Ukuba uhamba, ungalibali i-malaria yakho
Unyaka ngamnye, malunga ne-1,700 izifo ze-malariya ziyaxelwa e-US, ngokwemiGangatho yokuLawula nokuVikela (CDC). Esi sifo, esake satshatyalaliswa, sabuya ngenxa yezihambi ezazisusa phesheya kwezilwandle.
Namhlanje, abahambi bangathatha ingqalelo ngokuthatha amachiza ukukhusela i-malaria-prophylaxis. Abahambi bafanele babone uchwepheshe wezokwelapha kwiprophylaxis ngaphambi kokuhamba.
I-Malaria yisifo esibalulekileyo. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ichaphazela abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-200 ngonyaka, kubangele ukufa kwabangama-600,000.
Ababoneleli ngezempilo baya kunika iziyobisi ezahlukeneyo ngokusekelwe kwindawo yokuya kwindawo. Ezi zi yobisi ziquka: i-Malarone, i-Doxycycline, i-Chloroquine, i-Mefloquine, ne-Primaquine. Nganye isebenza ngokuhlukileyo. Abanye basebenza kwiintlobo ezithile zePlasmodium ezenza i-malaria ( P. falciparum , P. vivax , P. ovale , P. malariae , P. knowlesi). Ezinye iintlobo azixhatshali kumachiza athile. I-knowlesi yeP isanda kuba yingxaki kunye naseMalaysia.
Uninzi lwe-malariya e-US luvela kwiindawo eziya e-Afrika, ngakumbi kwiNtshona Afrika. Elona lizwe eliqhelekileyo elilodwa apho i-malaria ifumaneka ngabahambi base-US, nangona kunjalo, eNdiya. Isifo sifumaneka nakwiindawo zaseLatin America, eChina, e-Indonesia nakwezinye iindawo. Amazwe angenayo i-malaria kuwo onke; Iindawo eziphakamileyo, amazulu, amaxesha ashushu, kunye neenkqubo zokuphelisa i-malaria zingagcina i-malaria ikhutshwe.
I-CDC inika ulwazi ngababoneleli ngezezempilo malunga naziphi iziyobisi ezisebenza kwilizwe ngalinye.
Nazi ezinye zeengcamango ezenza umngcipheko we-malaria ube ngumngcipheko:
Iingoma 1: Ndiyakwazi nje ukuthatha ingcamango ukuba ndigula.
I-Malaria yisifo esibulalayo. I-Falciparum i-malaria ingakhokelela ngokukhawuleza izifo ezinokulahlekelwa yintliziyo, ukuphazamiseka, ukutshitshiswa, ukuhluleka kwezintso, ukuphefumula ubunzima, okanye ukubetha.
Ukunyamekela okunyanzelisiweyo kunokuthetha ukuba iziphumo ezimbi, ezinokuthi ukufa.
Amayeza kufuneka aqhutywe ngamanye amaxesha emva kweeveki ezine emva kokubuya. Nangona uvakalelwa kakuhle, unokuhlakulela iiveki ze-malaria, iinyanga, okanye nangomnyaka kamva. Amachiza akufanele ayeke. Kungaba nzima ukufumana unyango kunye nokunakekelwa unyango olufunekayo kwi-malariya. Kungcono ukusebenzisa i-prophylaxis kunokubeka umngcipheko ukugula kwangempela.
Inkolelo-mfundiso yesi-2: Ndiya kuqala iyeza xa ndifika khona.
Amanye amayeza e-malaria kufuneka athathwe kwisinye kwiiveki ezimbini ngaphambi kokufika. (Mefloquine, Chloroquine)
Inkolelo-mfundiso yesithathu: Kuthatywe kakhulu ukuqala imil. Ndihamba ngokukhawuleza.
Amanye amayeza anokuqalisa enye ukuya kweentsuku ezimbini ngaphambi kokushiya. (Doxycycline, Malarone, Primaquine)
Inkolelo-ze-4: Ndine-malaria ngaphambili, ndiya kulungile.
Ukuphela kokuba ne-malaria kanye okanye kabini engenzi i-immunity.
