Unyango lwe-Down Syndrome: Ukwaziswa okufutshane
Xa uqale kwasekuqaleni ebomini, unyango lwe-Down syndrome lunceda abaninzi abanokuphila ubomi obude kunye novelisayo.
Iintsana ezine-Down syndrome zizalelwa kuyo: Zine-chromosome eyongezelelweyo-ikopi ye-chromosome 21. Akukho nonyango ye- Down syndrome ; Kunoko, injongo yonyango kukulawula iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zengqondo, ezonyango, kunye nengqondo (ukucinga) abantu abaninzi abane-Down syndrome amava.
Unyango lwe-Down Syndrome
Akukho unyango lwe-Down syndrome ngokwayo. Nangona kunjalo, nabani na abane-Down syndrome banomngcipheko okongezelelekileyo kwezinye iingxaki zezokwelapha, nangona abanye bengalandeli. Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo zezonyango ezijongene nabantu abane-Down syndrome ziquka ukukhubazeka kwentliziyo kunye ne-thyroid, imisipha, idibeneyo, umbono kunye neengxaki zokuva. Iimeko ezibonwa ngaphantsi kwexesha eliphantsi kwi-Down syndrome ziquka i-leukemia kunye nokutshatyalaliswa.
Zininzi iindlela ezahlukahlukeneyo ezisetyenziselwa ukunyanga kwezi meko zonyango.
Mayeza. Amayeza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga ezinye zeemeko zonyango ezinokuhamba ne-Down syndrome. Umzekelo, umntu onenkathazo yokuthumba anganikwa uncedo lokulwa ne-anti-seizure, kwaye umntu onenkinga ye-thyroid angathabatha unyango lwe-thyroid-substitution-substitution.
Zonyango kunye nezinye iingcali. Ukuba umntwana wakho ufumene ukuba une-Down syndrome, udokotela wakho wezilwanyana nguye owona mgangatho ophezulu wezonyango lwezempilo ukulawula imiba yakhe yezokwelapha.
Uninzi lwabahlengikazi lunamava okujongana neengxaki zonyango ezibonakalayo kubantwana abane-Down syndrome. Ukwengeza:
- Ukuba umntwana wakho unesiphako senhliziyo , uya kulandelwa yintliziyo yengcali ebizwa ngokuba yi- cardiologist.
- Ukuba umntwana wakho unengxaki ye-thyroid, ugqirha we -endocrinologist (ugqirha ojongene nokuphatha izidalwa ze-endocrine, evelisa i-hormones) uya kulawula loo nxalenye yonyango lwakhe.
Iingxaki zokuva nokubona kubonakala kubantwana abane-Down syndrome azifani nazo kubonwa kwabanye abantwana. Iingxaki zokuvavanywa zivavanywa yi-audiologist, iingxaki zombono nge-optometrist okanye i-ophthalmologist.
Ukunyangwa kwe-Down Syndrome
Ezinye izimo zonyango ezibonwa kubantwana abane-Down syndrome zidinga ukuhlinzwa. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba ukufuna ukuhlinzwa akuthethi ukuba umntwana unesifo "soqatha" se-Down syndrome okanye ukuba unengxaki ezinengqiqo ezinokuthi zenzeke kule ngxaki.
Abantwana abanokufuna unyango lwe-Down syndrome baquka abo:
Ukukhubazeka Kweentliziyo Zengqondo . Phantse i-40% yabantwana abane-Down syndrome bazalwa benesiphene. Abanye banobumnene kwaye banokuziphucula ngokwabo, kodwa ezo zinzima kakhulu zifuna ukuhlinzwa.
I-Gastro i- ntestinal Defects .
- Phantse i-1% yabantwana abane-Down syndrome bazalwa benesifo se-fistula esenza i-tracheoesophageal, ebangela ukuba i-choking kunye "iqhume" yobisi okanye ifomula.
- Ukususela kwi-2% ukuya kwi-15% bazalwa nge-Hirschsprung, esibangela isifo samathumbu amaninzi.
- Kulinganiselwa ukuba ama-3% azalwe engenalo i-imperus anus, apho kuvuleka ukuvula.
Ubaluleka bokungenelela kwangaphambili
Abantwana abane-Down syndrome bahlala bebhekiswe kwiinkqubo zokungenelela kwangaphambi nje kokuzalwa.
