Ufanele utyelele ugqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuthatha nayiphi na ihambo ekude. Ezi zezi ezinye zitofu angathanda ukuba uziqwalasele:
Tyhafile
I-Typhoid yintsholongwane evamile kunye neyingozi enkulu kwihlabathi jikelele. Isasazeka xa kungonelisekanga, akukho zindlu zangasese ezihlambulukileyo, kunye nokutya okungcolileyo kunye namanzi. Ingabangela imfiva eqhubekayo, intlungu yesisu, isifo sohudo okanye ukuzithemba, ukulahleka kwesidlo, isisu, kunye nokugqithisa.
I-typhoid ingaba yingozi kwaye ingadinga ukutyunjwa kwesisu esiphuthumayo.
Ngokukodwa kwi-Asia-mpuma ye-Asia, i-Typhoid iyanqanda kakhulu kwi-antibiotics. Unyango, nangona lukhona, alukwazi ukusebenza. Kungcono ukuzama ukuthintela usuleleko ngokugonywa ngaphambi kokuhamba ukuya kwiindawo ezininzi zase-Asia, Afrika, okanye kwiCentral okanye eMzantsi Melika.
I-Hepatitis A
I-Hepatitis A idluliselwa ngamanzi angcolileyo okanye ukutya, ngokukodwa i-shellfish okanye ukutya okuthintekayo ngumpheki okanye omnye umfama ogulayo. Kwenzeka kwakhona apho ukucoceka nokuhlambulula isandla kungakhuseli kulo. Ingumhlaza obangela izifo zesibindi ezibonakaliswa ngumkhuhlane omncinci, intlungu kunye kunye neentlungu, isifo sohudo, kwaye emva koko ubuhlungu besisu, umchamo omnyama, izitofu eziluhlaza, kunye nebala eliphuzi kunye nolusu-lubonwa phantsi kolwimi.
I-hepatitis B
I-Hepatitis B iyisifo esingabangela umonakalo omkhulu wesibindi ogqithiswayo ngegazi, ukulala ngesondo okanye iinaliti.
Abo balala ngesondo kunye nomlingane omtsha, basebenze kwiklinikhi yezokwelapha, bacwangcise itekisi okanye ukubhoboza, okanye baceba ukuba nenkqubo yonyango kufuneka igonywe. I-vaccine iyinto eqhelekileyo ekuzalweni okanye ebuntwaneni base-US kunye nabantu abadala abaninzi abangagonyanga bayakhuthazwa rhoqo ukuba bagonywe.
Rabies
IiRabi ziyintsholongwane evela kwiindlovu, ukuxoka, ukukhawulwa, okanye olunye uqhagamshelwano nezilwanyana ezikhuselweyo kunye / okanye umlenze wazo. Kukho unyango oluncinci ukwenzela ukuba ugonywa kwangaphambili, kunye nokuvezwa kwithuba emva kweempawu, kubalulekile.
Intsholongwane (kwaye ngamanye amaxesha isifo esifanayo, esibangelwa intsholongwane) ifunyanwe kwizinja kunye neentlobo kwiindawo zaseAfrika, e-Asia, naseMbindi naseMzantsi Melika. Inokufumaneka nakwezinye izilwanyana, ukusuka kwiikati ukuya kuma-weasles ukuya kwiinkwenkwezi. E-US, iikati ziyakwazi ukuba neerbies kunezinja . Ininzi yeYurophu, i-New Zealand, iAustralia, iAntartica, kunye neCaribbean (ngaphandle kweHaiti neRiphabhliki yaseRominican) ayinayo i-rabies-free.
Uchungechunge lokugonywa lithatha amahlumela amathathu ukuze ufune ukucwangcisa phambili kweveki ezintathu ngaphambi kokuhamba. Ukugonya kungabiza. Nangona kunjalo, izigulane zeerbibe azifumaneki kwiindawo zonke kwihlabathi kwaye xa utyhilekile ungadinga ukuphuma ngokukhawuleza (ngosuku) lokugonywa ekhaya.
