Izifo ziyaqhubeka ziphakama njengoko ukuchasana kwamachiza okulwa namagciwane
I-Gonorrhea, eyaziwa nangokuthi "i-clap," isifo esithathelwana ngesondo (STD) esibangelwa yi- Neisseria gonorrhoeae ibhakteria. Nangona i-gonorrhea ingenza izibonakaliso kunye neempawu, kubandakanywa ukukhulelwa kwamanzi okanye i-penile kunye neentlungu xa ugonywa okanye ngexesha lesini, kudla ngokungafani nazo. Kule minyaka, ezi bhaktiriya ziye zaxhatshazwa kakhulu kwiinkqubo ezininzi zokulwa namagciwane.
Nangona i-dose enye ye-azithromycin kunye ne-ceftriaxone inokususa ezininzi iintsholongwane, ukuphindaphinda kuqhelekile. Ukuba ishiywe ingakhange ilandelwe, i-gonorrhea inokubangela iingxaki ezinzima kuquka ukutshatyalaliswa kwegazi, ukungabikho komzimba, isifo se-arthritis, kunye nokuba yimfama.
I-Gonorrhea ithinta amadoda kunye nabasetyhini kwaye ingahanjiswa kwiintsana ekuzalweni. Amatyala angaphezu kwama-800,000 axelwa kwi-United States ngamnye ngonyaka-kwaye izinga liyakhula.
Iimpawu
Ngokweengxelo ezivela kumaziko okuLawula nokuLawula (i-CDC), amaninzi engama-90 ekhulwini kwabasetyhini kunye nama-40 ekhulwini amadoda aphethwe yi- gonorrhea abayi kuba nempawu . Ukuba kubonakala iimpawu, ziza kuba zincinci kwaye zingezizo kwaye ziphosakele ngokugqithisileyo kwezinye izifo, kubandakanya ukusuleleka kwe-urinary tract, umgudu we-throp, isifo sovulo, okanye i-hemorrhoids.
Izimpawu eziqhelekileyo kubasetyhini ziquka:
- Ukukhutshwa kwamagciwane
- Ubuhlungu xa uchama
- Ukuhlamba phakathi kwamaxesha
- Isisu esiswini okanye intlungu yeplavic
Izimpawu eziqhelekileyo kumadoda ziquka:
- Ukukhutshwa okwesibhakabhaka oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ukusuka kumbindi
- Ubuhlungu xa uchama
- Ubuhlungu okanye ukuvuvukala kwi-scrotum okanye kumathambo
I-Pharyngeal (umphimbo) i-gonorrhea ingabangela umqala wesifo somzimba, nangona i-gonorrhea ye-rectal ibonakala ngokugqithiseleyo, ukuphazamiseka kunye nentlungu ngexesha lokunyakaza.
Ukusuleleka kweso kwinto enokwenzeka, okubangele iimpawu zesigxina (iso lesipinki).
Ukuba ishiywe ingaphathwa, i-gonorrhea ingabangela isifo se- pelvic (infidmatory disease) (i-PID) kwabasetyhini kunye ne- epididymitis kumadoda, ezo zombini zingakhokelela ekungabikho kwengqondo. Ngokuqhelekanga, ukusasazwa kwe-gonococcal infection (DGI) , i- meningitis , kunye neminye imiba enzulu ingenzeka.
I-Gonorrhea inokunyusa umngcipheko wokufumana i-HIV njengoko izicubu ezinama-mucosal ezivuthayo zenza ukuba intsholongwane ibe lula ukufikelela emzimbeni.
Iintsana ezisandul 'ukuzalwa zichazwe kwaye zisuleleke kwi-british ngexesha lokubeleka, maxa wambi zihlakulele isifo sobomi esibizwa ngokuba yi- ophthalmia neonatorum , leyo leyo, xa ingashiywanga ingagqithwanga, ingakhokelela ekuphumeni kunye nezinye iingxaki.
Izizathu
I-neisseria gonorrhoeae ibhetri iyadluliswa ngexesha lomlomo, ngesondo, okanye ngesondo. Ukutshintshwa komama kumntwana akuqhelekanga xa umntwana esesibelethweni. Kunoko, kwenzeka njengokuba usana ludlula kwinqanaba lokuzalwa.
Iimpawu, izifihla zesini, iimfihlo zomgca, kwaye, kumgama omncinci, ummatha ungabangela uxanduva lokusasazwa. I-Gonorrhea ayikwazi ukudluliselwa ngegazi okanye ubisi lwebele.
Imiba yengozi ye-gonorrhea iquka:
- Ubuncinci (abantu abaneminyaka engaphantsi kwe-25 abasengozini ngokwesini basengozini enkulu)
- Amaqela amaninzi ezesondo
- Ukusetyenziswa kwekhondom engahambisani
- Ukuba sele unesifo sosulelo lwegonorrheal
- Ukuba unezinye ii-STD kwixesha elidlulileyo
Ukuphindaphinda kufumaneke kubantu abaye baphathwa ngaphambili ngegonorrhea. Ucwaningo lweminyaka eyisixhenxe olwenziwa yi-US Army luchaze ukuba, phakathi kwabasebenzi be-17,602, i-13,4 ekhulwini yamadoda kunye nama-14,4 ekhulwini kwabasetyhini bafumana ubuncinane ubuncinane be-gonorrheal reinfection. Ngokungafani nezinye izifo ezixubileyo, ukuba unyango lwe-gonorrhea alinakukwazi ukukhusela ukhuselo.
