Izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi zizinye zezifo ezinzima kakhulu kwihlabathi ukuba zibambe. Kufuneka ube sisondele kunye nobuqu ukuze usasaze. Kutheni ke, kutheni i-STD ixhaphake kangaka? Ngenxa yokuba abantu abazi indlela yokunyanga , ukuthintela , nokuziphepha. Okanye xa bekwenza, bahlala bengathandi ukwenza ngokufanelekileyo.
Yintoni i-STD? I-STD nayiphi na isifo esisasazeka ngokukodwa ngokuqhagamshelana ngesondo. Elinye iqabane lidlulisela isifo esibangela isifo kumnye umlingane ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo ( ngomlomo / ngesisu / umlenze / njl.).
Azikho zonke izifo ezichaphazela izitho zesini zithathwa njenge-STD. Abanye abangekho nxu lumene nezesondo. Ezinye izifo zihambelana ngesondo. Izifo ezinxulumene nezesondo azidlulanga ngexesha lesondo. Nangona kunjalo, banokudityaniswa ngesondo. Ngokomzekelo, izifo ezithintela umchamo aziqhelekanga ngesondo, kodwa ukucaphukisa ngexesha lokulala kungaholela kwelinye.
Nazi ezinye ii- STD eziqhelekileyo nezifo ezinxulumene ngesondo ezifanele ukuba zibe kwi-screen yakho ye-radar.
Chlamydia
I-Chlamydia iyona nto ixhaphakileyo ye-STD. Ichaphazela umlomo wesibeleko kubasetyhini kunye ne-penile urethra kumadoda. Iimpawu zayo eziqhelekileyo zintlungu ngexesha lesini kunye nokukhupha kwi-penis okanye kwisini. Nangona kunjalo, isizathu sokuba i- chlamydia enye ye-STD eqhelekileyo kukuba abantu abaninzi abafumana i-chlamydia abanalo iimpawu zeveki, iinyanga, okanye neminyaka. Ngamanye amazwi, baxhamla .
Nangona kunqongophala kweempawu, kubalulekile ukuba uhlolwe kwaye uphathwe xa ucinga ukuba uye wavelelwa kwi-chlamydia. Ukuba awukwazi, kungenza umonakalo omkhulu emzimbeni wakho ngexesha elide . Ufuna ukuphepha ukufumana i-chlamydia? Iikhondom zisebenza ngokufanelekileyo ekukhuselweni kwesi sifo .
Gonorrhea
I-Gonorrhea , enye into eyaziwa ngokuthi "i-clap," yinto enye ye-STD evamile. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ichaphazela izitho ezifanayo njenge-chlamydia kwaye inemiphumo efana nexesha elide.
Iimpawu ze-gonorrhea zibandakanya ukutshisa xa uchama kwaye, ngamadoda, amhlophe, aphuzi, okanye uhlaza ovela kwipenisi. Njengokuba kunjalo ne-chlamydia, nangona kunjalo, abaninzi abantu abanegonorrhea abanalo iimpawu. Yingakho ii-CDC ziqikelela ukuba, eUnited States yodwa, kukho iimeko ezingaphezu kwe-120 kubantu abayi-100,000 ... kwaye loo nombolo inyuke iminyaka emininzi.
Owe, kwaye ukuba ungomnye walabo bantu abacinga ukuba isondo somlomo sisondo olukhuselekileyo (okanye awukho ngesondo nonke), kufuneka ukwazi ukuba i-gonorrhea inokuphazamisa umqala.
Njengamanje, enye yeyona nkxalabo enkulu malunga ne-gonorrhea iyayiphatha. Kukhona ingxaki ekhulayo ye -gonorrhea engaxhatshazwayo . Ngenye imini, i-gonorrhea ayinakuphulukiswa nonke.
Syphilis
I-Syphilis yi-STD eqhelekileyo kunye nembali ephawulekayo. Ebangelwa yi-britterium Treponema pallidum , inokubangela iingxaki ezinzulu xa zingashiywanga.
I-Syphilis isasazwa ngokuqhagamshelana ngqo kunye nezilonda zesifo se-syphilis, ezingabonakala kwizitho zangasese zangaphandle kunye nomlomo , kunye nasesiswini okanye kwi-rectum. Oko kuthetha ukuba inokudluliselwa ngesondo ngomlomo kunye nobulili bomzimba okanye ubulili. Enyanisweni, ezinye izazinzulu zicinga ukuba isondo somlomo sinomthwalo wokunyuka kwama-syphilis kubantu abalala ngesondo nabantu.
