Usulelo lwe-urinary (UTI) luyintsholongwane echaphazelekayo enokuchaphazela nayiphi na inxalenye yenkqubo yokucoca, kubandakanya izintso, isisu kunye ne-urethra (ityhubhu ephuma kuyo umchamo). Umsebenzi wesondo unobangela oqhelekileyo, nangona kungenjalo kuphela. Nangona amaninzi ama-60 ekhulwini kwabasetyhini baya kuba ne-UTI. Amadoda nabantwana banokuchaphazeleka.
Iimpawu zingabandakanywa ubuhlungu be-pelvic, ukunyusa ukwanda kwe-urinate, intlungu nge-urination, kunye negazi kumchamo. I-urinalysis isetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa i-UTI kunye neyeza-antibiotics ezisetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo eziphathekayo.
Nangona ubuninzi be-UTIs bungekho bunzulu, ezinye zikhokelela ekuphazamiseni intliziyo, ukukhulelwa kweengxaki, nokuxhalabisa ubomi obusongela ubomi. Ngethamsanqa, ezininzi zinokuphathwa kakuhle, kwaye izicwangciso zokuthintela zinokukunceda ukukhusela izifo ezizayo.
Iimpawu
Usulelo lwe-Urinary tract does not always cause signs. Xa zenza, zinokuchaphazela i-urinary tract tract (urethra ne-vestile) okanye i-upper tract (iiins). Ezi ziquka iintso ziba nzima kakhulu.
Imiqondiso neempawu ze-UTI zingaquka:
- Isikhuthazo sokuqhubeka ukuchama (ukuphuthuma kwe-urinary)
- Ukuvutha okanye intlungu xa uchama (i- dysuria )
- Ukuhamba rhoqo, iincinci zomchamo
- Ukucima umchamo (obangelwa ngumbhobho kumchamo, okanye i- pyuria )
- Ubomvu, obomvu, okanye umchamo obomvu (obangelwa igazi kumchamo, okanye i- hematuria )
- Umchamo onamandla
- Ubuhlungu bepelvic kubasetyhini
- I-Fever, isicupunu, kunye nokuhlanza (amaninzi ngenxa yesifo sengqondo)
Eyona nto ibonakalayo (kunye kwaye rhoqo) impawu kubantwana abancinci ngumkhuhlane. Ngokufanayo, xa sele bekhulile, iimpawu zihlala zilula kwaye zingabalulekanga, ezifana nokukhathala okanye ukungazinzi.
Ukuba ishiywe ingakhange ilandelwe, i-UTI ingakhokelela kwiimeko ezinqabileyo kodwa ezinzima, ezinjengezifo ezinzima okanye ezingapheliyo ezintsholweni (i- pyelonephritis ), ukuxinwa kwe-male urethra ( ukubethelwa ), ukuzalwa kwangaphambili, okanye ukubulala, ukuphika komzimba wonke obizwa ngokuba yi-inflammatory response sepsis .
Izizathu
Izifo zogqirha ze-Urinary zivela xa iibhaktheriya zingena kwi-urethra kwaye zifudukela kwi-bladder kunye neentso. Ngoxa i-immune system inokuthi iyanciphise le micimbi, kukho iimeko apho zingabamba kwaye ziphindwe zibe sisifo esipheleleyo.
Isizathu esiqhelekileyo se-UTIs kukudluliselwa kweebhaktheriya ukusuka kwi-rectum okanye kwi-vaginal ukuya kwi-urethra. Phantse iipesenti ezingama-80 zibangelwa yi- E. coli bhakteria eziqhelekileyo ezifumaneka kumathambo okanye emanzini. Abanye, njengoStaplanlococcus saprophyticus, bafumaneka ngokwemvelo kwisondo kwaye banokudluliselwa kwi-urethra ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo.
Phakathi kwezizathu eziqhelekileyo kunye nemingcipheko :
- I-female anatomy ibeka umfazi emngciphekweni omkhulu ngenxa yecala elifutshane ukusuka ekuvuleni kwe-urethra ukuya kwisibilini.
- Abasetyhini abasetyhini banomngcipheko omkhulu kunabesifazana abangabambanga ngesondo, benomngcipheko wokunyuka kwinqanaba lezesondo.
- Izifucu zingakhuthaza ukukhula kwe-coliform ibhaktheriya njengo- E. coli.
- Izibilini ze-Spermicidal zingabangela ukuvutha komzimba.
- I-prostate eyandisiweyo okanye amatye amatye angakuphazamisa ukugeleza komchamo kwaye avumele iibhaktheriya kwi-bladder ukusungula isifo.
- Amadoda angalukileyo angaba neebhaktheriya ezinobungozi ngaphantsi kwesikhumba.
- Isifo sikashukela sinokunyusa umchamo we-urine ukuba iibhaktheriya zondla.
- Ukunquma kwexesha kunokuguqula i-flora yokukhusela kwisisu.
- I-Catheters inokubangela ukuba sulele ukusuleleka ngenxa yokusetyenziswa okungekho oyinyumba okanye ixesha elide.
- I-Douching, i-tampons, kunye nezidumbu zezilwanyana zinganika iibhaktheriya ithuba lokuhlaselwa.
- Ukuqeqeshwa kwamathambo kunokukhokelela kwi-UTIs, ingakumbi kwimantombazana kodwa nakwababhinqa abangalukanga.
Kukho neemeko zezofuzo ezingadlulisela umntu kwisifo se-urinary infection.
