Inkcazo kunye nokubaluleka kweMetastases neCarcer
Kuthetha ukuthini igama elithi metastasis? Iingcingo zithatyathwa njani kwezinye iindawo zomzimba, kutheni zisasazeka (ngokuchasene nezihlamba ezinobungozi,) kwaye ziziphi iindawo eziqhelekileyo zeemetastases?
Inkcazo yeMetastasis
I-metastasis ichazwa njengokusasazeka kweeseli zomhlaza kwiindawo eziphambili (iqumrhu apho umhlaza waqala khona) kwenye indawo yomzimba.
Umhlaza osasazeka ngale ndlela ubizwa ngokuba ngumhlaza wesifo semitha.
Umdlavuza weMetastatic ubizwa ngokuba ngumthi esekelwe kwisayithi apho umhlaza waqala khona. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba umhlaza wamaphaphu usasazeka emathanjeni, awuyi kuthiwa "umhlaza wesifo" kodwa kunokuba "umhlaza wamaphaphu emiphunga emathanjeni." Kwimeko apho, iiseli zeemetastatic zijongwa phantsi kwe-microscope ziya kuba ngumphunga womhlaza iiseli, kungekhona amathambo esele.
Amanye amachiza asematriki ngexesha lokuxilongwa, ngelixa abanye baba semastasti emva kokuba umhlaza sele uqhubekile, okanye uphindaphinda. Xa umhlaza usukile (okanye ubuncinane awukwazi ukufunyanwa ngeso sithuba) kwaye emva koko uphinde ubuyele kwisayithi ngaphandle komhlaza wokuqala, kuthiwa "ukuphindaphinda kude." Kwimisipha yomdlavuza, isisu esiye sagqithiswa ngokuqhelekileyo siqwalaselwa kwisigaba 4.
Kubaluleka kweMetastases
Ikhono lokunciphisa isisombululo esisodwa esibalulekileyo esichaza izicubu ezinobungozi (umdlavuza) ezivela emathunjini angenayo umdlavuza.
Ezinye izicubu ezinobungozi zingakhula zibe zikhulu kakhulu, kwaye zibangele iingxaki ezibalulekileyo, ngakumbi ukuba zikwindawo edibeneyo njengengqondo. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zicubu azifaki kwezinye iindawo zomzimba.
Iimetastase zinoxanduva lweepesenti ezingama-90 zesifo somhlaza, kwaye ngoko uphando oluphambili luqhubeka lujonge kwiindlela zombini zokuphatha ii-metastases nezindlela zokuthintela ukusasazeka kokuvela kwindawo yokuqala.
Amanqaku e-Cancers Metastasize (Ukusasazeka) njani?
Iiseli zeCanscer ziyahluka kwiiseli eziqhelekileyo ngeendlela ezininzi , enye yazo leyo iiseli zomhlaza ziyakwazi ukususa kwiiseli eziseduze ukuze zihlasele kwaye zi sasaze kwezinye iifom. Iiseli eziqhelekileyo zenza iamolekyu zokunamathela ezisebenza njengeglue, zibambe iiseli ezifanayo. Iiseli ze-Cancer zithintela iimlekyuli zokunamathela ezivumela ukuba zihlukane kwaye zihambe. Omnye umehluko kukuba iiseli eziqhelekileyo ziyaxinana namanye amaseli esondele-ngokubalulekileyo, ukhunjuzwa ngemida yabo. Iiseli zeCanscer ziye zaceba iindlela zokungayihoyi le miqondiso yokunxibelelana. Xa umhlaza weselula "ukhululekile" kwaye uhamba, uyakwazi ukuhamba. Kukho iindlela ezahlukahlukeneyo apho amaseli omhlaza asasazeka khona :
- Kwindawo (kwiphondo): Xa izilonda ezinobunzima zikhula zenza njalo ngobunzima obuqinileyo, ngokungathi kukho umda ocacileyo onayo. Ngokwahlukileyo, amangqamuzana omhlaza ahlasela ama-tissue angamakhelwane ngendlela engabonakaliyo enokuthi ibonakale njengeentambo. Enyanisweni, ukwandiswa komdlavuza ofana ne-claw kufana nezinye iisculi ezivela kuyo igama; Umhlaza ususelwa kwigama lesiGrike elithi claw.
- Ngokusebenzisa igazi: Iiseli ze-Cancer zingena kwigazi kwaye zihambe kwezinye iindawo zomzimba.
- Ngokusebenzisa inkqubo ye-lymphatic: I-lymphatic system enye enye inethiwekhi apho iiseli zomhlaza zihamba khona.
Ngomzila womoya (umhlaza wesifo samaphaphu): Ukongeza kwiindlela zemetriasis apha ngasentla, uphando lwangoku lubonisa ukuba umhlaza wemiphunga, mhlawumbi usasazeka kwimimoya (i-metastasis efanelekileyo), kwaye oku oku kubaluleke ngakumbi kunokuba i-bloodstream metastasis abantu abane- lungen adenocarcinoma .
Xa umhlaza usasazeke, kukho amanyathelo afunekayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba iiseli zomhlaza ziyaqhubeka zikhula. Enye imfuneko kukubunjwa kwemithambo yegazi entsha ukutya isisu esitsha, inkqubo ebizwa nge- angiogenesis .
