Ngokuqinisekileyo, intsholongwane yeZika iyandila. Kwaye isifo se-Zika sisisigxina: yintsholongwane eyayibonakaliswe okokuqala e-Afrika kuma-1940 kwaye yasasazeka kwihlabathi lonke nge- Aedes aegypti , iintlobo ezinobungozi zobummi bevela e-Afrika. (I-virus ye-Zika nayo isasazeka kwi- Aedes albopictus okanye i-Asian tiger umlingo kwaye mhlawumbi nezinye iintlobo ze-Aedes.) Nangona kunjalo, ngezinye iindlela, i-virus yeZika ifana neyona ntsholongwane engaphezulu. intsholongwane .
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Bobabini Ngaba mhlawumbi iTatatogensOkokuqala, kunobungqina obunzima bokuthi ama-mumps kunye ne-Zika virus i- teratogens . I-teratogen yintengiso yendalo okanye into ebangela ukuba i-malformation okanye ukufa ibele umntwana ongakazalwa okanye umntwana. Ezinye i-teratogens ziquka i-virus ye-varicella (eyabangela inkukhu ne-herpes zoster), i-metal heavy metal, kunye ne-radiation.
Amangxube afunyaniswa ukuba abulale ukufa komntwana. Kukho ubungqina obudibaniseneyo obudibanisa i-mumps virus kunye ne-endocardial fibroelastosis, isifo senhliziyo esiswini esiswini ezingabangela ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo.
I-virus ye-Zika ifumane i-press epheleleyo kuba abantwana abangama-4000 eBrazil, apho i-vector u- Aedes aegypti ixhaphakile, izalwe nge- microcephaly . I-Microcephaly ibhekisela xa umntwana ezalwa enentloko encinci, okanye intloko ye-head circumference malunga neepesenti ezingama-20 ezincinci kunesiqhelo. Ngokuxhomekeka kwi-graceity, i-microcephaly inokuthetha ukuba umonakalo wengqondo kwaye unobungozi obuninzi okanye ukufa kwangaphambili. Urhulumente waseBrazil ufumene intsholongwane yeZika ebuchosheni bezinye iintsana ezizalwe nge-microcephaly.
Ukubeka ezi ziphumo ngendlela ebonakalayo, inani lamacandelo e-microcephaly eBrazil liye landa ngamashumi amathathu ngonyaka ngo-2016. Ukusabalala kwe-mushroom yeZika intsholongwane kucingelwa ukuba kuhambelana neNdebe yeHlabathi ka-2014, xa abantu beya eBrazil bevela kwihlabathi lonke .
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Zomibini ziyi-RNA VirusesAkumangalisi apha ... Bobabini i-virus yeZika kunye ne-virus ye-mumps ziyi-virus. Nangona kunjalo, nakwindlela yokwenziwa kwazo, ezi ntlupheko zikwabelana ngokufanayo.
Ngokukodwa, i-virus ye-mumps, okanye i-paramyxovirus, imidlalo engabonakaliyo, i-RNA-negative strand ye-RNA. Ngokufanayo, i-virus ye-Zika i-flavivirus equkethe i-RNA enye ye-RNA.
Ezi zintsholongwane zibonakala zi sasaza ngokwahlukileyo. Amagqabhagqabhokoza asasazeka emoyeni ngendlela yokuphefumula kunye nokutshintshwa kwemali kunye nokuvezwa kweefomites (izinto ezingenamntu ezifana nokulala okanye izitsha).
Nangona igciwane lesandulela ngculaza lingasasazeka ngezocansi okanye ukuxilongwa kwegazi, iindlela eziphambili ezi ntsholongwane zisasazwa ngukusebenzisa umlingo okanye ukutshatyalaliswa komama ukuya kwintsana engakazalwa.
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Ziyiphumela kwiMpawu zeCliniki ezifanayoBobabini izifo zinegciwane leZika kunye ne-virus ye-musps igxile kubantu abaninzi abanesifo. Ngokukodwa, i-virus yeZika ibangela iimpawu kwi-1 yabantu aba-5 kuphela abanesifo. Iintsholongwane ze-mumps ziphumela kwizibonakaliso ezibonakalayo ezinokliniki malunga nesiqingatha sabantu esibachaphazelayo.
Ngaphezu koko, nangona i-mumps virus inokufumana ihle kakhulu kwaye ibetha amathambo phakathi kwamanye amaqhinga athathaka, kubantu abaninzi, ezi ziintlobo zegciwane zibangele iziphumo ezinamandla, okanye iimpawu zekliniki ezizimeleyo.
Nazi ezinye iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zamathambo:
- umkhuhlane
- i-malaise
- ukukhathala
- i-anorexia
- ukuvuvukala kweengqungquthela ze-parotid (parotitis) kunye neengqungquthela zentambo
Nazi ezinye iimpawu ezibangelwa yi-Zika virus:
- umkhuhlane
- intloko
- umqala obuhkungu
- lymphadenopathy
- iintlungu zomzimba
- ubuhlungu obudibeneyo
- ukukhawuleza
- i-conjunctivitis (pinkeye)
Ingqalelo, zombini iimpi kunye noZika abanalo iimpawu zokuphefumula.
