Iimpawu, ukuxilongwa, unyango, kunye nokuhlaziya
Umdlavuza weMetastatic kwimiphunga uthetha ukuba umdlavuza ovela kwenye indawo yomzimba usasazeke kwimiphunga.
Esinye isigama somhlaza wesifo semitha kumaphaphu ngumhlaza wesibini kwimiphunga, njengoko umdlavuza oyintloko kwindawo apho umhlaza waqala khona okanye wawuvela.
Ngokomzekelo, ukuba umhlaza wesifuba usasazeka kwimiphunga, uya kuthiwa ngumhlaza wesifuba kunye ne- metastasis kumapapu, okanye umdlavuza webele kunye nemastastimase yamaphaphu.
Akuyi kuthiwa ngumhlaza wamaphaphu kuba ukuba ufanele ukhangela isifo se-metastasic phantsi kwe-microscope, uya kubona ukuba iiseliti zebele zesifo somhlaza, kungekhona amangqamuzana omhlaza.
Njengobalulekile ngaphandle, ukuba ufuna ulwazi ngomhlaza oqala kwimiphunga uze usasaze kwezinye iindawo zomzimba, khangela i- metastatic (isigaba 4) umhlaza wemiphunga .
Ubume be-Canast Metastatic to the Lungs
Unokumangaliswa xa ufumanisa ukuba i-metastase i-lungastas iqhelekile, ivela kuma-30 ukuya kuma-55 ekhulwini ngamanqamu aphezulu. Nangona phantse nawuphi na umhlaza ungasasazeka kwimiphunga, abanye banokungaphezu kwamanye ukwenza njalo. Ngaloo ndlela, iindidi eziqhelekileyo zomhlaza ezithintela imiphunga ziquka:
- Umhlaza wesisu
- Umhlaza webele:
- Umhlaza weColon
- Umhlaza wesifo
- IMelanoma
- Umhlaza we-ovari
- Umhlaza wePancretic
- Umhlaza weprostate
- Umhlaza o nomhlaza
- Umhlaza wesisu
- Umhlaza weTyroid
- Umhlaza wesibeleko
Ngamanye amaxesha, oogqirha abakwaziyo ukufumanisa apho indawo ephambili yomhlaza.
Kule meko, babhekisela kumhlaza njengomhlaza wesimo esingaziwayo kunye nemetastasis emiphakeni.
Unomdlavuza njani
Ngelixa iiseli eziqhelekileyo zinokucingwa nje ngokuba "zinamathele," kuba zinama-molecule ezinamathelwano ezibagcina ndawonye ndawonye, iiseli zomhlaza zihlukile . Abazenza ezi molekyuli zokubambelela, ezivumela ukuba bahlukane kwaye bahambe njengoko bafuna.
Xa uhamba, amangqamuzana omhlaza angadlulisela ngqo kwimiphunga, njengama-cancers eqala kwindonga yesigxathu okanye isifuba. Kodwa ezininzi iiseli zomhlaza zihamba ngokuthe ngqo, ngeendlela ezintathu ezinokwenzeka :
- I-Bloodstream (ebizwa ngokuba yi-hematogenous spreadsheet): Iiseli ze-Cancer "zivuza" kwiimitha ezincinci zegazi kufuphi neesisu kwaye ziqhutyelwa emiphakeni ngeemitha ze-pulmonary.
- I-Lymphatics: Iiseli ezixhamlayo zingangena kwiinqanawa ezincinci ze-lymphatic kwaye zihambe ngeendlela zethymph (kuquka i-lymph nodes).
- Ukusasazeka kunye nokusasazeka kwamanzi: I-pleura ibhekisela kwiimbumba ezijikeleze umphunga. Olu hlobo lokusasazeka luhlala lukhawulelwe kumathumbu omphunga kwaye aluqhelekanga.
Iimpawu zoLungastases zeLung
Iimetastases ze-Lung zivame ukuba zibangele naziphi iimpawu. Xa kunjalo, i-metastases ingatholakala kwi-test radiological, njenge-CT scan, eyenziwe ukujonga ubukho bentsholongwane yomhlaza.
Ukuba kukho iimpawu, zihlala zifana neempawu zomhlaza wamaphaphu oyintloko , njengokuba:
- Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo
- Ukuhlamba igazi (elibizwa ngokuba yi-hemoptysis) okanye i-sputum enegazi
- Ubuhlungu kwisifuba, emagxeni nasemva
- Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
- Iqondo eliphantsi le-oxygen (elibizwa ngokuba yi-hypoxemia)
- Ukutshatyalaliswa kwesigxina
Ekubeni umdlavuza we-metastatic ubonisa ukuba umdlavuza oyintloko usasazelele emzimbeni, iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ezifana nokukhathala, ukulahleka kwesisindo , kunye nokunciphisa isondlo kuyafana.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-Lung Metastases
Ukuba ugqirha wakho ugxeka ukuba unemiphunga yeemiphunga, kukho iimvavanyo ezininzi anokuziqwalasela. Ezi ziquka:
- I-x-ray yesifuba (i-x-ray esifubeni sinokulahleka kalula i-metastase encinci)
- I-CT scan yesifuba
- PET yokuhlola
- I-biopsy (i-biopsy okanye i-biopsy evulekile)
- Uhlalutyo lwenkqutyana oluxhamlayo xa kukho ukuxhatshazwa kwesigxina
- Bronchoscopy
Iziphumo zezi zifundo zengcamango zingabonisa ubungqina obanele beemastastases, nangona i-biopsy ingadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.
