Ingozi kunye nokuxhaphaka kweentlobo ezinhlanu ze-hepatitis
Ukuba wena okanye othandekayo unokufumana uhlobo oluthile lwe-hepatitis yintsholongwane, unokuzibuza ukuba bangaphi abantu abanesi sifo. Nanku ukukhangela kwenyameko kunye nesiganeko seentlobo ezi-hlanu ze-hepatitis e-United States nakwihlabathi jikelele.
Usulelo lwe-Hepatitis kwi-US nakwihlabathi jikelele
Ukuba uye wafumanisa ukuba unenye yefom ye-hepatitis, awuyedwa.
Kucingelwa ukuba malunga neepesenti ezimbini zabantu baseUnited States bahlala nesifo esingapheliyo sesifo se-hepatitis B okanye ukusuleleka kwe-hepatitis C, kungakhankanyi ezinye iifom ezintathu. I-hepatitis ingabangela ukugula okanye ukufa ngenxa yeempawu zentsholongwane kunye neengxaki ezinokuphuhliswa.
Ehlabathini lonke, i-hepatitis (ikakhulukazi i-hepatitis B kunye ne-hepatitis C) yayijongene nokufa kwabantu abayizigidi ezili-1,34 ngo-2015. Ukungabikho kwesifo se-hepatitis kungabangela i-cirrhosis yesibindi kunye neentsholongwane ze-fover , ezingaphantsi kwama-96 ekhulwini abantu abafa kwi-virus ye-viral hepatitis nayiphi na ihlabathi emhlabeni. I-World Health Organization (i-WHO) iphinda ixele ukuba ukufa kwabantu abasuka kwi-hepatitis benyuke iipesenti ezingama-22 ukususela ngo-2000.
Ukuthintela nokuPhathwa Kuya phambili
La manani angavakala ingcangcazeliso, kodwa inkqubela phambili eyenziwa kokubili ukukhusela kunye unyango lweendlela ezahlukeneyo ze-hepatitis. I-vaccination ikhoyo ngoku i- hepatitis A kunye ne- hepatitis B , kwaye ekubeni i-hepatitis D iphela kuphela xa isifo sentsholongwane ye-hepatitis B ikhona, oku kushiya kuphela i-hepatitis C kunye ne-hepatitis E efuna isidlo sokukhusela.
Ukongezelela, ukuqonda okungcono kunye nokulawulwa kweziganeko zobungozi zesifo kunokunciphisa ngempumelelo imeko ezininzi.
Isiganeko esichaphazelayo
Ngaphambi kokuba uxoxe ngamanani athile kunye nenani-manani, kunceda ukuthetha malunga nala manani. Isiganeko sentsholongwane kubhekisela kumaphi amaninzi amatyala esi sifo afunyaniswa kunyaka othile.
Ngokomzekelo, iziganeko zonyaka ze-hepatitis A zibhekisela kwinani labantu abaxilongwa ngokuba ne-hepatitis A ngaphezu kwendawo ethile kwindawo ethile. Ubuninzi bentsholongwane , ngokuchaseneyo, lubhekisela kwinani labantu abaphila nesifo. Oku akubandakanyi nje ngabantu abafumene unyango kunyaka othile, kodwa abo bafunyanwe ngaphambili kodwa baqhubeka behlala nesifo.
Akukho "Mbi" Uhlobo lwe-Hepatitis
Nangona ezinye iintlobo ze-hepatitis zinokuthi zibulawe okanye zibangele iingxaki ezingapheliyo zangexesha elide, akukho uhlobo oluthile lwe-hepatitis olubi ngaphezu kolunye xa lufika kubantu ngabanye. Umzekelo, nangona kukho abantu abaninzi abafayo kwi-hepatitis B kune-hepatitis A, umntu ngamnye unokuhamba kangcono nge-hepatitis B kune-hepatitis A. Ubukhulu bezi zifo kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka ukufikelela kwonyango olululo, nokuba Urhulumente ophetheyo ukhula, kunye nokunye okuninzi.
