Xa izazinzulu zenza iindidi ezithile zezifundo eziza kuba zilinganisa loo mntu ngomntu okanye ngeenyanga. (Uphando olulindelekileyo luhlobo olulandelayo lulandela iqela elikhulu labantu phezu kwexesha.) Iminyaka yomntu kunye neenyanga zomntu iintlobo zokulinganisa ziqwalasele zombini inani labantu ekufundweni kunye nesixa somntu ngamnye umntu ohlala kwisifundo.
Ngokomzekelo, isifundo esilandela abantu abayi-1000 ngomnyaka o-1 wawuza kubandakanya iminyaka engama-1000 yomntu wedatha. Uphononongo olwalandela abantu abayi-100 kwiminyaka eyi-10 luya kuba noluntu lweminyaka eyi-1000 yolwazi. Inani elifanayo leenkcukacha liza kuqokelelwa, kodwa liya kuqokelelwa kubantu abambalwa abafundelwa ixesha elide lokulandela.
Uhlalutyo lokuSinda
Umntu kunye neenyanga zomntu bahlala besetyenziselwa ukulinganiswa kwexesha kwizifundo ezihlalutya idatha yabo ngokusebenzisa ijika ze-Kaplan-Meier. Oku kwaziwa nangoku ngokuthi "uhlalutyo lokusinda." Uhlalutyo lokusinda luvumela oososayensi ukuba baqikelele ukuba kuthatha ixesha elide kangangokuba isiqingatha sabemi senze isiganeko. Kubizwa ngokuba uhlalutyo lokusinda ngenxa yokuba le nkqubo yaqala ukujonga indlela izinto ezahlukahlukeneyo ezichaphazela ngayo ubude bomi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuhlalutya kwamhlanje kusetyenziswa ngabaphandi kuwo onke amacandelo - ukusuka kwizoqoqosho ukuya kumayeza. Uhlalutyo lokusinda luxolela ngakumbi iintlobo ezithile zeengxaki zeenkcukacha kunezinye iintlobo zokuhlalutya.
Ngokukodwa, ukuxolela ngabantu abalahlekelwa ukulandelelana. Kungenxa yokuba banako ukunikela ixesha lokufunda, nokuba bahamba ngaphandle kokufumana isiganeko.
Izifundo ze-STD Ukusebenzisa iminyaka yoMntu
Uninzi lweengxelo zophando ezijongene nezifo ezithathelwana ngesondo ziye zasebenzisa umntu njengomntu njengecandelo lokuhlalutya kwabo.
Imizekelo embalwa ichazwe ngezantsi:
- Uvavanyo luka-2015 lubhekiselele ukuba usulelo lwe- hepatitis C (HCV) lukhusele umngcipheko we-thrombosis ye-veinsis (DVT) enzulu kunye nemiphumo yempilo ehambelanayo. Uphononongo lufumene ukuba ukusuleleka kwe-HCV kuye kwandisa ingozi ye-DVT kodwa kungekhona umlinganiselo we-pulmonary emboli (i-blood clots kwimiphunga.)
- Uphononongo luka-2014 lubhekise ukuba bangaphi abantu abaphila ne- HIV bangexesha elide lokungabikho koxinzelelo. Uphononongo lufumene ukuba nangona abantu bebenzela kwiminyaka eyi-10 emva kokusuleleka ngaphandle kokunyuka, ininzi yabo ekugqibeleni iya kuqhubela phambili kwi- AIDS ngaphandle kwonyango .
- Uphononongo olwenziwa ngo-2013 lubonise ukuba abasetyhini ababonisa unyango lokungabikho komntwana abakwaziyo ukukhulelwa, ngaphandle kwe-IVF, ukuba bavavanya i- chlamydia kunokuba bengenayo.
Ixesha liyinxalenye ebalulekileyo kuzo zonke ezi zifundo. Kwisifundo sokungazinzi, kwakungekho nje into yokuba ngaba abafazi bekhulelwe, kubalulekile ukuba kuthatha ixesha elingakanani. Ukubambisana nexesha kubonakala ngakumbi kwi-HIV. Kwafuna ukwazi ukuba kuthathe ixesha elingakanani ukuba abantu bathuthuke kwi-HIV ukuya kuGawulayo.
Imithombo:
I-MD, i-Sauerbrun-Cutler MT, i-Durante MS, i-Moshier E, i-Stein DE, i-Gonzales E. I-Positive Chlamydia i-serchomatis serology ibangela kubasetyhini abafuna ukunyamekela ukungabikho komntwana ngumxhasi ombi wokukhulelwa kwangaphakathi. I-Dis Transm Dis. 2013 Nov; 40 (11): 842-5. i-doi: 10.1097 / OLQ.0000000000000035.
van der Helm JJ, Geskus R, Lodi S, Meyer L, Schuitemaker H, Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer B, Monforte Ad, Olson A, Touloumi G, Sabin C, Porter K, Prins M; ICASCADE Ukusebenzisana nge-EuroCoord. Ubungqina bexesha elide lokungaqhubekiyo lwe-HIV-1 usulelo emva kwe-seroconversion: isifundo seqela. Lancet HIV. 2014 Oct; 1 (1): e41-8. i-doi: 10.1016 / S2352-3018 (14) 70016-5.
Wang CC, Chang CT, Lin CL, Lin IC, Kao CH. I-Hepatitis C I-Virus Infection ehambelana nobungozi obunzulu be-Vein Deep I-Thrombosis: I-Study Based Group. Amachiza (iBaltimore). 2015 Sep; 94 (38): e1585. i-doi: 10.1097 / MD.0000000000001585.