Ukuxilongwa
Kukho iimvavanyo ezintathu ezisetyenziselwa ukuxilonga i-gonorrhea , nganye leyo inokusetyenziswa kwayo kunye nokulinganiselwa kwayo:
- Uvavanyo lwe-Nucleic acid ukukhulisa (NAAT) uvavanyo lofuzo olucetyiswayo kwi-line-diagnosis ye-gonorrhea engaxakekiyo yomlomo wesibeleko okanye isiswini okanye ipeni. Ngoxa i-NAAT ihamba ngokukhawuleza kwaye ichanekile, ayivunyelwanga ukuxilongwa kwe-rectal okanye i-pharyngeal gonorrhea.
- Iinkcubeko zeBacteria zingasetyenziselwa ukuxilonga i-gonorrhea yezilwanyana zomzimba, i-rectum, umphimbo kunye namehlo. Ngelixa luncedo, inkcubeko iyimfuneko ekhethekileyo, engeyiyo yokuzenzekelayo engahlawuliswa yiphutha lebhu kunye nokuqokelela isampula esifanelekileyo.
- I-Gram staining iyindlela yemveli yokuxilongwa apho idayi isetyenziselwa ukwahlula ibhaktheriya ngaphantsi kwe-microscope. Ngelixa inkqubo inokunikela isiphumo esiqinisekileyo kumadoda, akakwazi ukwenza njalo kubasetyhini.
Nangona ukuvavanywa kwamakhaya kuyafumaneka, ukuchaneka kwabo kuguquke kakhulu; Iphutha lomsebenzisi liqhelekile.
Unyango
Ngaphezulu kwexesha leminyaka engama-35 edlulileyo, iintlobo ze-gonorrhea ezijikelezayo ebantwini ziye zanyuka ngokunyanisekileyo kwi- antibiotics ezisetyenziselwa ukuphatha. Ukususela kuma-1980 xa i-penicillin ingasasebenzi ku-2012 xa i-tetracyclines engabonakali iyasebenza, unyango lwe-arsenal luye lwahlulwa phantsi kwezinto ezincinci kuphela ezinokuthi zicime le ntsho.
Kulo nyaka, ngo-2015, i-CDC icebise malunga nokusetyenziswa kwemithi ye-antibiotics kwi-monotherapy ukunyanga i-gonorrhea. Into abayifumene kukuba abantu babengagqiba unyango njengoko kuthethwe, kwaye kunokuba babulale ibhaktiriya, baye bavumela ukuba batshintshe kwaye baqhubeke bexhatshazwa-ukuxhathisa kwabo babedlula kwabanye.
I-CDC ixhasa ngokusetyenziswa kweyeza ezimbini ukunyanga i-gonorrhea engathandekiyo yomlomo wesibeleko, i-urethra, i-rectum, okanye umqala emphakathini kubantu abadala: inhlanganisela yesilathisi se-intramuscular ye- ceftriaxone kunye nomthamo womlomo we- azithromycin . Ngokuphelisa intsholongwane yesosi, kuninzi, i-CDC ithemba ukukhawuleza isantya soxhathiso oluphuhlisayo.
Ezinye iziza-antibiotics ziyafumaneka kulabo abachasayo kwizidakamizwa ezicetywayo. Amanani aphezulu okanye unyango olubanzi luya kufuneka kwiimeko ezifana ne-DGI kunye nokusuleleka kwegonococcal kweso. Uninzi olutsha luyakwazi unyango olulodwa, nangona usasazo olusasazeka lunokufuna ukuya kwi-14-day course ye-antibiotics.
ILizwi
Nangona ucinga ukuba ufumana i-gonorrhea inokukhuphaza, akufanele kukuyeke ukuthatha inyathelo xa ucinga ukuba unesifo. Ukuvavanywa kungenziwa ngokuyimfihlo kwaye iziphumo zinokubuyiselwa kwiintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwiintsuku.
Ekuqaleni ufumanisa ukuba ulungile ukuba ukhona, ekuqaleni ungaqala unyango. Oku akunakunciphisa kuphela umngcipheko wakho weengxaki kodwa ukusuleleka kwakho kwi-HIV . Ukuba iziphumo zibi, zinokukunceda ukuqinisa iinkqubo zesondo ezikhuselekileyo, kuquka ukusetyenziswa ngokuthe rhoqo kweikhondom kunye nokunciphisa inani labalingani bobulili.
Ukuze ufumane indawo yokuhlola kufuphi nawe, tyelela i-locator ye-intanethi ye-intanethi. Uninzi lweeklinikhi ezidwelisweyo zinikeza ukuhlaziywa kweendleko eziphantsi okanye ukungabi nindleko kubahlali abafanelekileyo.
> Imithombo:
> Bautista, C .; Wurapa, E .; Sateren, W. et al. Phinda usuleleke ngo-Neisseria gonorrhoeae phakathi kwabasebenzi basebenzi base-US basebenzayo: isifundo-sigaba se-case-series. Int J STD AIDS. 2017; 28 (10): 962-68. INGXELO: 10.1177 / 0956462416681940.
> Amasebe okuLawula nokuVimbela (iCCDC). 2015 Izifo ezithathelwana ngesondo ngesifo Izikhokelo zonyango: Izifo ezibangelwa yi-Gonococcal Infections. Atlanta, Georgia; kukhutshwa ngoJuni 4, 2015; hlaziywa ngoJanuwari 4, 2018.
> CDC. I-CDC Fact Sheet: Ii-STD ezixeliweyo e-United States, ngo-2016-Umthwalo ophezulu we-STDs Usongela Izigidi zabantu baseMerika. Kukhishwe ngoSeptemba 2017.
> CDC. Idatha yakutshanje kwi-Gonorrhea ye-Antibiotic-Resistant. "NgoJuni 14, 2016.
> Lee, K .; Ngo-Metzger, Q. Wolff, T. et al. Izifo ezithathelwana ngesondo: Iziphakamiso ezivela kwi-US Preventive Services Task Force. I-Phys Physician. 2016; 94 (11): 907-915.