Ungeke ucinge ngepeni lakho kakhulu, kodwa likhangele kuwe. Ukuba awunayo, kukho ezinye izinto ozaziyo ukuba uzigcine ukhuselekile kwizifo.
Yenzani Ingwenya Yakho?
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ipeni yakho, isakhiwo esicwangcisiweyo sesine-intshi e-4 intshi esekelwe kwicala lesobunxele lentambo yakho yembambo, inxalenye yenkqubo yakho yegazi kunye nesistim somzimba. Inceda ukugcina umyalelo weeseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi kunye neeseli ezimhlophe zegazi.
Ngamanye amagama, isebenza njengesihlungi segazi. Ikhupha amangqamuzana ebomvu yamagazi kwaye igcinwe kwindawo yokugcina yamaseli egazi abomvu ukukhupha kwimeko engxamisekileyo, kunye ncedisa ukubuyisela insimbi.
Olunye umsebenzi: i-spleen yakho inokwenza i-antibodies ukuba isuse amabhaktheriya kunye nawaphi na amaseli agqitywe kuma-antibodies. Le ncinane yokugqibela inceda ukugcina imizimba yethu ikhululekile kwii-pathogens.
Kuyacaca ukuba, xa singenalo lungu, sisengozini kakhulu kwiibhaktheriya, ingakumbi uhlobo olukhethekileyo lweebhaktheriya ezibizwa ngokuba yi-bacteria ekhethiweyo ngenxa yokuba ine-carbohydrate ekhethekileyo (i-polysaccharide) ejikelezileyo. Ungayilahleka njani ipeni yakho, nangona kunjalo?
Ngubani Obeka Ipeni Yabo?
Kukho izizathu ezintathu ezibangela ukuba abantu bangenayo ipeni yabo:
- Ingozi okanye ingozi
- Isifo seSille Cell Disease auto-splenectomy
- Unyango lwesinye isifo
I-Trauma: Isizathu esivakalayo sokuba utyana lwakho lususwe ngokugqithiseleyo luyingozi. Oku kudla ngokuba ngenxa yeengozi zemoto nezithuthuthu kunye nokuwa, ukulwa, kunye nokulimala kwezemidlalo.
Ipenisi yinto ewonzakele kakhulu kwiimeko eziphazamisayo zesisu (1 kwimiba engama-4 enjalo inzakalo ithintela ipeni). Kwiingozi zeemoto, ukulimala okunjalo kunokudibaniswa nokufakwa okungalunganga kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-seatbelt. Kwakhona kukho iziganeko zokubethelwa kunye nezibhamu ezingalimaza intyana kodwa le nto ingaqhelekanga.
Ayikho yonke umonakalo kwipeni idinga ukuhlinzwa. Abagqirha baya kuhlala bejonge ukuze babone indlela umntu kunye nomonakalo oqhubeka ngayo, ukuba akuyonto engxamisekileyo, ngaphambi kokuthatha isigqibo sokuya kutyando.
Iseli yesifo: I- Autosplenectomy yenzeka kwisifo segciwane lesigane. E-US, abantu abayi-100,000 banesitya segulane. Ehlabathini lonke, ngaphezu kwesigidi. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeSelle Cell. Ukwahluka kwezi ntlobo kuxhomekeke kwiinguqu zemizimba ekhoyo. Ukulahlekelwa kwepeni kubonakala ngokuqhelekileyo kwindawo eqhelekileyo yeSelle Cell: isifo seHemoglobin SS. Isifo se-Hemoglobin SS siphumela ekubeni neikopi ezimbini ze-hemoglobin S gene change. Kulo hlobo, abantu bahlala belahleka ipeni yabo kwinkqubo ebizwa ngokuthi "autosplenectomy." Kukho iziganeko ezingaqhelekanga kwezinye izifo ezenza inkqubo efanayo.
Ukunyangwa kwesinye isifo, njengesifo esizimele: Abanye baye baphuhliswa ukuba baphathe isigulo, ngokukodwa isifo esisodwa. I-Splenectomy isetyenziselwa ukuphatha isifo esisodwa esinqabileyo ngokukhethekileyo-imimune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Kule sifo, isistim somzimba sokulwa nomzimba ngokubhekisele ngeentlobo zeeplatelets. Oku kuthetha ukuba imizimba yethu ayinayo esinye sezixhobo abayidingayo ukuvala ukuyeka igazi.