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Ukuthelekiswa neZonyangoKukho unyango oluthile olungenayo igciwane lesifo se-Zika okanye i-virps virus. Esikhundleni saloo nto, zombini izifo zonyango ziphathwa ngokugqithisileyo, oko kuthetha ukuba sinokhetho lwezokwelapha kuphela ngenxa yeempawu ezi zifo zifo.
Iimvumba ziphethwe ngokuphumula, ngokubandayo okanye ngokufudumalayo kunye neentlungu zokunceda iintlungu ezifana ne-acetaminophen kunye nokulawulwa kokutya okulula kunye namanzi. I-Bar ukuphuhliswa kwexesha elide le-sequelae, okanye iziphumo, imiphumo ye-mumps isifo esicacileyo emva kweentsuku eziliqela.
Iintlungu neentlungu zegciwane leZika nazo ziphathwe ngamanzi, ukuphumula kombhede, kunye neyeza ezinjenge-acetaminophen (iTylenol). Ingqalelo, abantu abanegciwane lesifo se-Zika kufuneka bagweme ukuthatha ii-NSAID njenge-aspirin kunye ne-ibuprofen kuba la mayeza anokwandisa umngcipheko wegazi.
Njengama-mumps, iimpawu ze-Zika virus zisuke zihamba ngokwazo-zithatha iintsuku eziliqela ukuba zenze njalo. Ekugqibeleni, abanye abantu abanesifo se-Zika virus baya kuhlakulela i- Guillain-Barre syndrome , isimo sengqondo esinobuchopho obangela ukuba kunzima ukuhamba nokuhamba.
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ThinteloKanye kunye nezinye izigulana, zonke iintsana eziphuma apho kufuneka zifumane i-MMR ( imasisi , i-mumps, ne-rubella). Ngokona nxalenye enkulu, ugonyo luye lwaphazamisa isongelo samathambo. Hayi, isongelo esikhulu sokuthintela ummango ngumbutho wokulwa ne-antivaccination.
Nangona kunjalo, nangona sine-vaccine entsha yesifo se-dengue-isifo esifana ne-ZIka virus-asinaso isitofu segciwane leZika. Ukongezelela, kusenokuba ixesha elide ngaphambi kokuba sibone isitofu sokugonywa kwegciwane leZika. Ukudala isitofu sokugonya kuthatha imali eninzi, iinzame ezininzi kunye nexesha elininzi. Zonke ezi zinto zidibanisa ukwenza ukwenziwa kwe-Zika igciwane lokugonya kwintsholongwane.
Nangona kunjalo, kunesizathu sokuba sanguine ngenxa yefuthe lomntu wesifo sengculaza i-Zika kufuneka ibhenele kwimigudu yoluntu yamazwe. Ithemba lamanani amaninzi ezelwe nge-microcephaly kulo lonke elaseMzantsi naseMntla eMerika liyakhuphaza.
Okwangoku, nangona kunjalo, indlela efanelekileyo yokuthintela ukungena kwi-virus yeZika iquka inambuzane ephikisayo kunye (nakwaseNtshona) ukuphepha ukukhusela ngamama abalindela kumazwe apho intsholongwane isasaza i-Zika virus. (Ngelishwa, eBrazil indleko yebhotile encinci ye-insect repellent yi-$ 8, eyenza ixabiso eligqithiseleyo kummi oqhelekileyo owenza malunga ne-$ 160 ngenyanga. Ngokuqinisekileyo, urhulumente waseBrazil uthembisa ukunikezela ngokukhululeka kwamahhala kubantu abafumana imali engenako. Urhulumente waseBrazil uye wafaka ama-200,000 abasebenzi basejoni ngenjongo yokuqeda umlingo we-Aedes.)
Kwiphepha lokugqibela, i-virus yeZika ikwabelana ngokufana neentsholongwane ngaphandle kweemvumba. Ngokomzekelo, zombini i-Zika virus kunye ne-CMV zombini kubangela iziphene zokuzalwa kwiintsana kunye neempawu zeklinikhi ezincinci kubantu abadala. Ngaphezu koko, i-malariya yintsholongwane ekhuselwe ngumlwanyana ebangela iziphumo ezikhuselekileyo zokukhulelwa. Nangona kunjalo, ndaya kunye nama-mumps kuba kukho ukugonywa kwamathambo, kwaye sijonge phambili, kuya kuba mnandi ukuba sinegciwane le-Zika.
Imithombo:
"Iingxaki zeTatogenic of Malformation" ngo-E. Gilbert-Ubuncwane kwi-Annals of Laborratory & Clinical Sciences ngo-2010.
URubin SA, iCarbone KM. Amathumbu. Ku: Kasper D, Fauci A, Hauser S, uLongo D, Jameson J, Loscalzo J. eds. Iinqununu zeHarrison ze-Internal Medicine, 19e . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2015.