Kukho iintlobo ezimbalwa zezifo zendlebe, kodwa i-otitis media iyona eqhelekileyo. Iyenzeka xa i-fluid ne-pus yakha ngaphakathi kwindlebe, idale intlungu yeendlebe. Oku kudla ngokuba ngenxa yokubanda okanye ukunyamezela okubangela ukukhusela amanzi, ukuvelisa ii-bacteria okanye ii-virus, kwaye kubangele ukuvuvukala. Izifo zentloko zixhaphake kakhulu kubantwana abancinci kodwa zingenzeka kubantu abadala.
Ininzi inokuphathwa ngokulula kunye okanye ngaphandle kwama-antibiotiki, kodwa ukubekwa kwetayipi indlebe kunokucetyiswa ukuba kubekho imidiya ye-otitis engapheliyo.
I-Otitis media nge-effusion (i-OME) ibonakala xa kukho umkhuhlane ezindlebeni (ngokuqhelekileyo emva kokubanda) kodwa akukho ntsholongwane esebenzayo. Ukusuleleka kwindlebe yangaphandle kuthiwa i- otitis externa (indlebe yokuguqula).
Iimpawu
Kubantu abadala kunye nabantwana abadala, uphawu olubonakalayo lubonisa ukuba i-otitis media iyabuhlungu . Abantwana bavame ukuqhuba umkhuhlane kunye nezifo zendlebe, kodwa kungekho rhoqo. Ezi zibonakaliso zivame ukuvela emva kokuxinwa kubanda okanye kumanzi.
Iintsana kunye nabantwana abancinci banamava kodwa abanako ukuxelela abazali babo ngokungahambi kakuhle kwabo, ngoko kubalulekile ukujonga iingcinga ezingekho phantsi kwezwi ukuba zineentsholongwane zendlebe. Ezi ziquka:
- Ukudonsa indlebe
- Ukukhala ngaphezu kwexesha eliqhelekileyo
- Unzima ukulala
- Umsele ovela endlebeni
- Iingxaki ngokulinganisela okanye ukuva
- Ukunciphisa ukutya
- Umkhuhlane ongacacanga
Ukusuleleka kwindlebe akuyona ingxamiseko yabantwana, nje ngokuba intlungu ingalawulwa.
I-American Academy ye-Pediatrics ikhuthaza indlela yokuphatha intlungu kwaye ilinde iintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwethathu ukujonga ukuba iya kuhamba, njengoko kudla njalo. Kufuneka ukhangele ugqirha wakho malunga nokuba umntwana ufanele abonakale. Abantu abadala kufuneka babizele ugqirha xa beva intlungu okanye ezinye iimpawu baze babone ukuba kufuneka balinde okanye bangene ukuze bafumane iimviwo.
Iimpawu zengxelo engapheliyo ye-otitis ingabandakanya ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe, umbane ongapheliyo, iimeko zokulinganisela, ubuthakathaka obusweni, intlungu eninzi, intlungu, umkhuhlane, ukudideka, ukukhathala, kunye ne-drainage okanye ukuvuvukala emva kwendlebe.
Ingxaki eqhubekayo ye-otitis media i-eardrum ephukile ngenxa yengcinezelo ye-fluid kunye ne-pus, kwaye unokufumana i-vertigo. Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo ziquka ukusuleleka kwi-bone mastoid (i- mastoiditis ) okanye ezinye iindawo. I-otitis yeendaba ezingapheliyo kubantwana ingakhokelela ekulahlekelweni kwindlebe kunye nokuphazamisa intetho nokuphuhliswa kolwimi.
Izizathu
Nangona iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezifo zendlebe zingabangela ezinye iimpawu ezifanayo, izizathu zazo ziyahluka.
Ukukhutshwa kwebheyibhile ye-eustachian edibanisa umqolo wakho kunye nendlebe yakho ephakathi ibeka indawo ye-otitis media. I-tube ayikwazi ukukhupha indlebe ephakathi ukuba unyuke ukuvuvukala, i-muscus, okanye ukudibanisa ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka ngeentsholongwane eziphezulu zokuphefumula okanye i-rhinitis ye-allergenic. Iibhaktheriya okanye iintsholongwane zingakwazi ukuphindaphinda kwindlebe ephakathi kwaye zenze i-infection ear .
Abantwana phakathi kweminyaka engama-6 kunye neminyaka emi-2 basengozini enkulu kuba izibilini zabo ze-eustachian azinako ukugalela umbane ngaphakathi kwindlebe yangaphakathi kwaye ziyakwazi ukuthintela kwizifo eziphezulu zokuphefumula ngenxa yezixhobo zabo zokuzikhusela.
Iintsana ezingenakunikwa ibiliso ubuncinane kwiinyanga ezintandathu zokuqala zobomi, ngubani osondlo lwebhotile ngelixa ulala phantsi, okanye usebenzisa i-pacifier ezingaphezu kweenyanga ezi-6 zisesichengeni sokwandisa indlebe.
Ukubhema kunye nokutshatyalaliswa komsi wesandla kumgangatho kwandisa umngcipheko. Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi zibandakanya i-palate ye-palate kunye nezinye iingxaki ze-craniofacial, i- adenoids ephakamileyo, i-polyps zamanzi kunye nezifo ze-mucosal ezifana nesinitis.
I-otitis media (COM) ibonisa ukuba i-fluid ikhona kwindlebe ephakathi ezintandathu okanye ngaphezulu kweeveki. Yimimiselo eyenzeka ngokuqhelekileyo kwiminyaka emininzi kubantu abahlala benenkathazo yendlebe.
