I-biopsy ayidingi imfuneko
Umhlaza wesifo (obizwa ngokuba yi- hepatocellular carcinoma ) kwenzeka xa iiseli ezingaqhelekanga kwisibindi ziqala ukukhula zingalawuleki. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuxilongwa komhlaza wesibindi kubandakanya amanyathelo alandelayo-ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba, ukuhlolwa kwegazi, ukucinga ngeengcinga kunye namaxesha athile.
Ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni ngaba uye wafumanisa ukuba unesifo sesibindi esingasigxina kunye / okanye i- cirrhosis , xa kukuthi izibilini ezingenasiphelo ngenxa yezifo ezingasigxina, ugqirha wakho unokuhamba ngokungafaniyo nomdlavuza wesibindi.
Uvavanyo lweMvelo
Emva kokuphonononga ingozi yomdlavuza wesibindi (umzekelo, enoba unembali ye-cirrhosis okanye imbali yokusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala), ukuba ugqirha ugxeka umhlaza, uya kubeka ingqalelo kwisisu sakho, ingakumbi kwicala elifanelekileyo apho kubakho isibindi. Ngokugqithiseleyo, ugqirha wakho uya kufaka ngaphantsi kwe-ribcage yakho yokunene ukuze uqinisekise ukuba isibindi sakho sandisiwe.
Ugqirha wakho uya kukhangela ezinye iimpawu zesifo sexesha elide (okwandisa umngcipheko wokuba nomdla wesibindi) kufana:
- Ipeni ekhulisiweyo, esecaleni eliphezulu elingasese lesisu sakho
- Iimvumba ezingabonakaliyo esiswini sakho
- Isisu esisigcwele amanzi, sithukuthele
- Ubungqina bentambo ye- jaundice (umzekelo, ukuluhlaza okwesibini kwiliso lakho
Iilebhu
Kukho uninzi lweemvavanyo zegazi ugqirha wakho unokuyalela ukuba ancede ahlolisise umdlavuza wesibindi kwaye achaze isizathu esinokubangela umdlavuza.
I-Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) I-Marker ye-Tumor
I-AFP yiprotheyini ephakamileyo kumntwana kodwa iwela kumazinga aphantsi emva kokuzalwa.
Ukutolika isiphumo sakho sokuhlolwa kwegazi le-AFP sinokuqhatha. Ngomnye, umntu unomdlavuza wesibindi kunye nomgangatho we-AFP usenokuba yinto eqhelekileyo (ayizange ivuke). Ngaphezulu, amazinga aphezulu ase-AFP anokuphakanyiswa kwezinye izizathu ngaphandle komhlaza wesibindi (umzekelo, i-cirrhosis okanye i-hepatitis esebenzayo).
Umgca wokugqibela kukuba ngelixa uvavanyo oluncedo, i-AFP inqanaba aliyilo vavanyo lwegazi elichanekileyo lokufumanisa umdlavuza wesibindi-yinto enye yecala.
Uvavanyo lwe-Cirrhosis
Ukuba uvavanyo lomzimba okanye uvavanyo lweemboniso lubonisa ukuba unesifo esingasasigxina sesifo kunye / okanye i-cirrhosis, kodwa isizathu esasemva kwayo asikabikwa, ugqirha wakho uya kulawula uchungechunge lweemvavanyo zegazi. Ngokomzekelo, uya kulandelela iimvavanyo zegazi ukujonga ukusulelwa ngu-hepatitis B kunye no-C. Mhlawumbi uya kudala u-ferritin kunye namanqanaba esinyithi ukujonga i- hemochromatosis , enye imbangela eqhelekileyo ye-cirrhosis.
ImiSebenzi yeBindi (i-LFTs)
I-LFTs iquka uchungechunge lweemvavanyo zegazi ezinika oogqirha ingcamango yokuba isibindi sakho sisebenza kakuhle kangakanani. Ezi mvavanyo zinokukunceda ugqirha wakho ukuba afumane isicwangciso sonyango esihle kakhulu somhlaza wakho wesibindi. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba umdlavuza wakho wesibindi uncinci kwaye uqulethe kwaye isibindi sakho sibonakala sisebenza kakuhle, ngoko ukususa umhlaza ngokuhlinzwa kunokuba ukhetho olufanelekileyo.
Ezinye iimvavanyo
Ugqirha wakho unokuyalela ezinye iimvavanyo zegazi ukucacisa ukuba ezinye izitho zomzimba wakho zisebenza njani. Ngokomzekelo, unokuyalela iimvavanyo zegazi ezivandlakisayo ukuba iinjongo zakho zisebenza njani. Ukongeza, ekubeni umdlavuza wesibindi ungathintela amanqanaba egazi we-glucose, i-calcium, kunye neeplatelet , ezi mvavanyo nazo zinokuyalelwa.
Ukucinga
Ukuhlola iimvavanyo kubalulekile ekufumaneni umhlaza wesibindi.
Ultrasound
Uvavanyo lokuqala umntu angangena luyi-ultrasound. Ngethuba le-ultrasound, iprobefu iya kucinyiswa ngenyameko esiswini sakho ukuze ubone ukuba kukho naziphi izihlwele ezisecaleni lakho.
