Sibanzi
I-hepatitis isifo esibandakanya nayiphi na uhlobo lokuvuvukala kwesibindi, umphumo wenkqubo enzima eyenzekayo xa isibindi sinobungozi. Oku kunokudideka ukuba unalo uhlobo lwesifo sofuba esingesi sifo esithathelwanayo. Igama elithi hepatitis lingahle liphulwe phantsi kwegama elithi "hepa" elibhekisela kwisibindi, kwaye "itis" ebhekisela ekuvukeleni.
Iintlobo
I-Hepatitis engapheliyo
Amagqabantshintshi kwaye angapheliyo akabhekiseli kwiphina i-hepatitis kodwa isekelwe kuphela kwixesha leempawu (okanye intsholongwane.) Oogqirha ukuvuvukala okungapheli kweenyanga ezintandathu kwindibano ye-hepatitis kunye nokuvuvukala okuhlala ixesha elingaphezu kweenyanga ezintandathu, i-hepatitis engapheliyo.
I-Hepatitis engeyiyo yokusulela
Nangona kukho iimbangela ezininzi zokutshaya kwesibindi, oogqirha bahlula kwiindidi ezibalulekileyo: i-hepatitis yentsholongwane kunye ne-hepatitis engenasifo.
Kukho izizathu ezininzi ezahlukahlukeneyo zesifo sofuba esibangela isifo sesifo sobhubhane kunye nesifo esingenasifo esithathelwanayo. Makhe sibone ezinye zezi
I-Viral Hepatitis (I-Hepatitis Esulelekayo)
Xa abaninzi abantu becinga nge-hepatitis, bahlala becinga nge-viral hepatitis. Ekubeni ezi ntsho zintsholongwane zisasazeka kumntu ukuya kumntu, oogqirha banokuthi i-hepatitis epatitis hepatitis iyingozi. Kukho iintsholongwane ezinhlanu ezixhaphaza isibindi, amagama usebenzisa iileta ze-alfabhethi ukusuka kwi-A ukuya kwi-E.
Yintoni eyenza i-viral hepatitis ididekile kukuba nganye yee virus idala isifo esahlukileyo kwaye sinendlela eyahlukileyo yokusasazeka. Ezinye zezi zifo zintsholongwane zingenza ukuba kube nzima, kungapheliyo, okanye zombini iintlobo ze-hepatitis.
Ii-virus ze-Hepatotropic A ukuya ku-E ziquka:
- I-Hepatitis A
- I-hepatitis B
- I-Hepatitis C
Izifo ngaphandle kwe-virus ye-hepatitis zingabangela ukuvuvukala kwesibindi, okanye i-hepatitis. Ezi ziquka:
- I-Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
- I-Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) - Ngokuqhelekileyo kuthiwa yi-infectous mononucleosis okanye "mono"
I-Hepatitis engabalulekanga
Akubona zonke izimbangela ze-hepatitis ezithintekayo. Iikhemikhali ezinjengotywala okanye imichiza zingonakalisa isibindi kwaye zingabangela ukuvuvukala. Ukongezelela, ezinye iingxaki zempilo ezinjengobuchopho bezityalo kunye nezifo, ukulimala okunxulumene nomzimba kunye nokukhuluphala, kungonakalisa isibindi kwaye kuholele ekuvukeleni. Ekubeni ezi ntlobo ze-hepatitis azikwazi ukusasazeka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya kwelinye, iikliniki zibiza ngokuba yi-hepatitis engenasifo. Enyanisweni, nayiphi na "ukuhlambalaza" kwisibindi esiphumela ekuvukeleni kubhekwa njenge-hepatitis. Ezinye izizathu ezingenayo i-virus ye-hepatitis ziquka:
- I-autopatmune ye-hepatitis- Izifo ezizimela ngokuzimela zizodwa apho umzimba wenza izikhuhlane kunye nokuhlaselwa ngokwawo
- Utywala lwe-hepatitis (utywala obunxilisayo lunokubangela i-syndromes ehlukeneyo emithathu, kuquka ukutshaywa kwesibindi, isibindi esinamafutha kunye ne-cirrhosis yesibindi)
- I-hepatitis eyenziwa yiziyobisi (zininzi iziyobisi ezinokubangela ukuvuvukala kwesibindi esingahluka ukusuka kubumnene ukuya ekusongeni ubomi)
- Ukubonakaliswa kweekhemikhali kunye nobutyhefu (ekubeni isibindi senza ngokulula nje "inkqubo yokuxutywa", akumangalisi ukuba ezininzi iikhemikhali kunye neesxibisi kwimeko ingaholela ekuvukeni)
- I-NASH okanye i-steatohepatitis ( engeyiyo inxilisayo yesifo sesibindi sinesimo esenzeka ngokuqhelekileyo kulabo abagqithisileyo okanye abagqithisileyo)
Ezinye iifomu
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba akuqhelekanga ukuba abantu babe nohlobo olulodwa lwe-hepatitis, kwaye eqinisweni, i-hepatitis D ivele kuphela kubantu abaye bafumana isifo se-hepatitis B ngaphambili.
Ukongeza kwiindawo ezichazwe ngasentla, ezinjengotywala, kukho imimandla embalwa yemfuyo engakhokelela kwizifo zesibindi, kunye nokwandisa ubunzima be-hepatitis okanye engasetshatanga. Esinye salezi zi- hemochromatosis , imeko apho isinyithi esinyithi igcinwe kwisibindi, kanti enye i- alpha-1-antitrypsin inqongophala , imeko yezofuzo ezibangelwa ukuhluleka kwesibindi kunye ne-emphysema.
