Ukuqhawuka kwe-2016 kubonakalisa ingozi yokusuleleka ngexesha lokukhulelwa
Intsholongwane kaZika yisifo esingenakusasazeka esasasazekayo ngokukhawulela umiyane. Nangona ezininzi iintsholongwane ziza kubangela ezimbalwa, ukuba zikhona, iimpawu, esi sifo sinokuguquka xa sisuka kumama ukuya kumntwana ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Ukwenza njalo kunokukhokelela kwisiphene sokuzalwa esingenakuguquka esibizwa ngokuba yi-microcephaly apho umntwana ezalwa enekhanda elincinci kunye nengqondo.
Ngokungaqhelekanga phambi kuka-2015, i-virus ye-Zika ibangela ukwethuka kwehlabathi xa ukugqabhuka okukhulu kunqumla indlela yokusuleleka kuMzantsi ne-Central America ukuya kwinqanaba elisenzantsi lase-United States ngo-2016.
I-Zika yintsholongwane elitsha, okokuqala ikhutshwe kwi-monkey e-Uganda emva kowe-1947. Nangona izazinzulu zazikholelwa ukuba intsholongwane yayiminyanzelo, kubakho ubungqina bokuqala ukuhamba kwezilwanyana ukuya kubantu. ukususela ekuboniseni ukuba intsholongwane yayisungulwe ngabantu ngaphambi kokuba ide, idlule ukusuka kumntu ukuya kumntu nge- Aedes aegypti umiyane , ubunzima obuhlala kwiindawo eziseTropiki nakwiindawo eziphantsi komhlaba.
Ngo-2015, izifo zokuqala zentshona ye-western zachazwa kwi-northeast Brazil. Ngethuba leminyaka emibini, izinga le-microcephaly kule ndawo liye lalingana namazinga ahlaselayo. Ku-Columbia kuphela, akukho matyala angaphantsi kwama-476 agqityiwe kwiindawo ezingama-33 zokujonga (ukuguqulela kwimeko nganye kwimiba eyi-1 000 yokuzalwa).
Imiphumo efana nayo yabonakala eBrazil eyabika ngaphezu kwezi-3,000 zokuzalwa ezincinci ezihlobene ngqo neZika.
Yiyo le nkxalabo enokukhathazeka eyabangela oorhulumente ukuba baqalise iindlela zokulawula okungcono kwaye bafundise uluntu ngeempawu, unyango kunye nokukhuselwa kwesi sifo esingaqondi kakuhle.
Izizathu kunye neengozi
I-virus ye-Zika iyilungu leentsholongwane zentsapho i- Flaviviridae kwaye isondelelene nezinye izifo ezithwalwe ngummiyane ezifana ne- dengue fever kunye ne- yellow fever . Idluliselwa kumntu kumntu ngeendlela ezintathu:
- Ngumlingo ukuluma kwi- Aedes aegypti umlingo
- Ngexesha lokukhulelwa xa udluliselwa kumama osulelwe ngumntwana kuye umntwana ongakazalwa
- Ngethuba lomlomo ongenakukhuseleka, ubulili, okanye isondo
Kuthatha kuphela ukuluma omnye ukuba utheleleke.
Ngokubhekiselele kokusasazwa ngesondo , intsholongwane iyakwazi ukuphikelela kwimbewu apho kungenakukwazi ukwenza njalo ematheni okanye emacaleni omzimba. Ngaloo ndlela, i-Zika idlulela ngokubanzi ukusuka kumntu ukuya kumfazi kunokuba yindlela ejikeleze.
Iimpawu
Kubantu abadala kunye nabantwana, iZika ngokuqhelekileyo kubangela ukugula okumnene, okuzimeleyo okanye kungenayo impawu. Xa iimpawu ziphuhliswa, zinokubonakala zifana nomkhuhlane kunye nomkhuhlane, intloko, imisipha kunye nentlungu yokuxuba. Iimpawu zivame ukucima iintsuku ezintathu ukuya kwezixhenxe kunye naluphi na ubungqina besifo sengculaza.
Ibali lihluke ngokupheleleyo xa usuleleko lwenzeka ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Ukuba oko kwenzeka, umntwana okhulayo unokuchaphazeleka, okukhokelela ekuphumuleni, ukubeleka, okanye, kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga, iziphoso zokuzalwa zomntwana. Into ebaluleke kakhulu yile micocephaly .
I-Microcephaly yintlupheko ephazamisayo ebonakaliswe ukukhubazeka okuze kubekho, kuquka:
- Ukuxhamla
- Ukulibaziseka okuphuhlisayo
- Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo
- Iingxaki ngokunyakaza nokulinganisela
- Ukutya iingxaki
- Ukulahleka kokuva
- Ingxaki zo mbono
Ubunzima beempawu zihambelana nokukhululeka kwenhloko yengqondo kunye nengqondo. Iintsana ezininzi ezizalwe nge-microcephaly aziyi kubakho iimpawu ekuzalweni kodwa zihlaselwe isifo sokugula, ukukhubazeka kwesiberebhu kunye nezinye iingxaki emva koko. Kwezinye iimeko, umntwana unokukhula ngokuqhelekileyo.
