Kukho amazinga amaninzi ahlukeneyo kunye nezizathu zokulahlekelwa kwindlebe. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe kukwahlula ngeentlobo ezintathu ezisisiseko ngokuxhomekeke kwingingqi yendlebe okanye inkqubo yokucwaninga eyonakalisiweyo.
UkuLawula UkuLawula
Ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe ekulawuleni kuyabangelwa yinkinga yokucwangcisa kwindlela ephuma kwingxolo kwindalo ukuya endlebeni yangaphakathi. Ingaba ingxaki ngenye yamathambo amancinane amathathu abizwa ngokuba yi-ossicles (i-stapes, i-malleus, kunye ne-incus), okanye ezinye iindlebe zendlebe ezingakwazi ukuqhuba isandi kwi- cochlea .
Ngamanye amaxesha isigubhu seendlebe asikwazi ukugubha isandi ngokufanelekileyo. Ukulahlekelwa kweendleko zokuvalelwa kweso siba ngumphumo wokungcola kwindlebe, ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa komzimba , umzimba wasemzini unamathele kwindlebe, okanye kwindlebe engaphezulu. Ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe ekuqhubeni ukuvalelwa rhoqo kuhlaziywa.
Ukuphulaphulwa kokuLawula
Ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe yokuvalelwa kwenzeka xa iindlebe zangaphakathi , i-cochlea okanye i-nerve auditory ngokwayo ingasebenzi kakuhle. Inokubangela nokuba kukho iinwele ezincinci ezinjenge-cilia, eziqhelekileyo zisebenza ukuhambisa isandi ngeendlebe, zonakaliswe. Olu hlobo oluthile lokulahlekelwa kwindlebe lubangelwa ngumonakalo ovela kumachiza, ukulimala kokuzalwa , okanye imfuza. Ngokuqhelekanga lolu hlobo lokulahlekelwa kwindlebe lunokubangelwa ziimvumi, ukugqithiseka okukhulu kwomsindo omkhulu, ukulimala kwentloko, okanye ezinye iintlobo zentlungu. Ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe yokuvalelwa ayikwazi ukulungiswa.
Ukulahleka kokuLawula
Ukulahlekelwa kweendlebe ezixutywayo kunye nexesha elisetyenziswe ekuchazeni ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe kubangelwa ukudibanisa kokubili ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe.
Izibonakaliso kunye neempawu zokuLawula ukulahleka
- Ingxoxo iya kuba nzima ukuyiqonda, ingakumbi ukuba kukho ingxolo yangaphandle.
- Ukunzima ukuqonda okubonakalayo kumabonwakude.
- Ihluleka ukuphendula igama.
- Ufuna ukuba iingxoxo ziphindwe rhoqo.
- I-Tinnitus, isandi esivakala rhoqo kwisinye okanye kwiindlebe zombini.
- Ngelixa izandi ezininzi zinokuthululwa, ezinye zibonakala zivakala kakhulu kwaye ziyakucasula.
Imibuzo Igqirha Wakho Unokubuza
- Ngaba unembali yentsapho yezithulu okanye ukulahlekelwa kwintetho?
- Ingaba unzima ukuqonda iingxoxo?
- Ingaba amalungu omndeni akhalazela ukuba ugcina ivolumu kumabonwakude kakhulu?
- Ngaba uhlala ukhawuleza okanye uphawula ezindlebeni?
- Ngaba ubulokhu uhlala ukhangelele umsindo ophezulu emsebenzini okanye ngokuzonwabisa?
- Ingaba unayo imbali yezifo zentloko ?
Ukuchonga ukuLawula ukuLawula
Ukulahlekelwa kweentlawulo zokuvavanya kungasoloko kufunyaniswe kwaye kwaze kwaphathwa ngogqirha we- ENT . Ngamanye amaxesha i-audiologist, ingcali yokuphonononga kunye nokunyanga ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe, iyadingeka, ingakumbi kwimeko yokulahlekelwa kwindlebe.