Ngenxa yokuba izilonda ze-syphilis zingabonakala kwiindawo ezingakhange zikhutshwe ngekhondom, iikhondom zinciphisa kuphela amathuba okuhambisa kodwa aziyikukuphelisa ngokupheleleyo. Izilonda ezincinane ezingenabuhlungu (chancres) ze-syphilis zakudala ziyakwazi ukuphilisa ngokwazo, kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba isifo sele siphelile. Kunzima kakhulu ukufumana nokunyanga.
Mycoplasma Genitalium
Ngo-2007, isifundo esivelele seentsha zase-US safumanisa ukuba i-STD engaziwayo, i- Mycoplasma genitalium yayidlulele i-gonorrhea ebuninzi. Ngaphezulu, i- MG , njenge-gonorrhea kunye ne-chlamydia, iqalisa ukuvela njengesona sizathu esibangela ukuba i-cervicitis ibe ngowesifazane kunye ne-nongonococcal urethritis emadodeni.
Kutheni kuthathe ixesha elide ukuqonda ukubaluleka kwesi sifo esiqhelekileyo sesi-STD? Uninzi lweziganeko zikaM. Genitalium azibangeli iimpawu. Kwakunzima ukubona ukuba iteknoloji entsha itholakale. Kukhokho uvavanyo lovavanyo lweMG olususwe yi-FDA ukuze isebenzise e-US
Nangona uphando olusakhulayo alukacacanga, kucatshangelwa ukuba iMG idibene nemiphumo emibi yesikhathi eside, kuquka ukungabikho kwintsholongwane evela kwizifo ezivuthayo .
Trichomoniasis
I-Trichomoniasis yinto exhaphakileyo ye-STD, kunye nosulelo oluqhelekileyo kubasetyhini kunamadoda. Abanye abasetyhini banokuphosakela le ntsholongwane yesifo sovuba okanye i- bacterial vaginosis ekubeni iimpawu zifana: ukukhutshwa kwamanzi , ukuvumba kwamanzi , ubuhlungu kwintlobano , ukucaphukisa, nokukhupha .
Amadoda anokufumana i-trichomoniasis, kodwa abavumi ukuba neempawu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ungumfazi oye wafumanisa ukuba unesi sifo, qiniseka ukuba iqabane lakho liyaphathwa. Ukuba iqabane lakho liyindoda, ukuchithwa akunakukuchaphazela kakhulu, kodwa awufuni ukuba akubuyisele yona. Ukuba iqabane lakho liyinkwenkwekazi, unokuba udlulisela isifo esinye nesinye.
I-Papilloma Virus / HPV
I-HPV isenokwenzeka ukuba yi-STD eqhelekileyo. Izifundo ezindala ngaphambi kokuba kuphunyezwe i-HPV igxininiswe ukuba iikota ezintathu zabantu abasebenzisana ngokwesondo ne-HPV ngethuba elithile ngexesha lobomi babo kunye nekota yesine yabasetyhini basuleleke naliphi na ixesha.
I-HPV ingaziwa ngokuba yi " ntsholongwane yomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko ," kodwa kuphela iindidi ezimbalwa ze-HPV ezixhunywa nomhlaza, kwaye zidibaniswe ngaphezu komhlaza wesibeleko . Eminye ibangela iimfazwe zobulili , ezinye iilts , okanye akukho zibonakalo.
Nangona i-HPV ithathwa njengingenakuphulukiswa, iimpawu zayo zinokunyangwa, kwaye abaninzi abantu bazisombulula iintsholongwane zabo. Kunconywa ukuba abantwana abaneminyaka eyi-11 ukuya kwe-12 bafumane i-HPV yokugonya ukukhusela amadoda namabhinqa amancinci kwiintlobo ezine eziqhelekileyo zentsholongwane.
HIV / AIDS
Intsholongwane kaGawulayo yintsholongwane kaGawulayo. Ingadluliselwa kuphela ngokutshintshiselwa kwamanzi omzimba-kuquka i- semen , izifihla zangasese, ubisi lwebele kunye negazi. Ayikwazi ukudluliselwa ngoqhagamshelwano oluqhelekileyo .
