Iimvumi akuyona indlela yodwa yokusuleleka
Uninzi lwabantu luyaqonda ukuba i-virus yeZika idluliselwa yizilumko zobummi, kwaye oko, xa ixilwe, intsholongwane ingadluliselwa kumntwana ongakazalwa. Kodwa, akusiyo yodwa indlela ukusuleleka ngayo intsholongwane. Ubu bungqina ngoku bubonisa ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuhambisa intsholongwane kumntu kumntu ngokusebenzisa isondo esingakhuselekanga kwaye nokuba igazi elijongene negalelo linokuthi libe yinto enokwenzeka, nokuba yinto emngciphekweni.
Ngokuqonda indlela idijithali yeZika idlulile ngayo, uya kuba nokukwazi ukukhusela wena nabanye abantu kwingozi.
Umngcipheko wokuThengisa
Intsholongwane kaZika yilungu leentsholongwane zentsapho i- Flaviviridae kwaye isondelelene nenye iindiza ezinokukhuselwa ngummiyane njengalezo ezibangelwa ngumkhuhlane we-dengue , i- yellow fever kunye ne- encephalitis yaseJapan .
Inkokheli enkulu yegciwane, intsholongwane ye- Aedes aegypti , ayiqhelekanga kuba iyasebenza kakhulu ngeeyure zomini. Iyakhula kwimimandla esezantsi kunye neendawo ezitshatyalaliswayo kwaye inokufumaneka kwiindawo ezininzi eMzantsi Melika, eMntla Merika, eMbindi naseMpuma Afrika, eIndiya, e-mpuma ye-Asia naseNyakatho ye-Australia. EUnited States, umlingo ufunyaniswa ikakhulu kwiGulf Coast ephuma eFlorida iya eTexas.
Ukubetha umgquba kwenzeka ngokuqhelekileyo kwiinyanga zentwasahlobo nasehlotyeni xa izinambuzane zizalana ngokukhawuleza. Kuthatha nje ukuluma omnye ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane. Emva kokuba iiseli zecala ezijikelezileyo zingenakunqandwa, intsholongwane inokuthi ihambe ngokukhawuleza ibe negazi kwaye isasaze kuwo wonke umzimba.
Nangona iimeko ezininzi zeZika zinyameko okanye zingabonakaliyo (ngaphandle kwempawu), intsholongwane inokuthi, kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, zikhokelela kwingxaki enzulu eyaziwa ngokuba yi- Guillain-Barré syndrome apho umzimba uhlasela amathambo eso. Ingxaki ikholelwa ukuba ibangelwa xa ukusuleleka kweZika kuqhubeka ngaphezu kweveki kwaye ihambelana nomkhuhlane oqhubekayo.
Ukukhulelwa komngcipheko
Ngoxa i-Zika isifo sofayo sisoloko sinyamekile kwaye singabonakali, sinokuguquka kakhulu xa sidluliselwa kumntwana okhulayo ngexesha lokuqala lokukhulelwa. Nangona izazinzulu zisengayiqondi ngokupheleleyo indlela yesifo, kubonakala ngathi intsholongwane iyakwazi ukuphula i-placenta ngethuba lokuqala le-trimester xa iintsholongwane zentsholongwane ziqala ukuza kubakho ingqondo, intliziyo kunye nezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo izitho.
Intsholongwane 'yefuthe kula maseli inokuphazamisa, kubangele ukungabikho komonakalo omkhulu kunye nokwandisa umngcipheko wokukhulelwa kwesisu kunye nokuzala. Into ebaluleke kakhulu yinkxalabo, i- microcephaly , inkunkuma engabonakaliyo kwaye ingenakuphikiswa apho umntwana ezalwa enekhanda elincinci kunye nengqondo.
Umngcipheko we-microcephaly ubonakala ulinganiselwe kwi-trimester yokuqala. Ngesiqingatha sesibini neyesithathu, umngcipheko uya kuba wehla ukuya kumazinga athathekayo, ngokutsho kophando oluvela kwiZiko loLawulo lweZifo kunye nokuThinjwa.
Ngokubanzi, umngcipheko we-microcephaly ekukhulelweni okuchaphazelekayo phakathi kwepesenti enye kunye neepesenti ezingama-13. Ayikho enye ingozi ebangela ukuba ingozi ikhethiwe.
Ngengozi yokuThengisa ngesondo
Nangona i-virus yeZika ithathwa njengesifo sokugula, ukuhlolwa kwangaphambili kwesi sifo kubonakalise ukuba ezinye izifo zenzeke kwiimeko apho iingcambu zokungcungcutheka zingenakwenzeka.
Uphando oluthe gqolo luye lwabonisa ukuba ezininzi zezi zifo zazisasazwa phakathi kwamaqabane eentlobano zesini, kwaye ngokubanzi zivela kumadoda ukuya kubafazi.
