I-Gram staining inkqubo yenkqubo ye-microbiological eyahlula ibhaktheriya esekelwe kwisakhiwo somzimba kunye nemichiza yomhlaba ongaphandle. Oku kwenziwa kuphela ngesilayidi, i-microscope, kunye namacwecwe. Le nkqubo isetyenziselwa ukufumanisa kunye nokuchongwa kweebhaktheriya kokubini kuphando kunye neelabhu zezibhedlele.
I-Gram-Positive ne-Gram-Negative
Iibhaktheriya zihlukaniswe ngokungafaniyo kwiintlobo ezimbini, igram-positive kunye ne-gram-negative.
- Iibrteria ezinokwenziwa kwegrama zinomqolo oqingqiweyo olwenziwa ngama-polymers e-protein-sugar molecules ebizwa ngokuba yi-peptidoglycan. Ugqabha lwegram ye-peptidoglycan (uluhlu lwamaseli) kunye nekhemikhali ebizwa ngokuthi i-crystal violet ibangela umbala obomvu we-britriya-positive. Ukongezwa kwe-acetone okanye utywala kutywala ibhaktheriya, okwenza ukuba kugcinwe umbala obomvu.
- Iibrteria ezingenayo i-Gram-negative ine-membrane yangaphandle eyongezelelweyo eneendawo ezichasene ne-acetone / i-alcohol-dehydration kwaye kubangele ukulahlekelwa kwebala le-crystal violet. I-counterstain, eyenziwe nge-fuchsin, ibonakalisa ezi bhakteria ezibomvu okanye ezipinki.
Uvavanyo luquka ukujonga ibhaktheriya kwisilayidi phantsi kwe-microscope. Iibhaktheriya ziyabonwa phantsi kwe-microscope ukuba zonakalise. Ezi bhaktheriya zingaqokelelwa kwiisampuli - ezifana nomchamo, i-sputa kunye negazi. Ezi sampuli zisetyenziselwa ukuchonga ukuba iibhaktheriya ziyinxalenye ethile yomzimba. Izifo zihlala zihlala kwindawo enye yomzimba - njenge-bladder, imiphunga, okanye ithambo, i-gallbladder, isikhumba.
Ezinye iintsholongwane zenziwa ngokubanzi kwaye zisasazeka kulo lonke igazi.
Ezi zintsholongwane ezinobumba obomvu zigram positive; ezo ziphazamisa i-pinkish zigrime. Yindlela elula yokwazi ulwazi olubalulekileyo. Isitshela ukuba luhlobo luni lwangaphandle lokukhusela ibhaktheriya. Oku kunceda oogqirha ukuba banqume ukuba zeziphi i-antibiotics ezisebenzisayo kwaye zeziphi iibhaktheriya ezisisigxina sosulelo-njengoko ezinye iintsholongwane kulindeleke ukuba ziphathe ngokwahlukileyo kunabanye.
Ezinye iibhaktheriya zi-gram ezilungileyo, njengeStaph Aureus (kuquka i- MRSA ) kunye ne-britter Strep . Ezinye iibhaktheriya zigram - njengeSalmonella , iShigella , kunye nezinye iibhaktheriya . (Uhlobo lwama-bacteria olwenza i-gonorrhea kunye nesimo esisongelayo se-bacterial meningitis, i-Meninogococcus, igram hasi. Ezinye iibhaktheriya azifani kakuhle nesimo segrama, kodwa luncedo kwiintlobo ezininzi zebhaktheriya.
Iintlobo zentsholongwane zihlala zibangelwa zigrama ezingenanto okanye izigulane ezintle, kodwa zinokubangelwa olunye uhlobo okanye olunye. I-pneumonia ingabangelwa nantoni na, kodwa abaninzi banokugula ngenxa yezifo ezigulane ezibangelwa yi-Strep bactteria. Izifo ezithintela i-Urinary Tract zivame ukubangelwa zizifo ezigwenxa. Kukho ezinye ezininzi iintlobo zezifo ezithintekayo ezinokuthi zininzi kakhulu kwigram okanye igram.
Ukwazi ukuba uhlobo olungaziwa lweebhaktheriya lugaxekile okanye luhle lungabangela ukuchonga ibhaktheriya. Oogqirha badla ngokuqikelela ukuba zeziphi izifo isiguli. Ngokuqhelekileyo kufuneka baphathe kakubi, njengoko sithethayo, singakwazi ngokuchanekileyo oko kubangela ukusuleleka kwaye yiyiphi i-antibiotics engcono. Ukwazi i-gram status stain help.
Iibhaktheriya ezahlukeneyo ziphendula kumachiza ahlukeneyo.
I-Gram efanelekileyo negram echaphazelekayo i-bacteria ngokukhethekileyo isabela ngokwahlukileyo kwii-antibiotics ezahlukeneyo. Ukwazi ukuba iibhaktheriya igram neg okanye pos inganceda ukunquma ukuba yeyiphi i-antibiotics eya kusebenza.
Ukubola kwegram kungenziwa kwiibhubhoratri ngaphandle kwemithombo eninzi. Kudinga kuphela i-microscope, i-slides, i-stains, kunye nomntu owaziyo ukwenza i-spam stain.