Ukuba wena okanye othandekayo usandul 'ufumene umhlaza wesisu, kubalulekile ukuchitha ixesha ukucwangcisa ulwazi. Nangona unokuba ufumana uluhlu lweemvakalelo, ukusuka kwingqungquthela yokungahloneli, kufuneka uqiniseke ukuba sele uthabatha amanyathelo okuqala okufuneka uhlangabezane ne-diagnostic entsha-oko kukufunda ngako.
Kule ngqungquthela yomhlaza wesisu, siza kuxubusha izinto ezisisiseko sendlela esiyiyo kunye nesabelo salo kwindlela yomchamo, indlela umdlavuza oqhubeka ngayo, kunye nemigqaliselo eqhelekileyo esetyenziswa ukuchaza iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeemeko.
Qinisekisa ukuba uxhotyiswe ngokupheleleyo ukuba neengxoxo ezinolwazi kunye neqela lakho lononophelo lwezempilo.
I-Urinary Tract System
I-urinary system inamalungu alandelayo:
- Iizintso
- Ureters
- Bladder
- Urethra
- Iprostate gland (amadoda kuphela)
Iinjongo zimbini ezinobumba obunobhontshisi obukusemva kwesisu, phantsi kwesiqhekeza ngakwesobunxele, nangaphantsi kwesibindi ngakwesokudla. Zinezinto ezintathu eziphambili:
- Ukucoca inkunkuma kwigazi
- Yenza umchamo
- Ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye netyuwa kunye nokulinganisela kwamanzi
Xa umchamo uveliswa yizintso, uhamba nge-tube enxulumene neentso nganye, ebizwa ngokuba yi-ureter. I-ureters ifakwe kwiimisipha kunye neentsholongwane ezisebenzayo ukuqhuba umchamo ungene kwi-bladder.
I-vestile iyisimo esingenalutho, esisisigxina esigcina umchamo-malunga neekomityi ezimbini ngexesha-kwaye zifumaneka kwi-pelvis. Xa uchama, ukuqhawulwa kwebladder, elawulwa yingqondo yakho kunye nentambo yomgogodla, ukhupha umchamo ngaphandle kwesikhumba kwi-urethra, umzila ophethe umchamo ngaphandle komzimba.
Kwamadoda nabasetyhini, irerera isebenza umsebenzi ofanayo. Nangona, emadodeni, i-urethra idlulela kwi- prostate gland , iqumrhu elenziwe ngamanqwanqwa elisecaleni lesitya. Nangona i-prostate gland ibandakanyeka ekuveleni kwabantu, ayinakuthembela kakhulu kumgca womntu.
I-Cancer ye-Bladder iqala njani
Amalungu akhiwe ngamaseli kwaye, kwilungu eliphilileyo, iiseli zikhula kwaye zahlula ngendlela elawulwayo, ehlelekile. Kodwa, ngamanye amaxesha, xa iiseli ngaphakathi kwilungu ziqala ukukhula kwaye zahlula ngendlela engalawulwayo, umhlaza ungenzeka.
Amaseli omhlaza aqhubeka ephindaphinda, ekugqibeleni enza i-tumor okanye ubunzima obuya kuhlasela izicubu ezinempilo ezikufuphi, ezichaphazela umsebenzi wazo kwaye zibangele iimpawu (njengegazi kumchamo okanye intlungu). Ukuba ayengaphathwa, umhlaza ungangena kwigazi kunye / okanye i-lymph nodes eseduze kwaye isasazeka kwezinye iindawo zomzimba.
I-bladder iqulethwe ngamacandelo amaninzi kwaye uluhlu ngalunye lenziwe ngamaseli ahlukeneyo asebenzayo ahlukeneyo umsebenzi. Umgca wecala lomgca, obizwa ngokuba yi-urothelium, yilapho iindawo ezininzi zeekliniki ezihamba ngayo ziqala.
Iiseli ezisecaleni zingaphakathi zibizwa ngokuba yiiseli zentshukumo, kungenxa yoko uye wayiva i-transitional cell carcinoma okanye urothelial carcinoma. (I-Carcinoma enye igama ngomhlaza). Iiseli zenguqu zolule xa i-bladder igcwele umchamo kwaye iyancipha xa i-bladder ingenanto.
Ngaphandle nje kwe-urothelium kuluhlu oluncinci lweemithwalo yegazi kunye neentsholongwane ezilandelwa ngumgca we-muscular oqingqiweyo uze ulandele amanqatha.
Njengoko umhlaza wesisu ukhula, unako ukwandisa ukuya kwiindawo.
Xa umhlaza wesantya unye wanda kwinqanaba le-muscular thick, kuthathwa njengongenayo, oku kuthetha ukuba kunzima ukunyanga. Umdlavuza wesibeleko okanye ongenawo umonakalo kulula ukuyiphatha, njengoko iqulethwe.
Umfanekiso omkhulu apha kukuba umhlaza wesibeletho ukwanda, uphambili ngakumbi kwaye kuba nzima kunokuba uphathwe. Ekugqibeleni, umhlaza wesantya ungasasazeka kwiindawo ezingaphandle kwesikhumba okanye nakwezinye izitho, njengamathambo, isibindi, okanye imiphunga. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yi- metastasis .
Iindidi zeCladder Cancer
Ingaba wena okanye umntu obathandayo uye wafumanisa ukuba unomdlavuza wesisu (okanye ufuna ukufunda okungakumbi malunga nalo), kubalulekile ukuba uhlale usebenza ngendlela yakho kunye nempilo yonke.
Funda into onokuyenza, kodwa zama ukungafakwa phantsi kwiinkcukacha.
