Yintoni i-PCR Analysis?
Uhlalutyo lwe-Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) yinkqubo yebhubhorari eyenzelwe ukuchonga inani elincinci le-DNA kwisampuli ngenkqubo eyaziwa ngokuba yi- amplification . Ngexesha lokuphakanyiswa kwe-PCR, i-DNA yomdla ikopishwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo de kubekho okwaneleyo ukuhlalutya nokubona. Ngokomzekelo, i-PCR ingasetyenziselwa ukuchonga inani elincinci le-DNA kwizinto eziphilayo ezenza i- gonorrhea okanye i- chlamydia ekhoyo kwisampuli yomchamo .
I-PCR isebenza njani?
Isinyathelo sokuqala kwi-PCR kukushushumbisa isampuli ukuze iDNA ephindwe kabini ihlukanise zibe ngamacandelo angatshatanga-oku kuthiwa yi- denaturation . Emva koko, iisampuli ezimfutshane zeDNA ezifanelana neziphelo ze-DNA ngokulandelelana, zidibene ne-DNA yesampuli. Emva koko, i-DNA polymerase isetyenziselwa ukuqala ukuphindaphinda kwe-DNA kwindawo yokuqala. Ekugqibeleni, i-DNA iyatshisa ukuhlula imida kwakhona, kwaye inkqubo yonke ye-PCR iqala kwakhona.
Isixa se-DNA ingxenye yesithakazelo esikhona kwi-sampuli yokwanda ngokukodwa ngomjikelezo ngamnye we-PCR: ikopi enye iya kuba zibini, ibe yinto emine, ibe yi-eight, njl njll; ngoko ngokuqhelekileyo, kufuneka kubekho iikhompyuthela ezingama-20 ukuya kuma-40 kuphela ukuqinisekisa ukuba ngaba i-DNA enombuzo ikhoyo (kwaye, ukuba kunjalo, ukubonelela isampuli esaneleyo yokuhlalutya).
Wonke amanyathelo okwenziwa kwe-polymerase chain - ekudaleni i-DNA, ukusebenzisa i-DNA, kunye nokuphakanyiswa kwe-DNA-eyenzeka ngamaqondo ahlukeneyo, ngoko emva kokuba umxube wokuqala uhlanganiswe, amanyathelo angalawulwa ngenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi- thermocycling , apho izinga lokushisa lugcinwe kumanqanaba afanelekileyo nje ngokude ngokwaneleyo ukuba isinyathelo ngasinye senzeke.
Ngako-ke, i-PCR yindlela ephumelelayo yokukhulisa inani le-DNA ekujoliswe kuyo kwi-tube eyodwa yokuvavanya engenamfuneko yokungenelela kwabantu.
I-Polymerase chain reactor ibonisa ukuguqulwa kwindlela yobomi xa iqala ukuqala kwiminyaka yee-1980, kwaye umdali we-PCR, uKary Mullis, wawina umvuzo weNobel eKhemistry ngomsebenzi wakhe ngo-1993.
Kutheni i-PCR ejongene novavanyo lwe-STD?
I-Polymerase chain reaction, kunye neendlela ezinxulumene ne- ligase chain reaction , zibonisa ukuba zibaluleke kakhulu ekuhlolweni kwe-STD. Oku kungenxa yokuba ezi zixhobo zingakwazi ukuchonga ngokuthe ngqo inani elincinci le-DNA okanye i-RNA kwisampuli. Ukuchonga i-genetic code of a pathogen akudingi ukuba i-pathogen iphile - njengenkcubeko yegciwane okanye inkcubeko yentsholongwane . Kwakhona akufuneki ukuba isifo senzeke ixesha elaneleyo elidlulileyo ukuba abantu bavelise ukusabela okubonakalayo kwe-antibody (njengokuba kufunyenwe ngu- ELISA .) Oku kuthetha ukuba iindlela ze-PCR ngezinye izihlandlo ziyakwazi ukubona izifo ngaphaya kwezinye iimvavanyo, kwaye ngaphandle imfuneko enkulu yokukhathazeka ngokugcina iisampula eziphilayo okanye ukuvavanya ngexesha elifanelekileyo.