I-Hepatitis B yenye yeendlela ezinhlanu eziyaziwayo ze-hepatitis ezinokuchaphazela abantu. Zonke iintsholongwane ze- hepatitis zichaphazela isibindi, kodwa zineendlela ezahlukileyo zokusasaza kwaye zenza amanqanaba ahlukeneyo omonakalo.
Iimpawu ze-Hepatitis B
Ubuninzi abangama-70% abantu abasuleleka ngu-hepatitis B baya kubonisa ezinye iimpawu zentsholongwane. Iimpawu ze-Hepatitis B zivame ukubonakala ezinyangeni ezintathu zentsholongwane, kwaye zingabandakanya ezinye okanye zonke ezi zinto zilandelayo: i-jaundice (ukuphuzila kwesikhumba / abamhlophe kwamehlo), ukukhathala, isisu, isisu, isisu, ukuhlanza, intlungu, i-fever ephantsi, kunye neempawu ezifana nezifo.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, abantwana abanako ukufumana iimpawu kunabantu abadala.
Ubunzima obunokwenzeka bentsholongwane ye-hepatitis B (HBV) isifo esondelelene nobudala. Ngethamsanqa, ama-94% abantu abadala kunye nabantwana abakhulileyo abanesifo se-HBV baya kucima intsholongwane emva kweenyanga ezine emva kokuba bebona iimpawu. Bonke abahlala benesifo sengculaza. Ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane ye-HBV, eyona eqhelekileyo kwiintsana nabantwana abasulelekileyo isifo sengculaza kunabantu abadala, kunokukhokelela kwi-cirrhosis, ukuhluleka kwesibindi, okanye ukufa. Amaphesenti angama-90 ezintsholongwane ezithelelekile nge-hepatitis B ngexesha lokunikezelwa ziya kuba ne-HIV engapheliyo, njengokuba kuya kuba malunga ne-30% yabantwana abathatshelwe phakathi kweminyaka eli-5 ukuya kweyimihlanu.
Ukufudumala kwe-Hepatitis B
I-Hepatitis B ingasasazwa ngesondo, ngokusebenzisa ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, ngexesha lokunikezwa usana, kunye nezinye iintlobo zegazi (ukubethelwa kwamazinyo, i-razors, njl.).
Ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokusasaza ngesondo, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa iikhondom rhoqo xa ulala ngesondo. Ukugwema ukwabelana ngezinto eziye zazingcoliswa ngegazi, ezinjengeebhokhwe okanye i-razor blades, kubalulekile. I-HBV ingakwazi ukuhlala isifo esingaphandle komzimba ukuya kwiintsuku ezisixhenxe, ngoko kubalulekile ukuhlala ugqoka iiglavu xa uhlambulula igazi-nokuba lime.
Isisombululo se-1:10 se-bleach kunye namanzi singasetyenziswa ukubulala intsholongwane kwiindawo ezininzi.
Ngenxa yobunzima bentsholongwane ye-hepatitis B kwiintsana, kubaluleke kakhulu kubafazi abakhulelweyo ukuba bavavanyelwe intsholongwane. Nangona kungekho nonyango ye-hepatitis B, kukho unyango kunye nezindlela zokunciphisa amathuba okuba iza kudluliselwa kwiintsana ngexesha lokunikezelwa.
Uvavanyo lwe-Hepatitis B kunye noTyango
I-Hepatitis B ingafumaneka ukuba ihlolwe ngokusetyenziswa kwegazi. Ngokomyinge, abaninzi abantu abanesifo esichukumisayo, abasulelekileyo, baya kuhlola uvavanyo lweentsholongwane kwisithuba seveki ezine, nangona kungathatha abantu ukuya kwiinyanga ezimbini ngaphambi kokuba isifo sifumaneke.
Akukho ntshoyo yokusuleleka kakubi nge-hepatitis B. Uninzi lwabantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwemihlanu, abanesifo sengculaza baya kucima intsholongwane yabo kwisithuba seveki ezili-15 zokuqala. Ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane ye-hepatitis B iyaphiliswa, kodwa ayinakuphilisa, kwaye abantu abachaphazelekayo abane-HBV kufuneka baphephe utywala ngenxa yokuba kunokubangela ukuba impilo yabo yesibindi ibe nzima. Ngaphandle kwonyango, phakathi kwe-15% kunye ne-25% yabantu abanesifo esingapheliyo ne-hepatitis B ekugqibeleni baya kufa ngesifo sesibindi esingapheliyo.
Thintelo
I-Hepatitis B ingaba yodwa isifo esithintekayo ngokwesondo. Kuye kwafumaneka isitofu sokukhusela intsholongwane ukususela ngowe-1982. Oogqirha abaninzi bancoma ukugonywa rhoqo kwintsapho kubantwana kunye nentsha, kwaye abantu abadala abangagonyanga ngethuba lobuncinci nabo baviwa abafanelekileyo kwi-vaccine. Isigodlo sokukhusela i-HBV sikhusela abantu ubuncinane iminyaka engama-23 kwaye sisinye seentsholongwane ezikhuselekileyo kwiimarike (nangona akufaneleki kunikwe abantu abachasayo kwimvubelo). Kubantu abangenayo i-inshurensi yezempilo, okanye ukuba ngubani okhuseleko olungagqithwanga, amanye amasebe ezempilo enza ukuba igonyo ifumaneke mahhala okanye ngexabiso eliphantsi.
Ukuba ulungele nayiphi na imigaqo elandelayo, kufuneka ucinge ngokugonywa:
- Abantu abaneziqabane ezininzi zesini
- Abantu abanokuxilongwa kwangaphambili kwe-STD
- Amadoda abelana ngesondo kunye namadoda
- Abantu abanomlingani wesini kunye ne-hepatitis
- Abantu abasebenzisa izidakamizwa zejoyi, okanye abasebenzisana nabo abasebenzisa
- Abantu ababelana ngentsapho nomntu onesifo esesifo sengqondo sokugula
- Abasebenzi bezempilo
- Izilwanyana zeDialyse
Imithombo
I-CDC Viral Hepatitis / I-Hepatitis B I-Fact Sheet
I-CDC Viral Hepatitis / I-Hepatitis B Imibuzo Yesihloko Page