I-CT Scans kunye ne-MRIs
Ukuba ubunzima bubonakala kwi-ultrasound, uvavanyo olunzulu kakhulu olunjenge-computed tomography (CT scan) kunye / okanye i-imagery magnontic resonance (MRI) yesibindi isenziwa ukunika ulwazi olunzulu malunga nobukhulu, njengale:
- Size
- Indawo kwindawo yesibindi
- Sasaza kwimikhumbi yegazi eseduze okanye kwezinye iindawo zesisu
Ezi mvavanyo zengcamango nazo zinokunika ulwazi malunga nokuba luhlobo luni lobunzima obukhoyo, oluthetha ukuba ubunzima bunobunzima (obungenomdlavuza) okanye obunobungozi (umhlaza).
Angiography
Okokugqibela, i-CT angiography okanye i-MRI angiography ingenziwa ukuze inikeze umfanekiso weemibhobho ezinika igazi kwisibindi. Kule vavanyo, uya kufuna i-IV efakwe kwingalo yakho ukuze idayisi eyahlukileyo inokuphathwa ngexesha le- CT okanye iMRI.
Biopsy
Ngexesha le-biopsy yesibindi, inaliti ifakwa kwisikhumba esiswini sakho esiswini. Ukunciphisa naluphi na ukungahambi kakuhle, indawo yesikhumba apho inaliti ihamba khona ihlaziyiweyo ngaphambili. Amaseli avela kwinqununu ayasuswa aze ahlolwe ngugqirha (obizwa ngokuba yi-pathologist) ukubona ukuba umhlaza ukhona.
Ngamanye amaxesha i-biopsy yesibindi sesibindi yenziwa ngexesha lotyando (olubizwa ngokuba yi-biopsy yokugonywa). Ngoluhlobo lwe-biopsy, isiqunto sobunzima okanye ubunzima bonke sisuswa kwaye sivavanywa ngumhlaza.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ngamaxesha amaninzi i-biopsy ayidingi ukulawula (okanye ngaphandle) ukuxilongwa kwesifo somhlaza. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-CT scan kunye / okanye i-MRI inokunikela ubungqina obanele bokuba ubunzima bomdlavuza okanye cha.
Kulo mzekelo, ukuphepha i-biopsy kulungile, njengoko kukho inkxalabo yokuba ukususa iiseli zomhlaza kumaninzi kunokuthi "imbewu" iindawo ezikufutshane nomhlaza. Ngaloo ndlela, ukusasazeka komhlaza kungenza umntu angafaneleki ukutshintshwa kwesibindi (ukhetho olungenakho unyango).
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba, ngamanye amaxesha i-biopsy iyimfuneko ukwenzela ukuba ufumane ukuxilongwa xa ukucinga kungagqibekanga.
Ukuxilongwa ngokungafani
Kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba i-lesion yomhlaza kwisibindi ayinakuba ngumdlavuza wesibindi esisisiseko kodwa kunomlingo wesimetra wesinye somhlaza. Ngokomzekelo, umdlavuza wekolon esasazeka kwisibindi ubizwa ngokuba ngumhlaza wekontoni okanye umhlaza wesibindi sesibini. Kule meko, ugqirha wakho uya kufuna ukuphanda ukuba yintoni umhlaza oyintloko, ukuba awukwazi.
Ngaphezu koko, yazi ukuba kukho ezininzi iingxaki zokufumana izifo zesibindi, oku kuthetha ukuba akunjalo ngumhlaza.
Imizekelo emibini ye-britin (non-cancer) ebangela izibindi zesibindi ziquka:
Hemangioma yeHepatic
Ihemangioma yeHepatic iyininzi yemithambo yegazi eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yesibindi sesibindi. Akunakudla ngokubangela iimpawu, kodwa kunokubangela ukuphazamiseka kwesisu, ukuqhaqhaqhaza, okanye ukuxhamla kwangaphambili ukuba kuba enkulu ngokwaneleyo. Nangona i-hemangioma engumlingo ayidingi unyango, kunokufuna ukuba isuswe ngumgqirha ukuba iphule ivule kwaye igule, nangona le nto inqabile.
Adenoma yeHepatic
I-adenoma ye-hepatic yi-tumor isifo esinesibindi esivame ukuba singabikho iimpawu ngaphandle kokuba igaye okanye ikhule ngokwaneleyo. Kwipesenti encinci yamatyala, i-adenoma ye-hepatic ingaba ngumhlaza wesibindi, kungenxa yoko isuswe.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Cancer Society (2018). Uvavanyo lweCancer Cancer.
> Bruix J, uSherman M, uMbutho waseMerika wokuFundisisa iSifo seNtsholongwane. Hepatology . Ngo-2011 uMar; 53 (3): 1020-2. dx.doi.org/10.1002/hep.24199
> Schwartz JM, Carithers RL. (2017). Impawu zonyango kunye nokuxilongwa kwe-primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Chopra S, ed. Isemgangathweno. Waltham, MA: UpToDate Inc.