Ukuhamba, ucwangciso lweentsapho, okanye ukhulelwe? Sebenzisa i-bug spray kunye neikhondom
Ukuba uhlala kwiindawo ezininzi zelizwekazi laseMerika, amathuba okusuleleka kwi-Zika virus aphantsi kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, eFlorida ngo-2016, kwakukho iziganeko ezingama-262 zecandelo lokutheleleka kweZika-into ekufuneka ihlale ingqondweni yakho ukuba uhamba ngasemzantsi ukuphuka kwentwasahlobo okanye ukuya kwiholide kwaye ucinga ukuqala intsapho.
Le statistic ithetha ukuba abantu abayi-262 babanjwe uZika ngelixa eFlorida kwaye bengabikho ekuhambeni ukuya kwamanye amazwe aseCaribbean, eMelika yaseMntla, naseMzantsi Melika-ephasanyweni yenkxwaleko kunye nalapho i-virus ixhaphake khona.
Ngaphezu koko eFlorida ngo-2016, 224 abafazi abakhulelweyo bafumanisa ukuba banesifo se-Zika virus.
Kuye kwaxelwa kakhulu ukuba ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane yeZika ngexesha lokukhulelwa kuxhumene neziphene ezinzima zokuzalwa. Ngokukodwa, iZika inokubangela ukuba ingqondo engabonakaliyo kwiintsana. Uphando olutsha olushicilelwe yi-CDC liqikelela ukuba abafazi abane-virus yeZika banamaxesha angaphezu kwama-20 ukuba babelethe umntwana onesiphako sokuzalwa. Siqala ukulinganisa imiphumo yeZika.
Zika Symptoms
Phantse ama-80 ekhulwini labantu abanesifo sikaZika abanamava. Kulabo bahlakulela iimpawu, i-Zika i-febrile epholileyo (ukugula). Nangona kunjalo, abasetyhini abakhulelweyo abanesifo se-Zika virus banokuba neentsana nge microcephaly, okanye iintloko ezincinci, kunye nezinye iingxaki zengqondo kunye neengxaki zamehlo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuzaliswa ngokupheleleyo kweziphoso zokuzalwa akungaziwa. Ngoko ke, abafazi abakhulelweyo kufuneka baphephe ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane kaZika kwiindleko zonke.
Abafazi abakhulelweyo banokusuleleka kwi-virus yeZika kwisiphi na i-trimester. Idatha kwi-Zika virus yesifo sengqamzana kwabasetyhini iyancipha. Ingqalelo, akukho bungqina bokuba abafazi abakhulelweyo banokungenwa yintsholongwane yeZika okanye iimpawu ezibi kakhulu kunezo zifunyanwa ngabo bantu abangakhulelwe.
Ngamanye amazwi, iZika inokubonisa kakuhle ngokufanayo kubasetyhini abakhulelweyo njengabanye, kodwa kubangelwa iziphoso ezinzima zokuzalwa ezinganeni ezingakazalwa.
Ubunzima beZika-ezihlobene nezifo zokuzalwa
Ukushicilelwa kwiNgxelo yeMviki kunye nokuFiliswa kweMpilo ngeeveki ngo-Matshi 2017, abaphandi bakwazi ukuqikelela ukuba kunokwenzeka kangakanani ukuba umfazi osulelwe nguZika ukuzala umntwana onokukhubazeka kokuzalwa.
Abaphandi baqala ukusebenzisa i-pre-Zika idatha ukuze bahlaziywe ngokukhawuleza isiseko sokuzalwa kweziphoso ezinjengezo zibonwa kwiintsana ezithwele oomama abanesifo se-Zika. Ngokukodwa, abaphandi bahlalutya ukuxhaphaka kweziphene zokuzalwa eMassachusetts, North Carolina, nase-Atlanta, eGeorgia, phakathi kuka-2013 no-2014. Ingqalelo, le mimandla yanyulwa ngenxa yokuba iqokelela ulwazi olunzulu nolwazi olupheleleyo malunga nazo zonke iintlobo zokukhubazeka, KuZika.
Emva koko, abaphandi bavavanya inani leintsana ezithwele oomama osulelekileyo phakathi kukaJanuwari 15 noSeptemba 22, 2016, usebenzisa i-United States Yokukhulelwa Zika Registry.