Abo bachaphazelekayo ngamajoni omzimba bahamba ngokungafani nale nto banokuba nemivimbo kwaye baphume ngokulula. Basenokuba neendawo ezibomvu kwiimilenze zabo. Esi sifo singahamba sisodwa, kodwa abanye badinga unyango. Ukuba ayifuni kwaye amayeza akwanele, ngamanye amaxesha ukususa ipeni yongenelelo enceda.
Kukho ezinye iingxaki ezingaphathwa nge-splenectomy. Ngamanye amaxesha i-splenectomy iyadingeka kuba umntu unesifo se-anemia (ubuncinane beeseli ebomvu) ngenxa yokutshatyalaliswa kwamaseli abo abomvu. Oku kungenziwa ngenxa yeengxaki ezahlukeneyo ezinjenge-inherited spherocytosis okanye i-hemolytic anemia (AIHA).
I-Splenectomy ngamanye amaxesha, kodwa kungekho rhoqo, ukuyeka ukuphazamiseka kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi xa unyango okanye ezinye iyeza zingasebenzi.
Kukho ezinye iinjongo zokutshatyalaliswa kwe-splenectomy. Nangona ingaqhelekanga, abanye baye bafumana i-splenectomies ukuba baphathe i-thalassemia kunye ne-thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) ye-thrombocytopenic purpura. Ngamanye amaxesha i-splenectomies yenziwa ngenxa yokuba ipeni yayiphezulu kakhulu kwesinye isifo . Kwaye kwenziwa ngamanye amaxesha kwinqanaba lokuxilongwa kwe-Hodgkin's lymphoma ukuze kuthathe isigqibo sokuba unyango olungcono lomhlaza.
Abantu abangaba ngu-22,000 balahlekelwa ipeni ngokuhlinzwa rhoqo ngonyaka e-US
Uthando olunjani?
Utyando lokususa ipeni yakho kuthiwa yi- splenectomy . E-US, ngokuqhelekileyo kwenziwa nge-laproscopically (kunye nekhamera kunye nemibono embalwa kakhulu). Ukuba usempilweni, usenokushiya esibhedlele ngosuku olufanayo uze uphinde ufumaneke kwiiveki ezimbini.
Indlela Yokuzikhusela Kwiintsholongwane Ngaphambi Kokuvulwa
Abantu abangenayo i-spleens banokuguga kwiintlobo ezithile zebhaktheriya, ingakumbi ibhaktheriya eneenkcukacha (iibhaktheriya ezinomxholo we-carbohydrates). Kufuneka ugonywe ngaphambi kokuba utyunjiswe, ukuba kulungiswe ukuhlinzwa. Uninzi lwe-splenectomi luyenziwa njengongxamiseko emva kokusasazeka kunye nokucwangciswa okucwangcisiweyo akusoloko kunokwenzeka.
Ukuba kunokwenzeka, kufuneka ube neentsholongwane ezimbini kwiiveki ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa okucwangcisiweyo. Ukuba unobungozi bokukhawuleza kwaye awukwazanga ukugonywa kwangaphambili (okanye izitofu zange zenziwe ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ngenxa yesinye isizathu), kufuneka ugonywe emva koko. Izitofu kufuneka zinike iiveki ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu emva kokuhlinzwa, kodwa ungalindi ixesha elide.
Ziziphi izitofu omele uzifumane?
Kukho izinto ezine kufuneka ufumane iigonti ezichasene nazo:
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Haemophilus influenzae
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Influenza
Kumele ugonywe kuzo zonke izifo oza kuthi ugonywe ngazo ngokuqhelekileyo, njengemasisi, ama-mumps, rubella, varicella kunye neetetus. Kufuneka uxoxe nodokotela wakho okanye omnye ugqirha wezokwelapha malunga nokuba ufuna ukuphinda uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde ufune inguqulo eyahlukileyo yezinye zezi zitofu.
I-Neisseria meningitidis (N. meningitidis): Yiyo ibhaktheriya enokubangela ukuba i-meningitis kunye / okanye i-sepsis. Isitofu esiphezulu sisigxina. Koko kukuthi; ikhusela emimini emine ye-N. meningitidis (i-Serogroups A, C, W-135, kunye neY). Ishiya i-B ingafunyanwanga ukuba ingagcinwanga ngqo. I-Serogroup X ayiqhelekanga kwaye ayinaso isitofu esipheleleyo.
