi" namhlanje. Unokufuna ukucinga ngokuxhasa omnye wezithulu kunye nobunzima bemibutho yokuva .
> Imithombo:
> Groce, N. Wonke umntu apha uLwimi lwezandla lweSpoke: Iintlanzi eziziintlanzi kuMdiliya kaMarta. Uhlolo lweNcwadi. Iintlanzi kunye neMfundo yamazwe ngamazwe . 2007. 9: 167-168.
> Kusters, A. Iintetho ze-Utopias? Ukuphononongwa kweeNkcubeko zeNkcubeko nakwihlabathi "uMarta weVineyard Solutions". Umbhalo weeNzululwazi zokuThwaphula kunye neZiphuphu . 2010. 15 (1): 3-16.