Okwangoku, abaninzi abantu abane-HIV baphathwa ngokudibanisa neziyobisi ezibizwa ngokuba yi-anti-retroviral therapy ( HAART ), okanye i-anti-retroviral ( cART ). Nangona ezi zonyango zingenako ukunyanga kwesi sifo, zinokunciphisa amathuba okuba usulelo luya kuqhubela phambili kuGawulayo. I-HIV ayisisona isigwebo sokufa. Abantu abaninzi abanesifo sengculaza bahlala ubomi obude kunye nobomi.
Iicuba / iLice yeLishi
" Amachule " yindlela yokuhlala ezinwele kwiindawo zesini somzimba kunye nakwezinye iindawo ezinomphefumlo onobuhlungu bomzimba, ezinjengeengqungquthela okanye iinki. Ngokuqhelekileyo banokusasazeka ngoqhagamshelwano lwezesondo , nangona nabo banokudluliselwa ngezinye iinkcazo ngeenaliti kunye nezambatho ezithintekayo.
Iimpawu zibandakanya ukutyhila kwindawo yesini kunye neengcewa okanye amaqanda abonakalayo . Kufuneka uyazi ukuba i- crab lice ayifani neentloko ze-head and that almost do not infest the hair in the head. Kwakhona akunjalo ukuba kufuneka uhlambele zonke iinwele zakho ze-pubic xa usulelekile.
Iziqholo
I-Scabi iyingozi yesifo esikhuselweyo esasigxina ngesondo. Ebangelwa yi- Saraste epabei i-parasite scabei , i- scabii ibangela ukugqithisa okugqithiseleyo okwenzeka ngakumbi ebusuku. Ukukhawuleza kudla ngokufumaneka kwiindawo ezinqabileyo zesikhumba, ezinjengeeminwe, kwizandla kunye nasezinqeni, nakwindawo yokulala.
I-Scabi iyakhuphaza kakhulu, kwaye i-mite ingaphila iintsuku emzimbeni womntu. Akusasazeka kuphela ngoqhagamshelwano olusondeleyo kodwa ngokuqhagamshelana nolusu kolukhuseleko ngokubanzi, izambatho ezikwabelwana ngazo, itilesi kunye nokulala.
Herpes / HSV
I-Herpes enye ye-STD yentsholongwane. Iza ngeendlela ezimbini, i- HSV1 kunye ne-HSV2 . I-HSV1 idla ngokuqhagamshelana nezilonda ezibandayo, kwaye i-HSV2 idla ngokuqhagamshelana nezilonda zomzimba. Nangona kunjalo, kunokwenzeka ukudlulisela i-herpes emlonyeni ukuya kwizitho zangasese kunye nangona kunjalo.
Izimpawu ze-Herpes zingaphathwa ngezilwanyana ezinxamnye ne-virus, kodwa intsholongwane ayikwazi ukuphiliswa. Abantu abanentsholongwane ye-herpes kufuneka bazi ukuba banokuhambisa intsholongwane nangona bengenazo izilonda okanye ezinye iimpawu. Nangona ukusebenzisa ikhondom kunokunciphisa umngcipheko wokusasazwa kwe-herpes, iikhondom azikho ipesenti eziyi-100 ukususela ekubeni i-herpes isasaza isikhumba esikhumbeni .
I-Hepatitis / HBV
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze- hepatitis . Nangona iipilisi ezahlukileyo zisasazwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, zonke zidala umonakalo kwisibindi. Uhlobo lwe-hepatitis oluqhelekileyo oludibaniswa nokudluliselwa ngokwesondo ngu- hepatitis B (HBV). Nangona kunjalo, i- hepatitis C ingasasazeka ngesondo.
Emva kwexesha, ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane engapheliyo ne-hepatitis B kunokukhokelela ekubhenkeleni kwesibindi, isifo se- cirrhosis, nesifo somhlaza . Ngethamsanqa, kukho isitofu sokukhusela isifo sokukhusela. Nangona kunjalo, malunga ne-1.25 yezigidi zabantu baseUnited States banesifo esingapheliyo ngeHBV.