I-Hepatitis A Izibalo
Ngokungafani nezinye iintlobo zesifo se-hepatitis esingaba nesimo esingapheliyo, isifo sobhubhane lwe-hepatitis A (kunye ne-hepatitis E) senziwa nje kuphela njengesifo esibi, oku kuthetha ukuba sele usulele isifo, asithanga ingcambu emzimbeni.
Uza kufumana isifo okanye ufe ngenxa yesifo (kwaye abantu abaninzi basinda.) Isifo sisoloko sinezibonakaliso zesifo se-jaundice, njenge-yellowing yolusu, kunye neempawu ezinjenge-fridays eziphambili ngexesha, kodwa kwiimeko ezinqabileyo zingakhokelela ukuhluleka kwesibindi nokufa.
Ingozi ye-hepatitis A e-US: Ngo-2014, kukho ii-1,239 iimeko ze-hepatitis A ezixelwe e-United States ngenani eliqikelelweyo eli-2 500. Ngamanye amagama, abantu abaphindwe kabini kulindeleke ukuba bahlakulele eso sifo njengabo abanesifo esi sifumaneke ngokusemthethweni kwaye saxelwa. Inani eliqikelelweyo ngo-2015 li-2,800.
Ukufa e-US: Kwakukho ukufa kwabangama-76 abachazwe kwi-hepatitis A e-US ngo-2014.
Ehlabathini lonke: WHO iqikelela ukuba i-Hepatitis A ibangela ukufa kwabantu abayi-11 000 ngo-2015.
Indlela yokusasazeka ngayo: I- Hepatitis A isasazeka ngomlomo, ngamanzi okanye ukutya okuhlaselwe yintsholongwane. Ixesha lokuxubusha, elixesha eliphakathi kokuchaswa kunye nokuqala kweempawu, ngokuqhelekileyo lijikeleze iiveki ezimbini ukuya kweyesithupha, kwaye isifo singasifumana ukuhlolwa kwegazi.
I-Hepatitis B Izibalo
Ukutheleleka kwe-Hepatitis B kunokuqondwa kakuhle ngokuphula le sifo ukuya kwizifo ezikhuselekileyo kunye nezifo ezingapheliyo.
Ukutheleleka ngokuthe ngqo kumagciwane angapheliyo: Xa uqala ukubonakaliswa kwi-hepatitis B, iimpawu zivame ukuvela malunga neentsuku ezingama-45 ukuya kwiinyanga ezintandathu kamva. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yixesha lokutshala. Amaphesenti angama-70 abantu baya kuba neempawu ngeentsholongwane eziphezulu ze-hepatitis B.
Kubantu abaninzi, ngakumbi abantu abadala kunye nabantwana abakhulileyo, intsholongwane iya kusulwa emzimbeni emva kokusuleleka kosuleleko. Ngokwahlukileyo, malunga neepesenti ezithandathu zabantu abadala, iipesenti ezingama-30 zabantwana, kunye neepesenti ezingama-90 zeentsana ezibonakaliswe ngokuzalwa aziyi kucima intsholongwane kwaye iya kuphuhlisa isifo sengqondo esipheleleko sesifo se-hepatitis B. Aba bantu babhekwa njengabathwali kuba isifo segciwane lihlala egazini labo kwaye abo batyhila kwigazi labo banokuphuhlisa eso sifo.
I-hepatitis B eqhelekileyo e-US: Ngo-2014 kukho ii-2,953 iziganeko ezintsha ze-hepatitis B ezibhalwe e-United States, kodwa kuqikelelwa ukuba iimeko ezingama-19 ezintsha zenzeke (kucingelwa ukuba izinga langempela lilinganiselwa kuma-6.48 ngamaxesha anikwe ingxelo.)
Ukuxhaphaka kwe-hepatitis B engapheliyo e-US: Kucingelwa ukuba kukho i-850,000 ukuya kwizigidi ezi-2.2 zabantu abahlala ne-hepatitis B engapheliyo e-United States ngo-2016.