Umngcipheko we-microcephaly ngowona mkhulu ngethuba lokuqala lokukhulelwa. Ngokwahlukileyo, isifo sosulelo seZika esenzeka ngexesha lesibini okanye lesithathu sithathu sibeka ingozi emngciphekweni.
Ukuxilongwa
Usulelo lweZika luyafumaneka ukuba lunokuhlolwa okanye luchane ngokuqinisekileyo ubungqina bentsholongwane. Inkqubo yokuvavanya ingahluka kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo ibandakanye iimvavanyo ezimbini ezihlukeneyo ezisetyenziswe kwinqanaba:
- Uvavanyo lwe-Nucleic acid (NAT) lisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ubungqina bofuzo begciwane leZika. Uvavanyo lwe- NAT lwaluza kwenziwa ngokufanayo kwiisampuli zegazi kunye nomchamo.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-Immunoglobulin M (IgM) kusetshenziselwa ukufumana iiprotheni, ezibizwa ngokuba yi- antibodies , eziveliswa ngumzimba ngokuphendula kwisifo soGawulayo. Uvavanyo lusekelwe kwigazi kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo luyakwazi ukufumana iintsholongwane ngaphakathi kweentsuku ezine zokubonakala kweempawu.
Iingcebiso zovavanyo
Nangona ukuxilongwa kosulelo lweZika lulula, akusiyo wonke umntu. Ukuvavanya okwangoku kunconywa ngala maqela asemngciphekweni kuphela:
- Nawuphi na umntu onomzimba okholelwa ukuba unesifo sengculaza okanye ngohambo olusakhuselekanga okanye uhambo olutshanje ukuya kwindawo apho iZika ihlala khona
- Naliphi na umfazi okhulelweyo okholelwa ukuba unesifo sengculaza ngenxa yokuhamba kwangoko ukuya kwindawo ehlala kuyo okanye isondo esingakhuselekanga nomntu osandul
Uvavanyo alukhuthazelwanga kubantu abangabonakaliyo abakhulelwe okanye njengendlela yokuqwalasela kwangaphambili.
Unyango
Akukho nonyango losulelo lweZika. Izimpawu ezintle zingaphathwa ngeTylenol (acetaminophen).
Thintelo
Akukho sitofu sokukhusela okanye ukuphilisa intsholongwane kaZika. Ngoko ke, iinzame ziza kuba zijolise ekukhuseleni ukusuleleka kwezifo zentsholongwane kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokudluliselwa ngesondo.
Ukuba uhlala okanye uhamba kwiindawo apho igciwane lesifo se-Zika likhona, imizamo yokukhusela iya kubandakanya:
- Ukusebenzisa i-insects repellent
- Ukugqoka iimpahla zokukhusela
- Ukulala phantsi komnatha womlingo
- Ukulahla amanzi okuma apho umiyane lunokuzala khona
- Ukuvala iifestile kunye neentambo kunye nokusebenzisa umoya
- Ukuhlola iingcebiso zezempilo zokuhamba xa uceba uhambo
Ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokutshatyalaliswa ngokwesondo, iikhondom kufuneka zisetyenziswe ukuba iqabane lakho libuye libuyele kwimihlaba emide. Ubuncinane bungaba futshane nje kwiiveki ezisibhozo ukuba akukho zibonakaliso okanye zide zinyanga ezintandathu okanye ngaphezulu ukuba zikhoyo. Inambuzane yokugaya kufuneka isetyenziswe ubuncinane kwiiveki ezintathu ukukhusela ukutshintshwa komntu-umlingo.
ILizwi
Njengoko unomngcipheko njengoko i-virus yeZika ingabonakala, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ukuluma umlingo akuthethi ukuba uya kufumana intsholongwane okanye ukuba umntwana wakho ongakazalwa uza kuphazamiseka. Enyanisweni, uninzi lwabantu abakhulelweyo abakhulelweyo alubanga iziphoso zokuzalwa okanye ukulimala kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo.
Ngokuqaphela nje izinto ezibeka engozini, wena kunye neqabane lakho unokuthatha amanyathelo afanelekileyo ukuphepha ukhuseleko kwaye uqinisekise ukuba umntwana wakho wazalwa ngokukhuselekileyo.
> Imithombo:
> Amacandelo okuLawula nokuLawula izifo. Iimvavanyo zoxilongo zeZika Virus. Atlanta, Georgia; hlaziywa ngoFebhuwari 28, 2018.
> Gubler, D .; Vasilakis, N .; kunye no-Musso, D. "Imbali kunye nokuVulwa kweZera Virus." J Disfect Dis. 2017; 216 (iSiza 10): S86-S867. INGXELO: 10.1093 / infdis / jix451.
> Oster, A .; Brooks, J; Stryker, J. et al. "Izikhokelo zesikhokelo zokuLawulwa kweSondo kwi-Zika Virus - eUnited States, ngo-2016." I- MMWR. 2016; 65 (5): 120-1. INGXELO: 10.15585 / mmwr.mm6505e1.