Chancroid
I-Chancroid iyisifo sesilonda esiswini esibangelwa yi-britterium Haemophilus ducreyi. Nangona kungabonakaliyo e-United States, kwezinye iindawo zezilwanyana zonyango lwe-chancroid ziyingozi enkulu ye-HIV.
Izilonda ezibangelwa i-chancroid ngokubanzi zikhulu kwaye zibuhlungu ngakumbi kunezo ezinxulumene ne-syphilis, nangona iimpawu zokuqala zingaphoswa ngenxa yentsholongwane ka -syphilis .
I-Bacterial Vaginosis / BV
I-bacterium vaginosis yimeko apho ibhakteria enempilo ebhinqa yowesifazane ichitheka kwaye ithatyathwa yimizimba eyahlukeneyo. Iimpawu zibandakanya ukutshisa kunye nokutshiza ngapha nangasese, kumhlophe okanye kumhlophe, kunye nephunga elinamandla elinokuthi libonakala ngokugqithisileyo emva kokulala.
Abanye abantu bayabuza ukuba okanye i-BV ingumntu we-STD, kodwa inxulumene nokuba nomlingani omtsha wesini okanye iqabane lamadoda amaninzi. Ungathatha i-antibiotics ukulahla i-BV, kodwa iphinda ibonise kwakhona nangemva kokunyanga impumelelo. Usulelo lunokunyusa umngcipheko wesifazane we-HIV, isifo sesifo se-pelvic , kunye nokuzalwa kwangaphambi kwexesha (iintsana ezalwa ngokukhawuleza).
INongonoccocal Urethritis (NGU)
Ngokungafani neentlobo ezininzi ze-STD ezikhankanyiweyo kule ngqungquthela, i- urethritis ye-nongonoccoc ayibangelwa yi-britrium ethile okanye intsholongwane. Kunoko, ichazwa njengaluphi na uhlobo lwe-urethritis engabangelwa yi-gonorrhea. Izizathu ezibini eziqhelekileyo ze-NGU zi-chlamydia kunye ne- Mycoplasma genitalium . Iimpawu ze-NGU ziquka ukutshisa xa uchama kunye nokukhupha ephuma entloko ye-penis. Nangona kunjalo, njengamanye amaninzi ama-STD, amaninzi amatyala e-NGU awanamathuba .
Molluscum Contagiosum
I-Molluscum contagiosum yintsholongwane yesikhumba esoloko ichaphazela abantwana abancinci kunye nabantu abadala abaye banciphisa amayeza omzimba. Idluliselwa ngoqhagamshelwano olusesikweni, kwaye ngoko ke phakathi kwabantu abadala nabo banokudluliselwa ngexesha loqhagamshelwano lwezesondo.
MRSA
UMasipala we-MRSA , okanye i- staphylococcus aureus engamelana ne-methicillin , ayikho into ephambili ekucingweni njengesifo soxhatshazwa ngesondo, nangona uphando olutsha lubonisa ukuba mhlawumbi lunokudluliselwa ngesondo. Nangona uninzi lweziganeko ze-MRSA zifunyanwa esibhedlele okanye ezinye izicwangciso zonyango, zingasasazwa ngokuqhagamshelana ngqo kwesikhumba.
Lymphogranuloma Venereum
I-Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) isifo esithathelwana ngesondo esasisetyenziswa ngokubhekiselele ekubeni sithintela abantu kwilizwe elikhulayo. Nangona kunjalo, ngoku kuphakama jikelele. Emva kokuqhambuka kokuqala kwindoda elalana namadoda (MSM) eNetherlands ngo-2003, i-LGV ifumaneke kumaqela ahlukeneyo akwa-MSM ngaphaya kweYurophu, eNyakatho Melika nase-Australia. Ekubangelwa uhlobo lwe- Chlamydia trachomatis , i-LGV inxulumene ngokuthetheleleka ngu-HIV kwaye, njengamanye amaninzi ama-STD, inokwenyusa umngcipheko wokudluliselwa kwe- HIV kunye nokufumana.
> Imithombo:
> 2015 Izifo ezithathelwana ngesondo ngeZifo zoNyango. CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/default.htm.
Imiba evelayo. CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/emerging.htm.
> Izifo ezithathelwana ngesondo (STDs) Iinkcukacha kunye nezibalo. CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/std/stats/default.htm.