Ukuthelekisa idatha yangaphambi kweZika kunye ne-post-Zika, abaphandi bacetyisa ukuba amathuba omama osulelekileyo uza kubeletha umntwana onokukhubazeka ngokuzalwa malunga namaxesha angama-20 ngaphezulu.
Kuyavunywa, ukuthelekisa idatha yelizwe kunye nedatha yeCDC akukho ukufanisa okuthe tye.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuthelekisa kusinikwa usinika imbono enhle yobungakanani bengozi. Olu pho nonongo lubonisa ukuba kubaluleka kokusebenzisa ukubhaliswa kwabazali ekuzalweni kweziphene zokuzalwa kule minyaka emitsha yeZika.
Ngokutsho kwabaphandi:
Ezi nkcukacha zibonisa ukuba negalelo elibalulekileyo labantu abanesiphako sokuzalana nokukhubazeka kokuqonda ukuqonda impembelelo yentsholongwane ye-Zika ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Ngo-2016, i-CDC inike inkxaso ngemali kumaSebe angama-45 asekhaya, aseburhulumenteni nakwimimandla yezempilo ukuze iqhube ngokukhawuleza ngokubhekiselele kwintlupheko enokuthi inxulumene nosulelo lwentsholongwane kaZika, oluya kubonelela ngolwazi olubalulekileyo ukubeka ingqalelo kwimpembelelo yokusuleleka kwintsholongwane ye-Zika e-United States.
Usulelo lweMiyane
Intsholongwane kaZika isasazwa yi- Aedes , inokuluma emini nasebusuku. Njengoko kunjalo, akukho sitofu seZika. Yaye ukuba uthe ukhulelwe okanye ucinga ukuba ukhulelwe, kufuneka uqaphele kakhulu ukukhusela intsholongwane.
Ukuba ukhulelwe kwaye uhlala kwindawo apho iZika idluliselwa khona kwindawo okanye iphela ekuhambeni ukuya kwiindawo ezinjalo xa ukhulelwe, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ugweme ukufumana umlingo. Nazi ezinye iingcebiso zokugcina engqondweni:
- Izigulane ze-Bug zinciphisa umngcipheko wokuba uzuke. I-Arhente yokuKhuselwa kweNdalo (i-EPA) ibamba isixhobo sokukhangela esichaza ukuba yiyiphi i-bug repellent efanelekile kuwe. Kwaye i-CDC icebisa ukuba uzikhusele kwi-Zika, kukulungele ukusebenzisa ii-EPA-ezibhalisiwe. (I-EPA-i-repellents ebhalisiweyo iye yavavanyelwa ukuba iphumelele.) Xa usebenzisa igciwane lesigxina, landela ngokulandelelana izikhokelo zokupakisha kwaye usebenzise kwakhona njengoko kuyimfuneko. Ngaphezu koko, ukuba usebenzisa i-sunscreen, sebenzisa isikrini selanga phambi kwesiphene.
- Unokuthintela ukufumana umlingo ngokususa amanzi onke amileyo kwindawo ohlala kuyo. I-Aedes aegypti , uhlobo lomiyane olusasazeka ngokusasaza i-virus yeZika, luthanda ukuzaliswa kwiibhentshi ezenziwe ngabantu okanye kufuphi neentlobo zamanzi, njengezitishi, iiforishi, izitya zezilwanyana, iibhakethi, iiflethi zamatye kunye namathayi. Ezi zinyosi zibeka amaqanda awo kwicala lalezi zikhuni kwaye amaqanda anamathela kubo njengeglue. Ukuze kukhishwe amaqanda, kufuneka bahlaselwe. Ngaphezu koko, la maqanda angaphila kwiinyanga ezilisibhozo xa zimile. Xa ekugqibeleni amanzi agubungela amaqanda, amaqanda ayahlutha kwaye abe ngabantu abadala malunga neveki. Ukuba kufuneka ulondoloze amanzi kwiibhotile okanye ezinye izitya zokusetyenziswa okanye ukusetyenziswa kamva, qiniseka ukuba ezi zixhobo zitywinwe kakuhle.
Okona kubaluleke ukuba, ukuba awuhlali kwindawo apho isifo se-Zika sisasazeka-ngamanye amagama, ininzi yaseUnited States-kufuneka ubalekele ukuya kwiindawo apho iZika isasazeka khona xa ukhulelwe okanye ucinga ngokukhulelwa. Ezi ndawo ziquka iMexico, iBahamas, iRiphabliki yaseDominican, iBrazil, iFiji, i-American Samoa, kunye nezinye ezininzi. I-CDC inika ibalazwe elipheleleyo kuwo onke amazwe apho iZika idluliselwa kuyo.