Ukuxilongwa
Abo babenayo iTI ngaphambi kokuba baxele ukuba bayazi kakuhle xa kufika omnye. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphononongwa ngugqirha kuyimfuneko ngaphambi kokuba uqale unyango ukuqinisekisa ukuba umzingeli uchanekile.
Ukongezelela ukuphonononga iimpawu zakho, ugqirha unokusebenzisa uninzi lweemvavanyo eziqhelekileyo zokuhlola okanye iinkqubo ukuqinisekisa i-UTI:
- I-urinalysis ingakwazi ukujonga igazi, i-pus, i-glucose, kunye nezinye izinto ezingaqhelekanga kumchamo.
- Isiko lomchamo singasetyenziselwa ukuchonga ubunzima bebhakteria kumchamo.
- Ukucatshulwa kwemifanekiso yamagnetic (MRI) okanye i- computed tomography (CT) ingasetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ukungaqhelekanga kwiphepha le-urinary.
- I-cystoscope , ifowuni yokujonga i-flexible long, iyakwazi ukungeniswa kwi-urethra ukufumana imbono esondeleyo yebladder.
Uvavanyo olongezelelweyo lunokwenziwa ukuba lubone ukuba ngaba kukho ezinye iinguqu zempawu, eziquka isifo sovulo , i- cystitis yangaphakathi , okanye isifo esithathelwana ngesondo njengesi- gonorrhea okanye i- chlamydia (ingakumbi kubafana abaselula).
Unyango
Izifo ezithintekayo zokungena emanzini zilawulwa ngokuqhelekileyo ngekhosi emfutshane yezilwanyana zamachiza , kuquka:
- I-Trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX)
- Fosfomycin
- Nitrofurantoin
- Cephalexin
- Ceftriaxone
Ngokuxhomekeke ekukhethweni kweziyobisi kunye nokukhawuleza kunye / okanye ukuphindaphinda kokusuleleka, ubude bonyango bunokuba bufutshane nje ngeentsuku ezintathu okanye bude ngaphezu kweveki. Izifo ezithintekayo, ezinjengezo zichaphazela izintso, zingadinga ixesha elide lomlomo okanye i-antibiotics.
Ii-UTIs ezingenasifo (i-UTIs ngaphandle kwempawu) ayisoloko iphathwa. Okukuphela kwimeko ngexesha lokukhulelwa apho ikhosi yeentsuku ezi-sixhenxe ze-antibiotics inokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuzalwa kwangaphambi kokuzalwa kunye nokukhula okuphantsi.
Nangona zikho ezinye iindlela zokulungisa unyango lwe-UTI, ukutya okuninzi kwi-vitamin C kunokunceda ukukhusela iimpendulo zomzimba, ngelixa ijusi ye-cranberry engenamnandi ingakhokelela ukusekwa kwemisebenzi yengqondo.
Thintelo
Nangona ukusuleleka kwezigulane ze-urinary kuqhelekile, kukho izinto ongayenza ukuze unciphise kakhulu umngcipheko wakho. Ngokuqhelekileyo zibandakanya utshintsho ekuhlambulukeni kwakho kunye nemikhwa yokuziphatha.
Injongo ephambili kukukhusela ukuqaliswa kweebhaktheriya ezinobungozi kumgudu wakho wamanzi. Injongo yesibini kukugcina impilo yakho ye-urinary kunye nokwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane.
Ezinye zeendlela ezisebenzayo zokuthintela zibandakanya:
- Ukusela amanzi amaninzi-ubuncinane iiglasi ngosuku-ukukhuthaza ukucoka kunye neengxaki zempilo
- Ungalokothi ubambe umchamo
- Ukuhlambulula ububele bakho ngaphambi nangemva kwesondo; ukucima emva kwesondo ukuze uncede ukucacisa umchamo we-urinary
- Ukusebenzisa iikhondom
- Ukuphepha i- spermicides kunye neentsimbi
- Ukucima ukusuka phambili ukuya ngasemva ukuze ugweme ukutshintshwa kweebhaktheriya ze-feca ukusuka kwi-anus ukuya kwisini
- Ukucoca phantsi kwesibhokhwe imihla ngemihla, ukuba ungalukanga
- Ukugqoka iipotton ezinokuphefumula ngaphantsi kweengubo zokunciphisa ukunyuswa kwamanzi
ILizwi
Ukuba wena okanye umntu omthandayo ufumana iimpawu ze-UTI, yenza isigqibo sokuba ufumane ugqirha wezempilo oyintloko okanye u-OB / GYN unyango. Ukuyeka intsholongwane njengaleyo yodwa, nangona kunjalo, yinto engcono. Kwixesha elingavumelekanga, kunokukhokelela kwisifo esibi kakhulu esiya kuba nzima ukunyanga kodwa singabangela umonakalo osisigxina.
Ukuba uqala unyango lwe-antibiotic , ungalokothi unqande isigxina-nokuba impawu zakho zicacile. Ukwenza njalo kunokukhokelela ekuphuhliseni ibhaktheriya engaxhatshazwayo ye-antibiotic, okwenza kube nzima nakakhulu ukuphinda uphathe i-UTI ukuba ibuye kwakhona.
> Imithombo:
> Al-Badr. kunye no-Al-Shaikh I-Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J. 2013: 359-67.
> USolomon, C. Izifo zoThutho lweeUrinary kwiMadoda amadala. N Engl J Med . 2016; 374: 562-571. INGXELO: 10.1056 / NEJMcp1503950.
> Schwartz, B. (2014) Izifo zoTywala. Ku: Levinson, W. eds. Ukuphononongwa kwe-Medical Microbiology kunye ne-Immunology, 13e . ENew York, NY: iMfundo ye-McGraw-Hill.