NgoFebruwari 2016, i-World Health Organization yabhengezela ingxamisekileyo yezempilo yomhlaba jikelele (PHEIC) ngokusasazeka kweZika eNtshona Koloni. Ukususela ngoNovemba 18, 2016, kuye kwavakaliswa ngaphezulu.
Uxinzelelo lwezeMpilo zikaRhulumente lweeNkxalabo
Yimpembelelo yezeMpilo yoLuntu yeNkxalabo. Esi simemezelo esisemthethweni esenziwe nguMbutho WezeMpilo Wehlabathi (WHO) ngokuhambelana neMimiselo Yempilo Yomhlaba Wonke.
Yenziwe xa ingxaki yezempilo yoluntu ifinyelela kwizinga lehlabathi.
Le nxalenye yeMimiselo yezeMpilo yeSizwe (IHR). Ezi ziyinxalenye yesivumelwano esisemthethweni esisenziwa ngamazwe amaninzi-194, ukuba abe ngqo.
I-PHEIC ibhengezwe ngokuphindwe kane. Oku akumangalisi. I-IHR ibuyele ngo-2005. Ikhetho lokumemezela i-PHEIC ayinakwenzeka ngo-2007.
Kwimizuzu emine i-PHEIC ivakaliswe (ukususela ngo-2007), ezintathu zaqala ngo-2014.
Izimvo ezine ze-PHEIC
Epreli 2009 - H1N1 ubhubhane (i-Swine Flu)
Meyi 2014 - Ukubuyela emva kwePolio emva kwesifo esiseduze-ukupheliswa kwaqala ukunyuka
Agasti 2014 - Ebola eNtshona Afrika
NgoFebruwari 2016 - iZika eNtshona Koloni
I-WHO ayizange ivakalise i-MERS ukuba yi-PHEIC.
I-WHO igxekwa ngokungamemezeli i-Ebola iPHEIC ngaphambili. Isibhengezo asizange senziwe kuze kube ngu-Agasti 8, 2014. Oku bekukho emva kwemibutho efana ne-MSF eyayikhala i-alarm bell ngeenyanga.
Isibhengezo esinjalo sinokubambisa impendulo kwaye sisenza eso sifo sibe yinto ephambili kumazwe okujongana nawo. Isibhengezo siphinde sigxininise imfuneko yokuba singanyanzelisi umda wezoqoqosho kunye nezothutho kumazwe achaphazelekayo anokuthintela ukulwa nezi zifo. I-reflex yokuvala imida ingaba yingozi ngaphezu kokunceda.
Kwakukho uxinzelelo kwi-WHO ukuba ingaphumeleli ekumemezeni iPHEIC elandelayo. Oku bekugqithiseleyo ukuba intsholongwane ngokusasazeka kwiNtshonalanga yeHlabathi iboshwe kwi-defect-microcephaly, apho iintsana zizalwe zineentloko ezincinci kunye nobuchopho obungaphantsi.
Kukho iinkxalabo kwi- Yellow Fever e-Angola kunye ne-DRC nokuba ingaba ukuphazamiseka kwezibonelelo kunikezelo lwe-vaccine nokunikezelwa kufuneka kupapashwe nge-PHEIC.
Ingaba i-Zika i-Emergency Health Emergency?
I-WHO yathi i-Zika ibe yi-PHEIC ngomhla we-1 ka-Febhuwari 2016, nangona oku sele iphelile. I-Zika ngoku isifo sesifo.
Ababulali abaninzi abachaphazelekayo-TB, i-HIV, kunye ne-malariya-azinjalo neePHEIC. Ziyiengxaki zemihla ngemihla, kodwa zenza, ngelishwa, zibulala abantu abaninzi ngokubanzi kuneziganeko ezingxamisekileyo. Ngenhlanhla, iZika ayizange idibaniswe kunye nokulahlekelwa okufanayo njengoko izi zifo eziqhelekileyo ziye zenzeka.