Gcinana nomfanekiso omkhulu, fayile ezinye zeemigqomo kude, kwaye qiniseka ukuphendula nayiphi na imibuzo okanye iingxaki kunye nogqirha wakho. Nazi ezinye zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza wesisu kunye nento oyifunayo.
I-Canrotical Cancer
I-urothelial carcinoma (eyaziwa ngokuba ngumhlaza womhlaza wentsholongwane) yindlela eqhelekileyo yomhlaza wesisu, ovela kumaphesenti angama-90 ukuya kuma-95 kwizigulane. Unamacandelo amabini:
- Papillary carcinoma
- Carcinoma
Ezi zincinci zichaza indlela umhlaza obonakala ngayo kwaye ukhula ngaphakathi kwesikhumba. I-papillary carcinoma ibukeka njengomunwe kwaye ikhula ukusuka kwinqanaba elingaphakathi kwe-vestium, i-urothelium, ukuya kwiziko. Kwaye, ngenxa yokuba zikhula ngasese, zivame ukuphepha ukuhlaselwa kwezingqimba zangaphandle zesibindi.
Ngokwahlukileyo, i-carcinoma ephathekayo ibukeka njengobunzima obunzima okanye ukukhula kulele ngaphakathi kwintlambo. Ngokungafani ne-papillary carcinomas, azikhuli ukuya kwiziko.
Ukutshaya i-cigarette yinto ebalulekileyo yengozi yokuphuhlisa i-urothelial carcinoma. Inika isiqingatha sezo zonke izifo zesifo e-United States.
I-Squamous Cancer Cancer
Ngaphandle kwe-carrotoma ye-urothelial, kukho ezinye iindidi ze-cancer ezingenalo urothelial, kodwa ezi zinto aziqhelekanga. Ngokomzekelo, i-squamous cell carcinoma ye-bladder iqala kwi-skinny, amangqamuzana asisigxina abizwa ngokuba ngama-cell squamous angasenza kwisisu emva kokusuleleka kwexesha elide.
Umzekelo weklasi we-squamous cell carcinoma ye-bladder kumntu osuleleka kwi-parasite i- Schistosoma haematobium, efumaneka e-Afrika nakumaMbindi-mpuma. Izifo ezingapheliyo zogcino lwe-urinary okanye ukucaphuka komkhomathi ohlala ngaphakathi zingabangela ukuba kubekho umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa.
Adenocarcinoma
Olu hlobo alufanekanga, lubalo malunga neepesenti enye ukuya kwee-2 zonke i-Cancer e-United States. Njenge-squamous cell carcinoma, ukusuleleka kwi-parasite I- Schistosoma haematobium okanye ukugwenxa okungapheliyo kwesibindi kunokwandisa ithuba lomntu lokuphuhlisa i-adenocarcinoma.
Ezinye iindidi
Kukho ezinye iintlobo ezingaphantsi komdlavuza wesibeletho, njenge-cell cell carcinoma ye-bladder kunye ne-melanoma. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba luhlobo luni, nangona kunjalo, unyango lufana nolwasemdlalweni wesifo somhlaza wesantya, nakuba i- chemotherapy ingahluka.
I-Cancer ye-Bladder: Izigaba kunye namaBanga
Ukuqaphela indlela umhlaza womhlaza womntu oye wasasazeka ngayo ubizwa ngokuba yi-stage. Oku kuyimfuneko ebaluleke kakhulu yokuhlolwa kogqirha njengoko ichaza isicwangciso sonyango lomntu.
Umgangatho wesifo somhlaza wesibhanzana sinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokuhlolwa kogqirha kwaye ibhekisela kwindlela amangqamuzana omhlaza angaphangela ngayo i-microscope. Umhlaza wesibeleko unokuba ngumgangatho ophantsi, oku kuthetha ukuba iiseli zomhlaza zikhangeleka njengama-cell vesti ephilileyo, okanye i-high-grade, echaza ukuba iiseli zomhlaza zibonakala zingavamile kwaye azifani namaseli ezinobomi.
Umdlavuza we-bladder we-low-grade unqabile ungasasazeka kwisangqa se-muscle, kanti umdlavuza ophakamileyo ophezulu unokwenzeka. Ngokubanzi, oku kuthetha ukuba umdlavuza wesibeletho esisezantsi uhlinzeka izigulana ithuba elingcono lokubuyiselwa.
ILizwi
Ukutshintsha umdlavuza wesantya kufuna ixesha kunye nomonde kunye nethemba lokuba indlela ehamba phambili ingaba nzima kumaxesha amaninzi. Kodwa kunye neqela elijongene nokukhathalela, wena okanye wakho othandekayo unokusingatha kakuhle oko kuza kuza. Hlala usebenza ngokubuza imibuzo uze uqiniseke ukuba uyaqhubeka ukhetha ukhetho olufanelekileyo imihla ngemihla.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Cancer Society. Yintoni iCladder Cancer? NgoJanuwari 2016.
> Dadhania V, Czerniak B, Guo CC. I-Adenocarcinoma yeBladder Bladder. Am J Clin Exp Urol . 2015; 3 (2): 51-63.
> McNeil, B. Iinkathelo Zokuqala-Ndiye Ndafunyaniswa Ngomdlavuza Wekram. KwiGonzalgo ML (Ed), Isikhokelo soMonde kwiCladder Cancer (1-6). EMassachusetts: uJones noBartlett Abapapashi. 2011.
> I-Sharma S, i-Ksheersagar P, kunye ne-Sharma P. Ukuxilongwa kunye noPiliso lweCancer Cancer. I-Phys Physician . 1; 80 (7): 717-23. Oktobha 2009.