Amachiza athi angiogenesis inhibitors asebenza ukuphazamisa le nkqubo, okwenza kube nzima ukuba izicubu zizinze kwiindawo ezintsha.
Kuphi iCarcers Spread?
Ininzi kanomdlavuza inekhono lokusasaza kunoma yimuphi ummandla womzimba, kodwa ezinye izingosi ze-metastases ziqhelekileyo kunezinye.
IiSayithi ze-metastasis ngokubanzi kunye neentlobo eziqhelekileyo zamanomdla ziquka:
- Iindawo eziqhelekileyo zeemetastasis ziquka amathambo, isibindi kunye nemiphunga.
- Iindawo eziqhelekileyo zesifo somhlaza wesibeleko se-breast to beast are the bones, brain, liver, and lungs.
- Iindawo eziqhelekileyo zomdlavuza wamaphaphu ukusabalala zi-adrenal glands, amathambo, ingqondo, isibindi, nakwezinye iimpompo.
- Iindawo eziqhelekileyo zesifo somhlaza wekolon ukuya kutshatyalaliswa sisifo, isibindi kunye ne-peritoneum.
- Iindawo eziqhelekileyo apho umdlavuza weprotate usasazeka khona, i-adrenal glands, ithambo, isibindi kunye nemiphunga.
Iimpawu zeMetastases
Izibonakaliso zomhlaza wesifo se-metastatic zibandakanya ezo zihambelana nobukho be-tumor kwindawo ethile yomzimba apho umhlaza usasazeke khona, kunye neempawu ezingezizo ezifana nokulahleka kwesisindo nokungakhathali. Ezinye iimpawu zingabandakanya:
- I-metastase ye-lung ingabangela ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo, ukuphefumula okufutshane, okanye intlungu yesifuba.
- I-Brain metastases ingabangela intloko, ukulahleka kombono, ukuxhatshazwa, ukuxhatshazwa okanye ubuthathaka beengalo okanye imilenze, kunye nokulahlekelwa kwemali.
- I-Boneastast i-Bone isenokubangela intlungu kwindawo apho isifo esithintekileyo sitholakala khona, kunye nezinga eliphezulu le-calcium egazini (hypercalcemia of malignancy.) Xa umhlaza uphakathi kwithambo, kunokusenokungqubuzana kunye nomqondiso wokuqala isifo se-metastasis sinokuphulwa kwethambo (ukuphulwa kwesithambo esonakaliswe yisisu.) Xa umdlavuza usasazeka emthonjeni, kunokubangela ukuba umthambo wokuncintisana uncinci ngenxa yobuthakathaka obangelwa yimilenze kunye nesilonda okanye ukungasebenzi kwesibindi.
- Ubunzima bezilwanyana zingabangela i-jaundice (i-yellow discoloration yesikhumba,) ukubhubhisa, intlungu yesisu, kunye nokulahleka kwesisindo.
- I-Metastases kwi-adrenal gland ihlala ingenangqondo kodwa ibalulekile ngokuphathelele unyango.
Unyango lweCatastatic Cancer
Unyango lomhlaza we-metastatic uya kuxhomekeka kwindawo yokuxhamla. Umhlaza weMetastatic awukwazi ukuphiliswa, kodwa uyaphathwa. Amachiza amatsha afana neentlobo zonyango kunye ne- immunotherapy ziphucula izinga lokusinda kwabanye abantu abanomdlavuza wesifo semitha, kwaye amaninzi amachiza afundiswa kwizilingo zonyango ezithembisa ukuba uphuculo olongezelelweyo kumanyango omhlaza we-metastatic lusondele.
Ezinye iinkalo zeemastastases, kunjalo, kunzima ukunyanga kunabanye. Ngenxa yenethwekhi eyinkimbinkimbi yeeseli ezinqambileyo ezibhekiselwe kuyo njengezithintelo zeengqondo, isithintelo esenzelwe ukukhusela i-toxins ekubeni ungene kwi-system ye-nervous system, ezininzi iziyobisi zamakhemikhali kunye nezinye izigulane ezijoliswe kuzo azikwazi ukufikelela kwiindawo ze-metastase ebuchosheni . Izifundo ziyaqhubeka zijonge imichiza engcono yokungenelela kwingqondo, kunye nezinye iindlela zokuphatha ezi ziphumo.
Kwabanye abantu abaneziko elilodwa okanye ezimbalwa kuphela zeemastastas (i-oligometastases,) ukususa i-metastasis kunye nokuhlinzwa okanye i-radiation inokuphucula ukusinda. Igama elithi metastasectomy lisetyenziselwa ukuchaza ukususwa kweemetastases kwaye kunokuqwalaselwa kunye neentlobo zesifo somhlaza kunye nemitha embalwa kuphela kwisifo sengqondo, isibindi, okanye imiphunga.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Cancer Society. Yintoni i-Metastasis? Ukuhlaziywa 12/15/16. http://www.cancer.org/treatment/understandingyourdiagnosis/bonemetastasis/bone-metastasis-what-is-bone-mets
> Gaikwad, C. et al. I-Metastase e-Aerogen: I-Changer of Game Possibility in the Diagnosis and Management of Primary Lung Adenocarcinoma. I-American Journal ye-Roentgenology . 2014. 203 (6): 570-82.
> INational Cancer Institute. Canast Metastatic. Ukuhlaziywa nge- 02/06/17. https://www.cancer.gov/types/metastatic-cancer