Iimpawu
Iimpawu ezahlukahlukeneyo zinokuphuhliswa kwimeko yokulimala kwesibindi okanye esingapheliyo. Ngenxa yokuba isibindi sithatha ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeka kwisizathu kunye nobude bokuvuvukala, kwaye abanye abantu banezibonakaliso kwaye abanye abayiyo (imeko eyaziwa njenge-asymptomatic), kuphela ugqirha unokukuxelela ukuba une-hepatitis.
Iimpawu ze-hepatitis ezinobungozi ngokuqhelekileyo ziquka ukukhathala, umkhuhlane, isicathulo, kunye nokuhlanza, kodwa ezi ziqhelekileyo kwizifo ezininzi.
Ngelixa abantu abaninzi banxulumana ne-hepatitis ene- jaundice , i-yellowing yezikhumba kunye nomhlophe wamehlo, oku kwenzeka rhoqo emva kokusulela isifo ixesha elide. Ezinye iimpawu eziqhelekileyo njengentuthuko yesifo se-hepatitis ziyakhathala, i-muscle kunye ne-joint aches, kunye nokulahleka kwesidlo.
Kukho iimpawu ezininzi ze-hepatitis eziqhelekanga kodwa zingabalulekanga.
Ukuxilongwa
Iimbangela ezininzi ze-hepatitis zenza iindlela ezininzi zokuvavanya eso sifo . Olunye uvavanyo oluyisiseko kukuba uzive ngenxa yesibindi esandisiweyo, esaziwa ngokuba yi-hepatomegaly. Ugqirha wakho uya kwenza lo vavanyo ngexesha loviwo lweklinikhi; ukuba ufumene isibindi esandisiweyo, baya kukhangela izizathu kwaye banokumisela ukuhlolwa kwegazi.
Ezinye iimvavanyo zegazi zijonga amanqanaba enzyme kunye nezinye iiprotheni ezinokuphazamiseka xa kukho umonakalo wesibindi. Ukuphakama kwama- enzyme yesibindi (i-ALT kunye ne-ALT) kunokufunyanwa ngokuvavanya kwegazi, kwaye ezinye iimvavanyo ziyakwazi ukujonga iimpawu zokuzibulala kwe-hepatitis nokunye okuninzi.
Sekunjalo, ezinye iimvavanyo zegazi ziya kukhangela ubungqina bee-virus ezizodwa, amanqanaba ezinobuthi ezifana notywala okanye iTylenol okanye nokuba ngabaphawu bezityalo ze-genetic ezifana nesinyithi okanye i-alpha-1 antitrypsin.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuxilongwa kwe-hepatitis kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa ukudibanisa iimvavanyo. Iimvavanyo eziphambili kakhulu zingabandakanya ukusebenzisa ubugcisa be-imaging ezifana ne-ultrasound, i-computer ye-axial tomography (CT) okanye i-IMRI).
I-biopsy yesibindi, apho ugqirha esusa iqela elincinci lesibindi aze alithumele kwibhubhoratri ukuze aqhubeke nokuvavanywa, kunokufuneka ukuba ngaba isizathu esicacileyo sokuvuvuka asikwazi ukuchongwa okanye ukuba oogqirha kufuneka bacacise ukuba ubuninzi besibindi ba ndakanya. Ekubeni ukuvuvukala kwesibindi kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki zokuphuma kwegazi, i-biopsy yesibindi ayinakwenziwa ngaphandle kokuba imvelaphi ye-hepatitis ayifumaneki ngokusekelwe kwezinye iimvavanyo.
Ukujamelana
Nangona ezinye iintlobo ze-hepatitis zigqiba ngokukhawuleza, ezinye iintlobo zihlala iminyaka emashumi kwaye ziya kufuneka zilawulwe ngokugqithiseleyo ngudokotela wakho. Ukuphila kunye naluphina uhlobo lwe-hepatitis kufuna ukuba utyunjelwe rhoqo unyango kwaye ulandele isicwangciso sakho sokonyango.
Ukongezelela kumachiza, icebo lonyango lwakho lungaquka ukuguqula indlela yokuphila yakho, njengokunciphisa utywala kunye nokugcina ubunzima bomzimba obunempilo, obunceda ukukhusela eso sifo ukuba singabi nakakhulu. Olunye utshintsho lweendlela zokuphila lungafuneka ukuba lunqande ukusasazeka kwesi sifo, xa sitheleleka kwabanye.
Ekugqibeleni, funani abanye abahlala ne-hepatitis. Zininzi amaqela enkxaso ekukho ukufundisa nokuncedisa abantu kunye neentsapho zabo. Ngemfundo encinane nenkxaso, abantu abane-hepatitis bangaphila ubomi obugcweleyo.
Imithombo:
Amacandelo okuLawula nokuKhuselwa kwezifo. I-Viral Hepatitis. Ukuhlaziywa nge- 12/09/16. https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/
Kasper, uDennis L .., u-Anthony S. Fauci, noStephen L .. Hauser. Iinqununu zeHarrison zeMithi yoPhakathi. ENew York: imfundo kaMc Graw Hill, 2015. Print.