Ugqirha wakho uya kuqhuba uvavanyo olusesikweni oluqala ngeemvavanyo ezimbini usebenzisa umjikelo wokuguqula ukuqonda umthombo wephutha (ukuqhuba ngokubhekiselele kwintsebenzo). Ugqirha uya kujonga kwakhona indlebe yangaphandle kwaye indlebe yangaphakathi kunye nendlebe yeendlebe (ebizwa ngokuba yi- tympanic membrane ), usebenzisa i- otoscope . Uya kukhangela iindlebe ezigqithiseleyo , iintlanga zangaphandle ezingagcinwa ngaphakathi kwindlebe, ukusuleleka, kunye nayiphi na umonakalo kwindubhu yeendlebe.
I- audiologist ingaqhuba uvavanyo lweetoni zokuva.
Kulo vavanyo, isigulane sidla ngokufakwa kwisigumbi sokuphumla ukuqinisekisa ukuba ingxolo yangaphandle ayiphazamisi uvavanyo. Iibini ze-headphones ziza kuhambisa iintlobo zeetoni ezahlukeneyo kwiimpawu ezahlukahlukeneyo kunye nemiqulu. Oku kukunceda ukuba yeyiphi intlobo yeetoni kunye neziganeko isigulane esinokuva. Enye inxalenye yale mvavanyo iquka isixhobo esibizwa ngokuba ngumqhubi wethambo. Umqhubi wethambo ngumfowunwa ukuba xa ubeka emva kwendlebe usithumela isandi ngokugubha amathambo endlebe. Umqhubi weethambo unenzuzo ekuncedeni i- audiologist ukuba yintoni uhlobo lokulahlekelwa kwintetho onayo.
Iimvavanyo zentetho nazo zingaqhutyelwa kwikamelo elithe cwaka. I-audiologist ivame ukushiya kwigumbi kwaye uluhlu lwamagama ludlalwa kwisixhobo sokurekhoda. Uya kucelwa ukuba uphinda amagama. Amagama ahlukeneyo aya kudlalwa ngamathoni ahlukeneyo kunye nemiqulu.
Ukuvavanya umsebenzi we-ear ear, i-impedance test is used. Uvavanyo lwetoni luya kuphinda luphindwe kwakhona ngelixa iprobebe efakwe kwindlebe iya kuphakamisa iphinde iyanciphisa umlinganiselo wengcinezelo ngaphakathi kwendlebe.
Ngamanye amaxesha iziphumo zale mvavanyo zitshatiwe kwi-audiogram . I-audiogram yitshati ebonisa izinga lokulahlekelwa kweendlebe kwindlebe nganye.
UkuPhatha ukuLawula ukuLawula
Ukunyangwa kwelahleko yokuphulaphulwa kweentlanganiso kubandakanya ukufumana ingcambu yengxaki. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba kukho umzimba ongaphandle okanye u- wax ogqithiseleyo endlebeni, kufuneka ukuba isuswe ngumqeqeshi. I-Fluid endlebeni ingaphathwa ngamachiza okanye ngamanye amaxesha. Ukuba kukho nawaphi na amathambo endlebe aphulwe, banokulungiswa ngokugqithiseleyo.
Akukho nonyango yokulahlekelwa kwindlebe xa kuninzi izifundo ezithembisayo zenziwa. Izixhobo zokuvalelwa ziyanceda ekwenzeni ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe. Izixhobo zokuvavanya zisebenzisa i-microphone, amplifier kunye nesithethi ukuphucula izandi kwaye zinceda kakhulu abantu abaye bancipha ukuva, kungekhona abo abayizithulu. Kukho iindlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zokuncedisa izixhobo zokuvalelwa ezibandakanya izixhobo ezigqithisiweyo emva kwendlebe, endlebeni, nasendleleni yokutya . Izixhobo zokuvalelwa nazo ziza kwidijithali nakwi-analog. Nangona kunjalo, kuphela ipesenteji encinci yabantu abanokufumana inzuzo ekuvaleleni izixhobo ezizisebenzisayo. Abantu abaninzi banesaba ukuba izixhobo zokuvalelwa njani ziza kubangela ukuba bajonge kunye nehlazo elibandakanya ezi zixhobo.