Nceda ugcine ukhumbule ukuba i-virus yeZika ifunyenwe ukuba idluliselwe kwiindawo ezimbalwa eziyingxenye yaseUnited States, nayo. Ngokukodwa, abafazi abakhulelweyo mabaphephe ukuhamba kwii-Virgin Islands zase-US, ePuerto Rico, eMiami naseBrownsville, eTexas.
Usulelo lweSondo
I-virus ye-Zika nayo inokudluliselwa ngo-sexinal, anal anal and oral sex. Iyakwazi ukusasazeka ngokusebenzisa amathoyizi esondo. Iikhondom zinokunciphisa ithuba lokusuleleka. Nceda uqaphele ukuba i-virus yeZika ingadluliselwa ukusuka kumntu omnye ukuya kwelinye ngaphambi kokuphuhliswa kweempawu, ngexesha lokugula, nangona emva kokuba iimpawu zidlule.
Ngaphezulu, i-Zika inokudluliselwa kumntu osulelekileyo kodwa akanalo iimpawu. I-CDC icebisa ukuba abo basengozini yokusuleleka kwi-Zika virus, iikhondom zisetyenziswe kakuhle-ukususela ekuqaleni ukuya ekupheleni-ngexesha lemiba yesini, isilwane okanye isondo ngomlomo. Ngaphandle koko, abafazi abakhulelweyo bangazibandakanya ngesondo ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwabo bonke.
Ukukhulelwa
Kwabesetyhini abaye bahamba kwindawo apho iZika isasazeka khona okanye baye balala ngesondo ngaphandle komkhondom ngomntu osuleleke kwi-Zika virus, kubalulekile ukulinda ubuncinane iiveki ezisibhozo ngaphambi kokukhulelwa. Iimpawu zesifo sengculaza sinokuhlala kwiintsuku eziliqela ukuya kwiveki.
Kuloo mabhinqa anesifo se-Zika, kubalulekile ukulinda ubuncinane iiveki ezisibhozo emva kokuba iimpawu ziqale ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe. Amadoda kufuneka alinde ubuncinane iintsuku ezintandathu emva kokusulelwa usulele okanye ukugqibela ukubonakala ngaphambi kokumisela umfazi ngenxa yokwesaba ukudlulisela intsholongwane.
ILizwi
Ukuba wena kunye nomlingani wakho uhlala kwindawo apho isifo sengculaza sitshatyalaliswa kwaye sicwangcise ukuba ukhulelwe, nceda uxoxe ngezinto ozikhethayo kunye nodokotela wakho. Ekugqibeleni, izigqibo malunga nokukhulelwa kwindawo apho iZika idluliselwa khona kwaye iyingxaki.
Ukongezelela, iimeko ziyahluka kwiibini ezithandanayo, kuba kutheni ukucebisa kubalulekile. Udokotela othembekileyo okanye umboneleli wezempilo unokukunceda ekukhokeleni inkqubo yokwenza izigqibo. Ukuba uhlala kwindawo apho iZika iqhutyelwa khona, unokufuna ukulibala ukukhulelwa.
> Imithombo
> Cragen, JD, et al. Isiseko esasisiseko sokuLawulwa koBuhlobo obubandakanyeka ne-Zika Virus Infection ye-Congenital - eMassachusetts, North Carolina, nase-Atlanta, eGeorgia, ngo-2013-2014. Ukunyangwa nokufa kweeNgxelo zeveki. 2017; 66 (8): 219-222.
> Iqela le-Editor DynaMed. I-virus yeZika ekukhulelwe kunye neZika syndrome yesisu. Kugcine ukuhlaziywa ngo-2017 Januwari 30. Kufumaneka kwiDynaMed: http://www.ebscohost.com/dynamed.
> Izikhokelo zesikhashana zoBhinqa abakhulelweyo Ngethuba leZika Virus - I-United States, 2016. ngeveki. NgoJanuwari 22, 2016; 65 (2): 30-33. www.cdc.gov.
> Zika, iMicyo, kunye namanzi aPhakamileyo. Blog Blog Matters Blog. Matshi 22, 2016. https://blogs.cdc.gov/publichealthmatters/2016/03/zikaandwater/
> Zika virus. Izifo neemeko. www.Floridahealth.gov