I-H. influenzae uhlobo b (Hib): Le bhaktheriya yayisisona sizathu esiphezulu se-meningitis ye-bacterial in kids ngaphantsi kwe-5 de i-vaccine iqale ukusebenzisa. Kwakhona kubangela ukuphazamiseka kwemiphunga nokuphuphuma komhombo kunye nezifo ezinokuthi zibe nzima. Ininzi kakhulu isifo kwabantwana, kodwa nabani na ongenapestile kufuneka bagonywe.
I-Streptococcus pneumoniae (Strep pneumo): Zininzi iintlobo ze-Strep pneumo, njengoko ibizwa rhoqo. Yiyiphi intlobo okhuselweyo ngayo kuxhomekeke kulophi ugonywayo ofumanayo. I-PCV 7 ikhusela iintlobo ezi-7; I-PCV 13 malunga ne-13; I-vacysaccharide vaccine i-PPSV23 ikhuselwe malunga nama-23 kodwa impendulo yomzimba ayizange ibe namandla kwaye ikhusele.
I-Influenza: Uzakufuna ukufumana isifo sokugonya umkhuhlane minyaka yonke. Kukukukhusela kwizifo ezithintela kubhaktheriya, njengalezo ezibangela ukuphazamiseka komngcipheko, apho usengozini yokuba ugule ngumkhuhlane. Abaninzi abafa ngenxa yentsholongwane nabo bafa ngenxa yokusuleleka kwebhaktheriya ekuhlaseleni xa ukukhuselwa komzimba wamaphaphu kuphepheni kwaye kuphelelwa ngumkhuhlane.
Ngaba Kukhona Ingozi Yokukhathazeka Ngexesha Xa Uhamba?
Ukuba uhamba unokuhlangabezana nezimbungulu ongeke uyenze. Unokuhlala kwindawo ethile enezibubu ezahlukeneyo kunezinye iindawo. Kukho izifo ezithe zafumana ingozi enkulu. Ukuba uhamba eNtshona Afrika, qiniseka ukuba ugonywe malunga ne-meningococcal meningitis kwaye ukuba izitofu zifikelele ngoku. (Ukukhuselwa kwe-Vaccine akuhlali ixesha elide njengoko singathanda). Ngokufanayo, isitofu sokugonywa kwe-pneumococcal asifihla zonke iintlobo kwaye ungabonakaliswa kwintlobo eyahlukileyo xa uhamba.
Kananjalo nawe unokuba mngcipheko omkhulu kwimeko enzulu ye- malariya ukuba unalo i-pen. Qinisekisa ukuba ube ne-malaria prophylaxis xa uhamba apho ungase ube mngciphekweni kwaye uqaphele ngokugqithiseleyo ukukhusela ummi .
Ngokufanayo, ukuba uhlala okanye uhambe kwiindawo apho iBabesia ifunyenwe khona, uya kuba yingozi enkulu xa ungenayo ipeni. Oku kuya kukodwa kwiNantucket okanye kuMdiliya WaseMidiya eMassachusetts, kodwa kunye neBlock Island kwiRhode Island naseShelter Island, Fire Island, naseMpumalanga Long Island-yonke inxalenye yeNew York State. I-parasite iyakwenzeka nakwezinye iindawo zala mazwe nakweminye imimandla ye-Northeast kunye ne-Midwest ephezulu, kuquka iNew Jersey, i-Wisconsin, ne-Minnesota. Kukho iimeko ezingabonakaliyo (ezinzulu) kunye naseYurophu. I-Babesia inokuthi idibanise kwiimeko ezinqabileyo nazo zisasazwa ngegazi.
Kwakhona, abanye abangenayo i-spleen banokuthi banelungelo lokuba ne-thrombosis ye-veins okanye enye i-clot xa behamba ngeenqwelo ezindizayo okanye bahamba. Ukuba uya kuhamba, xela ugqirha okanye omnye umqeqeshi wezempilo malunga nale disorder kunye nayiphi na ingozi onokujamelana nayo.
Ezinye iinkxalabo
Umele uthethe ugqirha wakho okanye uchwepheshe wezokwelapha malunga nendlela yokusingatha impilo yakho yemihla ngemihla.