Ukungenelela kwangaphambili yinkqubo yokwelapha, ukusetyenziswa, kunye nemisebenzi eyenzelwe ngokukodwa ukunceda abantwana abane-Down syndrome (kunye nabanye abakhubazekileyo). Enyanisweni, umthetho wesigqeba ufuna ukuba urhulumente ngamnye anike iinkonzo zokungenelela kwangaphambili kubo bonke abantwana abafanelekileyo, ngenjongo yokuphucula ukuphuhliswa kweintsana nabantwana kunye nokunceda iintsapho ziqonde kwaye zihlangabezane neemfuno zabantwana babo.
Iinkonzo eziphambili zokungenelela kwangaphambili kwiintsana ezine-Down syndrome zonyango lwangokonyango kunye neyeza lokuthetha.
Ulungiso lwenyama . Ukugxininisa ekuphuhliseni imoto kuba abaninzi abantwana abane-Down syndrome bane-hypotonia (ithoni ephantsi ye-muscle, ebizwa ngokuba yi- floppy baby syndrome ), unyango lomzimba lubafundisa ukuba bathathe imizimba yabo ngendlela efanelekileyo ngokubhekiselele ekuphuculeni ithoni yabo ye-muscle.
Injongo ephindwe kabini i-1) ukubanceda bafikelele kwezinye zeziganeko zabo zokukhula njengoko bekhula kwaye 2) ukunceda ukukhusela iingxaki, ezifana nokunyameka kokuhamba, loo ntoni ye-muscle ephantsi ingabangela.
Ulwaphulo lweNtetho. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kubantwana abane-Down syndrome, abahlala benomlomo omncinci kunye neelwimi ezincinane ezenza ukuba kube nzima ukuba bathethe ngokucacileyo. Ezi ngxaki zingenziwa zibe zibi nakwizibonda ezinezitho zomzimba eziphantsi (ngenxa yokuba imisipha yabo yomzimba ayisebenzi kakuhle) kunye / okanye iingxaki zokuva.
Iingcali zeengxoxo zifundisa abantwana ukuba bathethe ngokucacileyo ngokuthetha okanye, kwabanye abantwana abane-Down syndrome, ngokusebenzisa ulwimi lwezandla .
KuPhila kwaBantu abadala
Abantu abaninzi abane-Down syndrome ngempumelelo benza iinguqu zokuhlala kunye neentsapho zabo ukuze bahlale bezimeleyo, ngokuqhelekileyo bancedisa amaziko okuhlala okanye amaqela eqela. Ukuba neqela labaqeqeshi beengcali - ingakumbi abachwephesha bezemisebenzi-abafundisa nokukhuthaza izakhono zokuncedisa ngokwabo, banokunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba umntu onesifo se-Down syndrome ufezekisa le nto ibalulekileyo.
Abantu abakhulileyo abane-Down Syndrome: Iinkxalabo ezikhethekileyo
Ukuguga kuzisa imingeni efanayo kubantu abane-Down syndrome njengabo bonke abantu, kubandakanywa ingozi eyongeziweyo yeemeko ezifana nokudandatheka kunye nesifo se-Alzheimer. Unyango lufana noko. Omnye umahluko kubantu abanonophelo kunye noogqirha, nangona kunjalo, kunokuthi kube nzima ukuphawula ukuqala kwezi ntlobo zeemeko kumntu onenkathazo yokuthetha ngokucacileyo malunga noko akuvakalelwayo. Abanonophelo kunye noogqirha kufuneka baqaphele impawu yokuba abantu asebekhulile abane-Down syndrome banokuphuhlisa izifo ezingaphezulu.
Kuphi Ukufumana Inkxaso Yengqondo
Ukujongana nemimiselo yempembelelo neyinkqubo yokunyamekela umntu onesifo se-Down syndrome inokumangalisa ngamanye amaxesha. Ngethamsanqa, akukho mfuneko "yokuhamba yodwa." Imithombo emininzi yokuxhasa abantu abane-Down syndrome kunye neentsapho zabo kunye nabanakekeli ziquka:
- Amaqela axhasa i-Down syndrome, apho abantu bahlangana khona ukuthetha ngamava abo kwaye banikeze omnye umkhuthazo kunye neengcamango
- Ukucebisa abaqeqeshi bempilo yengqondo, njengabasebenzi bezentlalo, ukuncedisa izidingo ezithile kunye neengxaki
Imithombo:
I-American Academy ye-Pediatrics Policy Statements. Ulawulo lwezempilo lwezingane ezine-Down syndrome. Pediatrics. 2011; 107: 442-449.
Cassidy, SB, Allanson, JE (Eds.). Ulawulo lwe-genetic syndromes , u-3 ed. John Wiley & Son (2010).
"I-tragastinal tract and Down syndrome." I-National Down Syndrome Society (2016).
"Amazwi malunga ne-Down syndrome." Amasebe okuLawula nokuLawulwa kwezifo (2016).