Unyango lweeLung Metasase
Unyango lomhlaza we-metastatic kumapapu udlalwa ngumhlaza oyintloko, okanye umvelaphi womhlaza.
Ezi zonyango zingabandakanya unyango lwe-hormonal, unyango olujoliswe kuzo, i-chemotherapy, immunotherapy, okanye ukudibanisa unyango.
I-Chemotherapy isoloko unyango olukhethiweyo, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo linikezelwa njengonyango olusisigxina , lonyango olwenzelwe ukulondoloza ixesha lokusinda nokunciphisa iimpawu. Ulwaphulo olusisigxina alujoliswanga kunyango lomhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, kufana nomhlaza wesifo somnatha kwimiphunga, i-chemotherapy inokuba yonyango.
Ngamanye amaxesha, unyango olusenziwa ngonyango lweemiphunga (olubizwa ngokuba yi-metastasectomy) luqwalaselwa. Ukuze le nto iphumelele, ugqirha wakho uya kufuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba isisu sakho esiyintloko sisuswe ngokupheleleyo, kwaye ukuba zonke i-metastases ziyakwazi ukuchongwa ngezobuchwephesha. Xa kunjalo, i-metastasectomy inokuphucula impilo yakho.
Ukongeza kwindlela yokuhlinzwa, i- radiotherapy yomzimba (stereotactic body radiotherapy) (i-SBRT) , ebizwa ngokuba yi-"cyberknife," ngamanye amaxesha isetyenziselwa ukuphatha ii-metastase kwimiphaphu emdlalweni kwezinye iziko.
Ukuxhamlaliswa kweMungastases yamaLung
Ngelishwa, umdlavuza oye wasasazeka kwimiphunga (obizwa ngokuba ngumhlaza wesigaba 4) ngokuqhelekileyo awuphilwanga. Oko kwathiwa, kudla kakhulu unyango, kwaye ugqirha uya kuthetha nawe malunga nezokwelapha ezingakwandisa ubomi bakho, kunye nokunika umgangatho obalulekileyo wokuphila.
Inani lokusinda, elichazwe njengepesenti yabantu abahlala kwiminyaka emihlanu okanye ngaphezulu emva kokuba umhlaza wabo ufumaneke, uhluka ngokubanzi kuxhomekeka kwisisu esiyintloko. Ngokomzekelo, ukusinda kuphezulu kunamaqhekeza njengomhlaza womhlaza osasazeka emiphakeni (i-73 pesenti yeminyaka emihlanu yokusinda) kwaye iphantsi kunezicubu ezinjenge-melanoma eye yasasazeka kwimiphunga (15 ukuya kwi-20 ekhulwini kwimizuzu emihlanu yokusinda).
Umgca apha apha kukuba mhlawumbi ukuba ukuxela umhlaza ngomhlaza weemiphunga kuya kuphucula kwikamva elikufutshane. Kakade isigaba se-4 sesifo somdlavuza siphendule kwizonyango, ezifana ne- immunotherapy , ngeendlela ezingafundwayo kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo.
ILizwi
Isishwankathelo, imitha yesifo semiphunga okanye umhlaza wesifo semitha kumphunga kwenzeka xa umhlaza ovela kwenye indawo yomzimba, efana nesifuba okanye isisu, isasazeka kwimiphunga. Uninzi lwabantu abanemiphunga yamaphaphu abanalo iimpawu, kodwa banokufumana ukukhohlela, intlungu yesifuba okanye i-hemoptysis.
Ekugqibeleni, i-metastase yamaphaphu idlalwa njengengxenye yonyango yonyango yomhlaza wesiqhelo, kwaye ngoxa i-cancer ye-metastatic ingadluliyo (kukho ukungaqhelekanga), unyango lunokwandisa ubomi kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi ngokulawula iimpawu.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Cancer Society. (2016). IiNtsholongwane zokuPhila kweNtsholongwane.
> Bartlett EK et al. Ukunyuka kwe-metastasectomy kwiimpawu zomhlaza kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo. Cancer . 2015 uMar 1; 121 (5): 747-57.
> Miller, K., Siegel, R., Lin, C. et al. Unyango lweNtsholongwane kunye nokuPhepha koLondolozo, ngo-2016. I-CA: I-Journal yeCancer for Clinicians . 2016. 66 (4): 271-289.
> INational Cancer Institute. (2017). Canast Metastatic.
> Wang, H., Zhang, C., Zhang, J. et al. Uhlalutyo lwe-Prognosis ye-Metastasis ehlukeneyo kwiMathambo enesifo esithile se-Cancer Subtypes: I-SEER Based Based Study. Oncotarget . 2017. 8 (16): 26368-26379.