Polio
I-polio yintsholongwane ephantse ichithwe . Nangona kunjalo, ugonyo luyadingeka ukuba umntu uhamba kuyo nayiphi na indawo ekhoyo ngokujikeleza kwesoliyo. Iziganeko zachongwa ngo-2014 ePakistan, Afghanistan, Nigeria, eSomalia, e-Equatorial Guinea, e-Iraq, eCameroon, eSiriya, e-Ethiopia, eSudan naseMadagascar, nangona ezinye iimeko zivela kwiindawo ezinobuthakathaka ezinxulumene nesigonyo kwaye kungekhona imithwalo ye-wildtype.
I-polio ingafumaneka kwakhona emanzini, apho ingafumaneka khona. Kuye kwabonwa kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo emanzini kwaSirayeli nakwi-West Bank, kunye ne-Indiya kunye neNigeria, nakwezinye iindawo.
Nangona kunjalo, ukusuleleka kwe-Polio kwinto efunyenwe kumazwe amabini ukususela ngo-2015-Afghanistan nePakistain. Oku kubalulekile. Intsholongwane inokupheliswa.
Ukuhamba kule mimandla ichungechunge olupheleleyo kunye ne-booster eyodwa ebhekiswe kubantu abadala. Kwakhona kunconywa ukunyuka kwiindawo ezisengozini yokungenisa i-polio njengeBenin, iCentral African Republic (CAR), i-Chad, iphondo le-Xinjiang eChina, i-Djibouti, iYiputa, i-Eritrea, iGabon, iIran, iJordan, i-Kenya, iLebanon, i-Niger, IRiphabliki yaseCongo, iSouth Sudan, iSudan, iTurkey kunye neYemen.
Ifiva ephuzi
I-Yellow Fever iye yasasazeka ngo-2016 e-Angola, i-DRC, nakwiindawo zasemaphandleni kwenye indawo-njengasezindaweni ezikude zasePeru nase-Uganda. Kuyinto enqabileyo kodwa engathandabuzekiyo yintsholongwane yentsholongwane eyenziwa yintsholongwane efanayo eyenza iDengue. Kufunyenwe kuphela kwinani elilinganiselweyo lamazwe. Ininzi ayinayo impawu okanye iimpawu ezinobumnene . Kodwa abanye bafa. Ezinye, iintsuku ezintathu ukuya ezintandathu emva kokuvelela, ziya kuba nomkhuhlane ophezulu, intloko, isisongulu, ukuhlanza, i-muscle aches, kunye nokulahlekelwa kwesidlo. Phantse iipesenti ezili-15 zalabo abaneempawu ziya kuba ne-jaundice, ukungaphumeleli kwezintso kunye nokuphuma kwegazi; ininzi isiqingatha sala bantu baya kufa. Akukho zodwa unyango.
Isitofu sisoloko sifuneka ukuba singene kumazwe anesifo se-Yellow Fever-okanye uhambo oluvela kumazwe anesifo se-Yellow Fever kwenye. La mazwe amaninzi aseMntla naseMntla Afrika kunye neendawo ezininzi eMzantsi Melika, ngokukodwa kwiziko lelizwekazi nakwi-Amazon.
Uluhlu lwamazwe e-Yellow Fever ngo-2015 luquka i-Angloa, iBenin, iBurkina Faso, iBurundi, iCameroon, iRiphablikhi yaseCentral Afrika, iChad, iPhablikhi yaseCongo, iCote d'Ivoire, iRiphabhliki yaseDemocratic Republic of Congo, i-Equatorial Guinea, i-Ethiopia, iGabon, iGambia, I-Ghana, iGuinea, iGuinea-Bissau, iKenya, iLiberia, iMali, iMauritania, iNigeria, iNigeria, i-Rwanda, iSenegal, iSierra Leone, iSudan, iSudan, iSudan, iTogo, i-Uganda, i-Argentina, iBolivia, iBrazil, iColombia, i-Ecuador, i-French Guiana, iGuyana , EPanama, eParaguay, ePeru, eSuriname, eTrinidad naseTobago, eVenezuela.
Ngenxa yokuba intsholongwane ayitholakali kuwo onke amazwe, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kuphela kwimimandla ethile, isitofu sokugonya singenakufunwa kuwo wonke uhambo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuhamba kumazwe amaninzi okanye kula mazwe kaninzi kufuna amaxwebhu okugonywa kwe-Yellow Fever. Isifo sokugonya sifanele sithathwe iintsuku ezili-10 ngaphambi kokuhamba. Kungenokuba nzima ukufumana ugonyamelo kwaye ke ukucwangcisa phambili kwexesha kunceda.
