Ukususela kwimpophiso yokuqala kwiMida yeNzululwazi
Iiseli zesitembu ziseli ezikhethekileyo ezinokukwazi ukuphuhlisa zibe zingekho enye kodwa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeseli. Ayifani nayiphi enye iseli ngezizathu ezizodwa:
- Azingabalulekanga, oku kuthetha ukuba abanalo msebenzi ocacileyo emzimbeni.
- Banoba namandla okuba iiseli ezikhethekileyo ezifana neeseli zengqondo, iislims muscle kunye neeseli zegazi.
- Bayakwazi ukwahlula nokuhlaziya rhoqo ixesha elide.
Okwangoku, iiseli ze-blood stem yodwa uhlobo olusetyenziswa rhoqo unyango. Kwiimeko ze- leukemia okanye i-lymphoma , lolu hlobo lweselulo lusetyenziswa kwinkqubo esivame ukubhekisela kuyo njengokutsalwa komongo we-bone. Ngenxa yale njongo, kuphela umntu omdala uqukumbela iiseli.
Xa kuziwa ukucima uphando lwesellu , iiseli zinokuvela kuyo nayiphi na imithombo yemithombo eyahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa nabaxhasi abadala , ama-embro, okanye iinguli zesintu ezishintshileyo.
Iistim zeStem kwiTransplantants
Iiseli zomnatha wethambo zivelisa zonke iiseli zegazi eziphilileyo, ezibandakanya amaseli obomvu, amaseli egazi amhlophe kunye neeplatelet. Amaseli ase-Hematopoietic stem afunyanwa kwintolongo yethambo elisebenza "njengomzali" kuzo zonke iintlobo zeeseli.
Amaseli ase-Hematopoietic stem afakwa kumntu onomdlavuza ukuze ancedise ukuzalisa umongo wethambo. Inkqubo isetyenziswa rhoqo xa i-high-dose i-chemotherapy echaphazelekayo ichithe i-cell stem ekhoyo kwintolongo yomntu.
Ukukulungisa oku, kunikezelwa ngamaseli angama-stem aya kwi-vein kwaye ekugqibeleni ahlale emnxeni wethambo apho aqala ukuvelisa iiseli ezitsha, ezitsha zegazi.
Iinguqu zeeNtsholongwane zeGesi eziPhezulu
Kwiminyaka edlulileyo, umthombo kuphela weseli ye-hematopoietic stem yilezo ezithathwe kwintolongo yethambo. Kungekudala emva kokufumanisa ukuba ezininzi zala maseli zajikeleza ngokukhululekile kwigazi.
Ekuhambeni kwexesha, izazinzulu zafunda indlela yokuvuna ezi iiseli ekujikelezeni igazi kunye nokuzifakelwa ngqo kumniki-mali.
Olu hlobo lokufakelwa kwegazi olubizwa ngokuba yi- peripheral blood stem cell transplant, okanye i-PBSCT - lube yinkqubo eqhelekileyo, nangona zombini iindlela zisasetyenziswa. I-PBSCT i-invasive encinci kwaye ayifuni ukususwa komnkantsha ukusuka kwinqanawa le-hip.
Iiseli zeStatic Stem
Amaseli ase-Adult stem, abizwa ngokuba ngama-cell stem cells, atholakala kumntu onomnikeli. Iiseli ze-Hematopoietic stem ngumzekelo owaziwa kakhulu. Iingcali zenzululwazi ziye zathola amangqamuzana e-somatic stem kwiisishu ezininzi kunokuba ebezicingelwe ngaphambili, kubandakanya ubuchopho, isifuba esiswini, isikhumba, amazinyo, intliziyo, isisu, isibindi, ii-ovarian cells kunye ne-testis.
Amaseli eStrionic Stem
Amaseli e-embryonic stem aphikisanayo njengoko atholakala kwimibusi yabantu eyonakaliswe okanye ivunyiwe kwisayensi. Amaseli e-embryonic stem ayakhula kuqala kwibhubhoratri ngo-1998 ngenjongo yokuzala. Namhlanje, zisetyenziselwa ukuphanda kunyango okanye unyango lwee-cancer, ukuphunga, isifo sikashukela, i-Parkinson, ukulimala kwentambo yomgudu, kunye neengxaki ze-genetic zesistim somzimba.
Amaseli e-embryonic stem a-pluripotent, oku kuthetha ukuba akwazi ukukhula abe ziintlobo zontathu zelungu le-germ cells eyenza umzimba womzimba (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm).
Ngamanye amazwi, bangakwazi ukuphuhlisa ibe yi-200 nganye yeefestile ukuba zichazwe ukwenza njalo.
Iifowuni zeSpowpotent eziPhezulu
Amaseli e-pluripotent stem, okanye ii-iPSC, zii-cell stem cells eziye zazaliswa ngofuzo zifana neeseli zamathambo ezi-embryonic. I-iPSC iqhele ngokuqala njengelusu okanye iiseli zegazi eziza kulandela inkqubo yokuzalwa.
I-iPSC yaqala ukuphuhliswa ngo-2006 kwaye ibeka inzuzo enkulu enkulu phezu kwee-somatic kunye ne-embryonic stem cells: zinokwenziwa ngendlela ehambelana nesigulane. Oko kuthetha ukuthini ukuba ibhanki inokwenza-yenza i-pluripotent line-cell stem line ngokwahlukileyo ngabanye kwiiseli zomntu okanye iishuki.
> Imithombo:
> Simara, P .; Motl, J .; kunye neKaufman, D. "I-Pluripotent Stem Cells kunye ne-Gythrapi ye-Gene" . 2013; 161 (4): 284-292.
> Al-Shamekh, S. kunye neGoldberg, J. "Ukulungiswa kokubuyisela kunye neCell Plugpotent Stem Cells" . 2014; 163 (4): 377-386.
> I-Finkbeiner, S. kunye no-Spence, J. "Umsebenzi oqhekezayo: Ukuvelisa iisisiti ze-Intestinal ezivela kwi-Human Pluripotent Stem Cells." Izifo zeSigestive and Sciences. 2013; 58 (5): 1176-1184.