Abantu abangazithulu okanye abanokulahlekelwa kwindlebe eninzi ngamanye amaxesha banokuphathwa nge-cochlear implant. Ukufakela i-cochlear isisitrato esincinci sekhompyutheni esihamba emva kwendlebe (inxalenye yangaphandle) kwaye ke inenye inxalenye eyenziwa ngokugqithiseleyo phantsi kwesikhumba (inxalenye yangaphakathi). Iimpembelelo zeCchlear azibuyiseli ukuva ngokuqhelekileyo kwaye ziphikisana phakathi kwabantu abayizithulu. Esi sixhobo sithintela iindawo ezonakaliswe indlebe kwaye sisebenze ngokuthe ngqo ekuvuseleleni i-nerve auditor. I-nervitive auditor ithumela uphawu oluchazwa yingqondo njengesandi. Kuthatha ixesha kunye nokuzifundela ukufunda indlela yokuva kunye ne-cochlear implant.
Ukuthintela ukuLawula ukulahleka
Imithombo ibonisa ukuba ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe phakathi kwabantu abaselula kuyanda. Oku kubangelwa kukusetyenziswa kwabadlali bomculo kunye nokuvakala kwomsindo omkhulu emsebenzini okanye ngokuzonwabisa. Iingcaphephe zincoma ukujika ivolumu kunye nokunciphisa ukunyuka. Ezinye iyeza, ezifana ne-antibiotic gentamycin, zidibene nokulahlekelwa kwindlebe. Ezinye izinto, ezifana nokulahlekelwa kwindlebe ezuzwe njengefa, akunakuthintelwa.
Ukukhawuleza kokuLawula ukulahleka
Ngo-2006, ii-CDC ziqikelele ukuba abantu abadala abayizigidi ezingama-37 banomlinganiselo othile wokulahlekelwa kwintetho. Abantwana abathathu kwi-1 000 abantwana abazalelwa e-United States banokulahlekelwa kwindlebe.
Nangona ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe kubonakala ngathi kuphakama, nokuba kungenxa yokuphila kwandisa okanye ezinye izinto zobugcisa zihamba ngokukhawuleza ukunceda abantu abanokulahlekelwa kwindlebe. Umgangatho wokufundisa abantwana ukusayina ulwimi sele uzuze abantu abangazithulu njengabantu baseMerika bafunda olu lwimi. Imibutho efana ne-American-Speech-Hearing-Language Association kunye neZiko leSizwe lokuSwaphuka kunye nezinye iziNgxaki zokuXhumana zibonelela ngolwazi oluxabisekileyo kunye nenkxaso kuluntu.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Speech-Learning-Hearing Association. Ukuvavanya Uvavanyo. http://www.asha.org/public/hearing/testing/assess.htm
> I-American Speech-Learning-Hearing Association. Uhlobo, iMirgree, kunye noCwangciso lokuLawula ukuLawula. http://www.asha.org/public/hearing/disorders/types.htm
> Amacandelo okuLawula nokuLawula izifo. Ukuva Ukulahlekelwa Kwabantwana http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/hearingloss/facts.html
> UkuLawula iZiko Online.com. Ukuqonda Ukuvavanywa Kwakho. A. http://www.hearingcenteronline.com/test.shtml
> Medline Plus. Ukuvalela Ukulahleka. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003044.htm
> Isiko leSizwe soMntu ongenalumko kunye nezinye iingxaki zoNxibelelwano. Cochlear Implants. http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/hearing/coch.asp
> Isiko leSizwe soMntu ongenalumko kunye nezinye iingxaki zoNxibelelwano. U kuHlola iAids. http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/hearing/hearingaid.asp
> Isibhedlela saseMedStar Washington. Ukuvalela Ukulahleka. . http://www.medstarwashington.org/our-services/ear-nose-throat/conditions/ear-and-balance-disorders/hearing-loss/#q= {}