I-OME iyakwenzeka kwakhona xa uhla ngokubanda okanye umqala oyimpumlo kunye nobuthakathaka bubuthelela kwindlebe ephakathi ngenxa yokuvuvukala, kodwa akukho sisifo esisebenzayo. Umkhuhlane ngokuqhelekileyo uhamba ngokwawo ngaphakathi kweeveki ezine ukuya ezintandathu. Kuthambeke ukuba kwenzeke kaninzi kwizingane phakathi kweminyaka eyi-6 kunye neminyaka emithathu ubudala. Amakhwenkwe amaninzi achaphazelekayo kunamantombazana.
Indlebe ye-Swimmer (i-otitis externa) iyahluke kwi-otitis media ukuba iibhaktheriya zanda emanzini afakwe kwi-canal endlebe. Ukubhukuda, ngokwemvelo, kuyinto ebalulekileyo yengozi, kodwa ukufaka iminwe okanye i-cotton swabs endlebeni kunokuncedisa nakweli.
Ukuxilongwa
Ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo kwentsholongwane yendlebe kudinga ukutyelela umboneleli wakho wezempilo. Uya kusebenzisa isixhobo esikhethekileyo (i-otoscope) ukujonga ngaphakathi kwendlebe ukufumana ukuba yeyiphi uhlobo lokusuleleka kwindlebe. Ukufanekisa ngokuqhelekileyo akudingeki. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unesifo esiphakathi kwindlebe ephakathi, i-CT scan okanye i-MRI inokwenziwa ukuba ikhangele iimeko ezingaqhelekanga okanye i-abscesses.
Unyango
Uninzi lwezifo zentloko ezisezantsi zicaca ngokwazo emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa. Ugqirha wakho unokukucebisa malunga nokuba ubukele nokulinda okanye unyango luyacetyiswa.
Ibuprofen okanye i-acetaminophen ingaphaya kwe-counter-counter. Xa ugqirha ekwenza uhlolisiso lwe-infection ear, i-antibiotics iya kumiselwa ngokulandela izikhokelo ezisekelwe kwiminyaka yobudala kunye nezinye iindlela. I-Amoxicillin yindlela yokuqala yokukhetha ngoba ibandakanya i-agentriya ye-bacterial agent. Ezinye i-antibiotics zisetyenziselwa ukuba unobungozi kwi-penicillin. Intloko ihla nge-anesthetic yezobugcisa nayo inokumiselwa ukunceda ngeentlungu zendlebe.
Ukuba umntwana wakho unomdla wolondolozo olungapheliyo, ugqirha wakho unokucetyiswa ukuba neentlobo ezincinci ezibekwe ezindlebeni zakhe ukuncedisa ukukhupha umkhuhlane owakhulayo. Nangona oku kuyinkqubo eqhelekileyo kwaye enobulungisa, kukho iingozi ezibandakanyekayo nayiphi na uhlobo lotyando okanye i-anesthesia kunye nesigqibo kufuneka sibe yinto ehlolisiswa ngenyameko ngabazali kunye nodokotela.
Ukunyamekela nokunyamezela
Ukujamelana nokusuleleka kwindlebe kunokukhathazeka, nokuba yeyakho okanye umntwana wakho. Ukuba i-antibiotics imiselwe, kubalulekile ukuba ukhumbule ukuba awuyi kubona nayiphi na impazamo kwimpawu ubuncinane kwiiyure ezingama-24 ukuya kuma-48. Oku kuthetha ukuba kunokusenza ifiva kunye nentlungu evelelekile kweso sihlandlo. Umntwana unokuhlala ehlala ebantwini kwaye enzima ukulala. Sebenzisa ukuhluthwa kwentlungu xa kuyimfuneko kwaye njengoko kuqondiswe; ungaphinda uzame ukusebenzisa ilinen elifudumele okanye elipholileyo kwindlebe echaphazelekayo.
Iziphazamiso ezinjengevidiyo, iincwadi, kunye nemidlalo kunokuthatha ingqwalaselo yomntwana kude nentlungu kwaye ingakhathazeki. Ukuba uchithe ixesha elide kunye nomntwana okhuseleyo, cela uncedo ukuze ukwazi ukuthatha ikhefu.
Kwakhona kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uthathe onke amayeza anqunyiwe. Ukugqitywa kwee-antibiotics ezimiselweyo kunokukhokelela kwiibhaktheriya ezingapheliyo kwaye kubangela ukuba usulelo luqhubeke.
ILizwi
Izifo zentloko ziyingxenye eqhelekileyo yobuntwana. Thetha nomboneleli wakho wezempilo malunga noko kufuneka uyenze xa ubona iimpawu kumntwana wakho. Kuba bobabini kunye nomntwana wakho, nciphise ukutshatyalaliswa komsi wesibindi okanye ukuyeka ukutshaya. Qiniseka ukuthatha amanyathelo okuthintela ukubandayo kunye nomkhuhlane, kuquka ukufumana izigonyamelo ezicetywayo kunye nomtshato wonyaka.
Imithombo:
> IiNtsholongwane zendlebe. MedlinePlus. https://medlineplus.gov/earinfections.html.
> Lieberthal A, uCarroll A, i-Chonmaitree T, et al. Ukuxilongwa noLawulo lwe-Acute Otitis Media. Pediatrics 2013; 131 (3): e964-99.
> Limb CJ, uLustig LR, iKlein JO. I-Acute Otitis Media kwiBantu abadala (i-Suppurative ne Serous). Isemgangathweno. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acute-otitis-media-in-adults.
> IiNtsholongwane zoMphakathi. I-American Academy yePediatrics. https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/ear-nose-throat/Pages/Middle-Ear-Infections.aspx.