Ukufa e-US: Ngo-2014 kwakukho ukufa kwe-1843 apho i-hepatitis B yayibhalwe kwisatifikethi sokufa.
Ehlabathini lonke: Kukholelwa ukuba abantu abayizigidi ezingama-240 banesifo sesifo se-hepatitis B emhlabeni wonke, kunye nabantu abangama-786,000 abafa ngenxa yeengxaki zesifo ngamnye unyaka. I-Hepatitis B yiyona nto ibangela imbindi ye- cirrhosis yesibindi emhlabeni jikelele.
Indlela yokusasazeka ngayo: I- Hepatitis B idluliselwa ngokuchasene ngqo kwigazi okanye kwintsholongwane engcoliswe yintsholongwane. Iimpawu ziyakwazi ukuhluka kumnene okanye akukho nanye indlela yokuhluleka kwesibindi nokufa. Unyango lwentsholongwane ekhuselekileyo lunonyango oluxhasayo, kunye neziyobisi ezinjengeyeza-anti virus kunye ne-interferon esetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo ezingapheliyo.
Izibalo ze-Hepatitis C
Njenge-hepatitis B, i- hepatitis C nayo inezimbini ezinzima kwaye zingapheliyo, nangona i-hepatitis C ininzi kakhulu kunokuba i-hepatitis B ibe yintsholongwane engapheliyo; ama-55 ukuya kuma-85 ekhulwini abantu baya kuhlakulela i-hepatitis C. engapheliyo. Ixesha lokuxubusha lesi sifo lingahluka kwiiveki ezimbini ukuya kwiinyanga ezintandathu, kwaye malunga neepesenti ezingama-80 zabantu abanayo impawu ngexesha lesiganeko sokugula. Phantse iipesenti ezingama-90 zesifo esingapheliyo sesifo se-hepatitis C sinokuphilisa ngemithi yokubulala unqulo. Nangona akakho okwamanje isitofu sokugonya sitholakale, uphando malunga nokugonywa luqhubeka .
Isiganeko esiphezulu se-hepatitis C e-US: Ngo-2014 bekukho ama-2,194 amatyala amatsha e-hepatitis C e-United States kodwa ama-30,000 athatyathwa amacala amatsha.
Ukuxhaphaka kwe-hepatitis C engapheliyo e-US: Kulinganiselwa ukuba abantu abaphakathi kwe-2.7 no-3.9 yezigidi bahlala nezifo ezingapheliyo zokugula kwe-hepatitis C e-United States.
Ukufa e-US: Ngo-2014, i-hepatitis C yayibhalwe njengesizathu sokufa kwiziqinisekiso zokufa ezingama-19,659 e-US Ixesha eliqhelekileyo labantu abafa phakathi kwama-55 no-64.
Ehlabathini lonke: WHO iqikelela ukuba abantu abayizigidi ezingama-71 banesifo se-hepatitis C emhlabeni jikelele. Abantu abaninzi abanesi sifo baya kuhlakulela umdlavuza we-cirrhosis okanye umdlavuza wesibindi, kwaye isifo sibangele ukufa kwabantu abangama-399,000 emhlabeni wonke unyaka.
Indlela yokusasazeka ngayo: I- Hepatitis C, njenge-hepatitis B, isasazeka ngokutyhila kwigazi okanye kwidoda.
I-Hepatitis D Iinkcukacha
Intsholongwane ye-Hepatitis D (ebizwa ngokuba yi-delta agent) iyafana nezinye iifethe ze-hepatitis, kodwa inokutheleleka kuphela abo basulelekile kwi-virus ye-hepatitis B. Usuleleko luba neendlela ezimbini: Usulelo lwe-Co-infection apho usuleleke khona u-hepatitis D kunye ne-hepatitis B ngexesha elinye, kunye nokungafihlisi , apho i-infection ye-hepatitis D iyenzeka emva kokuba ususuleleke kwi-hepatitis B.. (esifana nokusuleleka kwesifo se-hepatitis A), ngelixa i-hepatitis D ingapheliyo yenza izinto ezinjenge-hepatitis B kwaye ingaqhubeka nokudala i-cirrhosis nokufa. I-superinfection ibonakala ikhunjulwe xa umntu onesifo sokugula kwesibindi B esagula ngokukhawuleza.