Ziyintoni Le Nendlela Zika
I-Zika, kubantu abaninzi abachaphazelekayo, izifo ezintle. Esi sifo sinobubele kubasetyhini abakhulelweyo . Ixhalaba kukuba i-microcephaly-iincinci ezincinci kunye neengqondo ezingaphantsi-uphuhliso zibonakala zidibene nabantwana abazalelwe kubafazi ababenalo iZika ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwabo.
Akukho sikhohlo kwaye akukho unyango lweZika.
Impendulo kuZika ininzi inokuthintela. Oku kuthetha ukugcina umlumko ukusuka, ukuxhasa impilo yokuzala, nokutyalo-mali kuphando lokuqonda kangcono le sifo.
Ukulawulwa koMiququ kunokunceda njani
Ubuncwane be-Aedes buba nzima. Baye baluma kabini ngosuku-kusasa kusasa nasemva kwemini. Bajwayele ukungabhabhanga kakhulu kwaye bahlala apho abantu bahlala khona. Ukunciphisa imithombo yamanzi evulekileyo njengamathayi, i-puddles, kunye neentyantyambo zeentyatyambo zibalulekile ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwekhaya. Ukuphalaza kwegciwane kunye nokuphalaza umlingo omkhulu kunokunceda. Ukugcina isikhumba esikhuselekileyo kunokukhusela nokulwa.
Amanethi ebhedi anganciphisa inani lawo, kodwa amaninzi amanxeba ayenzeka ngamanye amaxesha abantu bengalali.
Kungaba nzima kakhulu ukukhusela, kungakhathaliseki ukuba kuthatyathwa kangakanani umzamo. Abaninzi bacinga ukuba ababi, kodwa bayakwenza. Ngenxa yobunzima bokugwema ukubamba, i-CDC ikhuthaze bonke abafazi base-US baphephe ukuhamba kwiindawo ezichaphazelekayo (ezibandakanya iPuerto Rico) kwaye babuyele e-US ukuba kwindawo echaphazelekayo.
Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba amazwe angavali imida, echaphazela ezothutho kunye nezoqoqosho kumazwe achaphazelekayo.
Indlela Exhasa Impilo Yokuzala Inokunceda njani
Abasetyhini kumazwe ase-El Salvador baya eJamaica baxelelwa ukuba bangakhulelwa. Abaninzi abanakho ukufikelela kwiinkonzo zempilo yokuzala ezifunekayo ukufikelela kunye nokusebenzisa ukukhulelwa. Uninzi unokuba nzima ukulawula ukuba ngaba ukhulelwe. Ukukhipha isisu-nokuba isisu esisicatshulwa ukuba sisisu sokukhupha isisu-singathwala izigwebo ezisemthethweni (kunye nezonyango) kubafazi. Ukuqinisekisa abafazi banokufikelela kwiinkonzo zempilo ezibavumela ukuba bathethe isigqibo sokuthi bazakhulelwa nini inxaxheba ekuphenduleni iZika.
Abasetyhini base-US baxelelwe ukuba bangahambi kumazwe achaphazelekayo (okt uninzi lweNtshona yeHemisphere) yi-CDC ukuba babe-okanye bekhulelwe.
Iimfuno zoPhando zokuqhubeka
Ukuqhagamshelana phakathi kwe-microcephaly kunye noZika akuzange kuboniswe. Kukho kusekho imibuzo eninzi malunga neZika. Inani leintsana ezinokuchaphazeleka kwaye umngcipheko wesibini okhulelweyo osulelekileyo sulelwe. Uninzi lwezifo ezibangelwa yiZika zibangelwa ziimpawu; Akucaci ukuba ngaba izifo ezithintekayo ziyakuchukumisa abafazi kunye neentsana zabo. Ayaziwa ngawaphi umgangatho wokukhulelwa kwe-HIV-okanye nokuba ingaba yintoni na into ekukhuselweni ngayo. Kwakhona kwaziwa nokuba kuthinteka kangakanani iintsana ezininzi. Abanye abantwana bakhula ukuze baphile ubomi obuqhelekileyo kunye ne-microcephaly. Abanye banokubambezeleka okukhulu.
Uphando olungakumbi lufunekayo ukuze uqondisise kangcono kwaye isilwe nesi sifo.