Emva kwezifo ezininzi eziphindaphindiweyo ngexesha lobuncinci, abanye bahlakulela umgudu wokuzikhusela komzimba, kodwa ukukhuseleka kukucatshulwa xa umntu eshiya indawo ye-malaria kwaye akaphindanga kuphinda ahlaselwe. Abanye abanayo malaria ngokwaneleyo amaxesha okuphucula umzimba owaneleyo kwaye ngoko basengozini nangakhathaliseki.
Nabo abo banezifo ezithintelayo kwi-malariya banokufumana i-malariya, njengabantu abanesitya segrey.
Inkolelo-5: Ndiya ekhaya, ngoko ndiza kulungile.
Ingxenye yamatyala e-malariya e-US aphakathi kwalawo abuyele kwilizwe lawo elivela kuyo aze atyelele abahlobo kunye nosapho. Abafuduki bokuqala nabesibini abasemngeni basengozini enkulu. Kwaye abo bahlakulela umkhuhlane oyingcipheko ebuntwaneni baya kuba mngciphekweni.
Inkolelo-mfundiso 6: Ndiyakwazi ukusebenzisa i-malaria ingcamango endinayo kwenye indawo.
Iindawo ezahlukeneyo zifuna imilu eyahlukileyo. Ezinye iindawo zinezichasti zamachiza. Ezinye iindawo zineentlobo ezahlukileyo ezifuna imida eyahlukileyo.
Inkolelo-mfundiso yesi-7: Imiphumo emibi ayifanelekanga.
Ukuba uya kuba ngumngcipheko wangempela we-malariya, iil meds zifanelekile.
I-Malaria ibulala abantu abangaphezu kwama-600,000 ngonyaka. Le yiphumo elibi kakhulu lokungathathi imichiza. Ukuba ufuna iyeza, unayo imithi. Imichiza eyahlukileyo ineempembelelo ezahlukeneyo. Enye yezona zinto zithintela iziphumo zempembelelo ziye zenziwa ngamaphulo kunye nezinye iinkxalabo zempilo yengqondo kunye neengqondo ezinxulumene ne-mefloquine. Le miphumo ingagwenywa ikakhulu ngokuthatha ezinye iziyobisi, ezingahambelaniyo. I-Chloroquine ayidla ngokukhawuleza ihambelana nemiphumo yesifo sengqondo.
Ezinye iziyobisi nazo zinokudityaniswa nezinye iziphumo. I-Doxycycline inokubangela ukuba kuqaphele ukushisa kwelanga kunye neengxaki zesisu. I-Primaquine yinkathazo kulabo abane-G6PD. Imiphumo echaphazelekayo yeziyobisi ingagwenywa ngokukhetha imveliso eyahlukileyo. Amachiza ayeninzi, ahluke kakhulu. Iziphumo ezivela kumnye aziguquleli kwimiphumo emibi kwezinye iziyobisi. Xoxa nodokotela wakho umngcipheko we-malaria kunye neyeza ezifumanekayo ukuba wenze okulungileyo.
Iingoma 8: Amachiza aya kundenza i-hallucinate.
Kukho imileri eyahlukileyo yemiphumo eyahlukileyo. I-Mefloquine, ngokukodwa, inokubangela ukuba utshintsho lweenkqubo zeentsholongwane kunye nemiphumo yempilo yengqondo. Abanye banqabile ukuba banemiphumo yesifo sengqondo evela kwi-chloroquine. Ezinye iziyobisi zingathathwa ukuba oku kukuxhalabisa.
Inkolelo-mfundiso 9: Andiyi kukufumana ukuluma kwemiyane.
Abaninzi abaqapheli ukuba bangaphi ubuhlungu bokulunywa. Insect repellant yedwa ayinakukuthintela yonke into. Kwiindawo ezinomgangatho ophezulu we-malaria, oku kunokuba yingozi. Nangona kunjalo, inambuzane ephikisayo ne-DEET, yokulala phantsi kweenetha zombhede kunye nezikrini zewindow, nokukhusela amachibi amancinci amanzi asinceda.
Inkolelo-mfundiso ye-10: I-Malaria meds ayikwazi ukuthathwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
Enyanisweni, i-malaria iyona yimbi ngakumbi ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Kukho iziyobisi ezingasetyenziswa njengeprophylaxis ekukhulelweni.