Iziganeko ze-Hepatitis D e-US: I- Hepatitis D ayiqhelekanga e-United States.
Ehlabathini lonke: Kucingelwa ukuba i-hepatitis D ichaphazela abantu abayizigidi ezili-15 emhlabeni jikelele.
Indlela yokusasazeka ngayo: Njenge-hepatitis B no-C, isasazeka ngokuthintana namanzi omzimba afana negazi elichaphazelekayo kunye neenja.
I-Hepatitis E Izibalo
Usulelo lwe-Hepatitis E lufana kakhulu ne-hepatitis A kuba luphela luseburhulumenteni kwaye luvame ukuba nesifo esizimeleyo. Nangona kunjalo, njenge-hepatitis A, abanye abantu banokuqhubeka nokuhlakulela i-hepatitis epheleleyo ( ukungaphumeleli kwesibindi ) kunye nokufa kwesi sifo.
Isifo se-Hepatitis E e-US: Ukusuleleka kwe-Hepatitis E akunqabile kwi-United States.
Ehlabathini lonke: Kuqikelelwa ukuba izigidi ezingama-20 zintsholongwane ze-hepatitis E zonyango kwihlabathi lonke, kwaye kuyinkathazo enkulu kwi-East naseMzantsi Asia. Kulezi zigidi, izigidi ezi-3.3 ziphenduka iimpawu ezinzima.
Ukufa: Kulinganiselwa ukuba abantu abangama-44,000 bafa ngo-2015 besuka kwi-hepatitis E ehlabathini lonke. Ingaba isifo esiyingozi kubafazi abakhulelweyo.
Indlela yokusasazeka ngayo: I- Hepatitis E idluliselwa ngendlela yomlomo (umtya kunye namanzi angcolileyo afana ne-hepatitis A) kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo ibangela iimpawu zendlela yokugaya.
Iigciwane Umsebenzi
Ukunikezelwa kwenani elikhulu labantu abachaphazelekayo ngenye indlela yesifo se-hepatitis, kubalulekile ukuqhelana neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zesifo. Kwabo basengozini, iigciwane zikhoyo ngoku zombini i-hepatitis A kunye ne-hepatitis B, kwaye ekubeni i-hepatitis D iphela kuphela kunye ne-hepatitis B, ezininzi zezi zifo ziyakhuselwa ngokugonywa.
Cinga u ku vavanywa
Ekubeni i-hepatitis C idla ngokungaqhelekanga ngexesha lesiganeko, kukho abantu abaninzi abathwala isifo kodwa abazi. Ukuba unomngcipheko , cela udokotela wakho ukuba akuvavanye kwisifo. Oko kwathiwa, abaninzi abantu bahlakulela intsholongwane ngaphandle kweemeko zobungozi, kwaye ngoku kuyacetyiswa ukuba wonke umntu ozelwe phakathi kuka-1945 no-1965 ahlolwe eso sifo.
> Imithombo:
> Amasebe okuLawula nokuVimbela (iCCDC). I-Hepatitis A: Imibuzo Neempendulo Zoluntu. Ukuhlaziywa ngoNovemba 2, 2017.
> Amasebe okuLawula nokuVimbela (iCCDC). I-Viral Hepatitis: I-Statistics kunye ne-Surveillance. Ukuhlaziywa ngoMeyi 11, 2017.
> I-World Health Organization (WHO). Ingxelo ye-Global Hepatitis, 2017 . Geneva. 2017.
> I-World Health Organization (WHO). I-Hepatitis C. Ukuhlaziywa kweyoKtobha 2017.
> I-World Health Organization (WHO). I-hepatitis D. Ukuhlaziywa kukaJulayi 2017.