Ngokutsho kobungqina obupapashwe kwiNew England Journal of Medicine, i-virus yeZika iyakwazi ukuphikelela kwimbono ibe ide kunokuba inokutshatyalaliswa kwimizinyo, ukwandisa ukukwazi ukuhanjiswa kwamadoda nabesifazana. Ngokwahlukileyo, intsholongwane ayikwazi ukuphumelela ngamanqatha okanye emacaleni omzimba, okwenza kube lula ukuhambisa isifo kubafazi ukuya kubantu.
Ngokusekelwe kubungqina bokuba, i-virus yeZika ingadluliselwa kumlingane osanda kutshatyalaliswa ngokusebenzisa isondo, ngomlomo, ngesondo, okanye ngesilwanyana, nokuba kukho iimpawu okanye ayikho.
Ukukwabelana ngeentlobano zesini kungabangela umngcipheko.
Ingozi yokuThengiswa kweGazi
Umngcipheko wokuthi isifo sengculaza seZika sibangela ukunikezelwa kwegazi akucaci. Nangona kubekho amacala amaninzi athembekileyo eBrazil axhunyiwe kwi-epletermill transfusion (esetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-hemophiliac okanye abantu abaphethwe yi-chemotherapy yomhlaza), akuzange kubekho izinto ezifanayo kwenye indawo.
Ngo-Agasti 26, ngo-2016, i-US Food and Drug Administration yanikezela izikhokelo ezintsha kwi-screening of donations blood in the US Today, nayiphi na iminikelo eyenza iilingo zentsholongwane yeZika iza kususwa kwigazi.
Ingozi yommandla
Ngokweengxelo evela kwi-World Health Organisation (WHO), amazwe angama-61 ahlangene nokuqhekeka kweZika phakathi ko-2007 no-2016. Oku kubandakanye imimandla emithathu e-United States echaphazelekayo ngoxhatshazo lwe-2016: iProvense Brownsville, eTexas, eMiami-Dade. Florida, kunye nePalm Beach County eFlorida.
I-WHO iphinda ichaze iingxaki ezichaphazelekayo nezifo kwiindawo ezilandelayo:
- I-microcephaly ehambisana neZika yaxelwa kumazwe angama-12 okanye kwiindawo: iBrazil, iCabo Verde, iColombia, i-El Salvador, iFrench Polynesia, iMarshall Islands, iMartinique, iPanama, iPuerto Rico, iSlovenia, iSpain, i-Venezuela ne-United States. I-Brazili ibonise ubuninzi bala maxesha. Ngokwahlukileyo, iUnited States ibike ezintathu.
- I-Guika-Guré syndrome e-Zika ehambelana nama-Guillan-Barré yayinyanzele kumazwe angama-13: iBrazil, iColombia, iRiphablikhi yaseDominican, i-El Salvador, iFrench Guiana, iFrench Polynesia, iHaiti, i-Honduras, iMartinique, i-Panama, iPuerto Rico, iSuriname neVenezuela.
Okwangoku, izifo ezingenabuntsholongwane (mhlawumbi zingabandakanywa ngesondo) zabikwa kumazwe angama-10: iArgentina, eCanada, eChile, eFransi, eJamani, e-Itali, eNew Zealand, ePeru, ePortugal naseMelika.
> Imithombo:
> D'Ortenzio, E .; Matheron, S; Yazdanpanah, Y. et al. "Ubungqina bokuThengiswa koSondo ngeZika Virus." N Engl J Med. 2016; 374 (22): 2195-8. INGXELO: 10.1056 / NEJMc1604449.
> Johansson M .; UMer-Y-Teran-Romero, uL .; Reefhuis, J. et al. "Zika nomngcipheko we-microcephaly." N Engl J Med . 2016; 375: 1-4. INGXELO: 10.1056 / NEJMp1605367.
> Oster, A .; Brooks, J; Stryker, J. et al. "Izikhokelo zesikhokelo zokuLawulwa kweSondo kwi-Zika Virus - eUnited States, ngo-2016." I- MMWR. 2016; 65 (5): 120-1. INGXELO: 10.15585 / mmwr.mm6505e1.
> Paz-Bailey, G .; Rosenberg, E .; Doyle, K. et al. "Ukunyamezela i-Zika Virus kwi-Body Fluids - Ingxelo yokuQala." N Eng J M. 2017. INGXELO: 10.1056 / NEJMoa1613108.
> Umbutho WezeMpilo Wehlabathi. Ingxelo Yemo: I-Zika Virus, Microcephaly, i-Guillan-Barré syndrome. "I-Geneva, eSwitzerland; NgoJuni 23, 2016.