Abanye abantu abangenayo ityha, ingakumbi abantwana, bathathe i-antibiotics ethile ngosuku ngalunye kwisicelo sabo sobugqirha. Iingeniso kunye neengxaki ezi zinto kufuneka zixoxwe kunye nogqirha wakho okanye omnye umqeqeshi wezempilo. Ukuthatha iintsholongwane rhoqo kunokufumana imiphumo engalindelekanga . Unokuhlakulela ukuchaswa kwamachiza okanye ukufumana izifo ezenzekayo xa iintsholongwane zethu eziqhelekileyo zipheliswa kwaye zingashiywa zingakhange zihlolwe, ngoko kubalulekile ukuthetha nochwepheshe bezonyango malunga nalokhu.
Abanye baphatha i-antibiotics kunye nabo abayifumayo ngokukhawuleza ukuba bahlakulela umkhuhlane okanye bayagula. Bese befuna unyango ngokukhawuleza. Ukunyango okukhawulezayo kunokukunceda ukukhuselwa sisifo sokubulala.
Omnye umngcipheko wosulelo olunzulu uvela kwibhaktheriya ebizwa ngeCapnocytophagia. Yimbangela engavamile yokusuleleka kubantu abaneentsholongwane kodwa ingaba yintsholongwane enkulu kunomntu ongenapestile. Ngokuqhelekileyo ngenxa yokuluma inja, nangona ngezinye iinkhathi ikati iyabetha. Iimpawu ziqala ngokuqhelekileyo ngenye imini, ngoko kufuneka ulungele ukuba inja ithole ukuba ifune unyango (kwaye iyakuthatha i-antibiotics efana ne-penicillin kunye nezinye iziza-antibiotic eziqhelekileyo ezingaphatha unyango).
Abantu Benza Njani Kwixesha Elide?
Inzululwazi yajonga emva kwamajoni alahlekelwa yiyo kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Bafumene ukuba kuma-740 ase-American servicemen alandelwa ukuba abaninzi bahlala ubomi obude. Nangona kunjalo, beye banda ukufa ngenxa yempumoniya (mhlawumbi i-Strep pneumo infections) kunye nesifo senhliziyo yesifo (intliziyo yesifo, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba ukususa i-spleens yabo kwatshintshile inkqubo yabo yegazi kwaye kubangele ukuba bavale ngaphezulu, okuyiyo yecala elichaphazelekayo elichaphazelekayo) .
Kuthiwani Ukuba Unayo Ibhola Elikhulu?
Ukuba nepleen enkulu kuthiwa yi-splenomegaly. Yinto into ugqirha okanye omnye ugqirha ogqirha kufuneka akhangele.
Kukho izizathu ezininzi ezenza ukuba i-spleen ingene enkulu. Enye yezona eziqhelekileyo yi-mono (mononucleosis ebangelwa yi-EBV, i-Epstein Barr Virus).
Kukho abo banomdla omkhulu ngenxa yeemeko zegazi abazalelwe ngazo, njengethalassemia okanye i-sarcoid. Abanye banesiphelo esikhulu ngenxa ye-lymphoma okanye i-leukemia (umhlaza wegazi) okanye i-hemolytic anemia (apho amaseli obomvu atshabalaliswa). Abanye bahlakulela ekubeni nesifo sesibindi (njengengxowankulu yegazi).
Ngaba Unako Ukufumana Uninzi Lwedela?
Ewe, ewe. Abanye abantu banamaqela angaphezu kweyodwa. Abanye bazalwa nge-polysplenia (okanye i-multiple spleens) enokuthi ihambelane nezinye iimeko zokuzala (okanye iingxaki zonyango ekuzalweni). Abanye baphela kunye ne-spleen yabo ehlukeneyo ukusuka kwabanye; Oku kudla ngokuba "i-spleen yereythi" ephumela kwi-trauma (kuquka ukusukela kwindlela yokuhlinzwa, kwanokuvela kwi-splenectomy).
> Imithombo:
> I-Robinette CD, iFraumeni JF. I-Splenectomy kunye nokufa kwangoku kwabalandeli be-1939-45 imfazwe. Lancet. 1977; 2 (8029): 127-9.
> Watters JM, Sambasivan CN, Zink K, et al. I-Splenectomy ikhokelela ekuhlaleni okuqhubekayo kokuxhatshazwayo emva kwexinzelelo. Am J Surg. 2010; 199 (5): 646-51.
> CDC. Ukugonywa kwe-Asplenia.
> Halpert B, Alden ZA. Indawo yokufikelela ifakwe okanye kumsila wepakreas: uphononongo lwee-2,700 ezongezelelweyo. Arch Pathol. 1964; 77: 652-654.