I-Encephalitis yaseJapan (JE)
Olu sulelo lunqabile kwaye unentsholongwane ayiyi kugula kakhulu, kodwa ngenxa yezifo ezimbalwa usulelo luyingozi kakhulu, luyingozi kwaye ngamanye amaxesha luyingozi. Intsholongwane, enokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu ze-neurologic, zifumaneka kwiindawo zaseAsia kunye neNtshona Koloni ePacific, ngokugqithisa okuphawulekayo kwiindawo zaseIndiya ngexesha lehlobo.
Xoxa nomboneleli wakho wezempilo xa le gciwane lifuna ukuhamba. Isitofu esinikezelweyo e-US sidinga iilingo ezimbini kwiintsuku ezingama-28 kunye neqondo lokugqibela ngeveki okanye ngaphezulu ngaphambi kokuhamba. Akuyimfuneko kubo bonke abahambi ukuya kumazwe achaphazelekayo njengokuba isasazo singenakwenzeka kuzo zonke iindawo. Kwabo bahamba ngaphandle kwimizi yasezidolophini ubuncinane inyanga enye ngexesha le-JE yokudlulisela, ukugonywa kubaluleke kakhulu, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba uhambo olufutshane lwexesha elifutshane. Ilayisenisi kulezo zimbini zinyanga ubudala nangaphezulu. I-Booster dosing ingafuneka.
Malariya
I-Malaria ayinayo isitofu sokugonya. Umele uthethe ugqirha wakho malunga nokuqala iprophylaxis ye-malaria ngaphambi kokuba uhambe.
Dengeue, Chikungunya, kunye ne-TB
Akukho sitofu. Yilumkele ngeentongwane kwiindawo ezinokuthi zenze i- Dengue okanye iChikungunya .
Zika
Akukho gonyo, kodwa kufuneka uzame ukukhusela umlingo , njenge-malaria, i-dengue, ne- chikungunya , ngakumbi ukuba wena, iqabane lakho okanye iqabane elizayo liyakhulelwa okanye ucinge ngokukhulelwa. Intsholongwane ingasasazeka ngumongwane nangokwezesondo.
Izitofu Ufanele Ube Nomhla Wosuku
Iimpawu-I-Mumps-Rubella (MMR)
Kufuneka ube neempuphu ezimbini. Ukuba uhamba nabantwana abancinci, kufuneka babe ne-vaccine zabo ekuqaleni. Ukuba umntwana wakho uphakathi kweenyanga ezintandathu kunye nonyaka, kufuneka abe ne dose enye. Ukuba umntwana wakho ubuncinane uneminyaka elilodwa ubudala, kufuneka / abe namayeza amabini (ahlukaniswe ngeentsuku ezingama-28), nangona amayeza ambalwa atholakala kwiinyanga ezili-12 ukuya kwezi-15 kunye neminyaka emi-4 ukuya kwe-6. Awufuni ukufumana iMicrosoft okanye uvumele ukuba isasazeke kulabo abasengozini.
Varicella (i-Chickenpox)
Ukuba ungenayo isifo , kufuneka ufumane isitofu.
I-Diphtheria-iTetanus-Pertussis
Qinisekisa ukuba une- tetanus yokugonya kwiminyaka eyi-10 edlulileyo. Abo banesilonda esingcolileyo kwaye abazange bagonywe i- tetanus kwiminyaka emihlanu edlulileyo (iminyaka eyi-10 kwilonda elicocekileyo) baya kufuna ukuphinda i-tetanus vaccine. Ngenxa yeso sizathu, ezinye zikhawuleza i-tetanus boosters. Kananjalo awufuni ukufumana i-Diphtheria okanye i-Pertussis-okanye usasazelele kumntu osengozini.
Influenza
Kufuneka ube nomkhuhlane wakho wonyaka . Ungalibali ukuba kubusika kwenye indawo. Iigciwane le- influenza ze-hemispheres ezisemazantsi kunye nenyakatho zikhethwa ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo kodwa ziquka iintlobo ezifanayo. Ngeke ufune ukubamba umkhuhlane kwaye ube nomsebenzi omkhulu kwi-tropical disease.