Ukuhamba ixesha elide yimini xa iisetyenziselwano zeselula ziyinxalenye yokuzonwabisa, kwaye i-smartphone iyakhawuleza ibe yinto enobungozi kunye nolawulo lwazo. Ngokutsho kwe-IMS Institute for Healthcare Informatics, inani leenkonzo zokusebenza zezempilo sele lidlulile kuma-165,000. Nangona kunjalo, i-buzz ejikelezayo kunye nezixhobo zokunakekelwa kwempilo iphinda iphakamise imibuzo ethile malunga nokusetyenziswa kwayo, ukuthembeka kunye nokukhuseleko.
Nangona iteknoloji yempilo esetyenziswe ngabakliniki ngokuqhelekileyo ivavanywa ngokufanelekileyo kwinkqubo ehlolwayo yontanga, amacebo athengiswa ngokuthe ngqo kubathengi awanakwenzeka ukuba asebenze ngokukhawuleza. Ngako oko, imarike yezobuchwepheshe bezempilo iyaneliswa ngamabango angenanto yesayensi kunye nezithembiso ezingaqinisekisiwe. Abathengi bavame ukwenza ukhetho lwabo ngokokuthandwa kohlelo lokusebenza kwaye kungekhona ukuchaneka okanye ukusebenza kwayo. Njengoko ke, njengabasebenzisi, kufuneka sihlale siqaphile ukuhlaziya ingozi kunye nokufunda indlela yokusebenzisa amadivayisi amatsha kunye neenkqubo zezempilo zedijithali ngendlela eya kunceda ngayo impilo yethu nenhlalakahle.
Nangona i-Food and Drug Administration (i-FDA) ibeka iliso izicelo ze-smartphone ezidibeneyo nezixhobo zonyango ukususela ngo-2011, intsimi ibonakele nzima ukulawula. Iinkonzo zezoNyango ezingabonwa njengezixhobo zonyango kwaye zingabikho mngcipheko omkhulu ukuba zingasebenzi njengoko zifunyenweyo azifunwa ukuba zihlolwe yi-FDA.
Ukuba ngummeli wakho wezempilo, ngoko ke, ngokuqhelekileyo kubakho ukubethelwa kweyona ndlela ibhetele-ngakumbi xa kuziwa kwi-teknoloji yezempilo.
Amangalo ahlobene nezeMpilo kungekho Bungqina
Abaphandi abahlukahlukeneyo kunye neengcali zezempilo baye balumkisa ukuba ezinye iidivaysi zempilo zedijithali neeprogram abanalo isistim esiluncedo esisisiseko. Kwakhona, ukuchazwa kwedatha nokuhlanganiswa okuncinci kwinkqubo yokunakekelwa kwempilo yinkqubo eqhubekayo.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, idatha eqokelelwayo ayikwazisi ubomi bomsebenzisi ngendlela enentsingiselo. Inkoliso yexesha, indlela yokusebenza-enye iyasebenza, ngoko ngamanye amaxesha iziganeko zodwa zihlawulwa. Ngokomzekelo, kuye kwachazwa ukuba nangona injongo ye-Fitbit yokwenza amanyathelo angama-10 ngosuku ingaba nempilo kubantu abaninzi, akufanelekanga ukuba wonke umntu. Abantu abaneemeko ezingapheliyo, abantu abadala kunye nabangenakubumba bangenakunceda ngokuzigxotha ngaphandle kokuqwalasela ukunyamezela kwabo kunye namanqanaba empilo.
Abanye abaphuhlisi benza izibhengezo ezingabonakaliyo malunga nokuba ziphi iimveliso zabo. Ngo-2011, i-Federal Trade Commission yahlawulisa iinkampani ezimbini ezazisasaza iinkonzo zazo zingaphilisa induna ngokusebenzisa ukukhanya okukhanyayo okuvela kwi-smartphone. Zomibini iinkonzo zazisuswa kwiimarike. Amatyala athatyathwa ngokugqitywa kwezicelo zempilo ezinikezela "unyango" kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo kwaye zijolise kumthengi oqhelekileyo onokuba yingozi kwiimangalo zonyango.
Ngenxa yokwanda kobuchwepheshe bezempilo kunye neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zeengxaki ezithile, amaqela athile athembela kuwo. Sekunjalo, uphando lubonisa ukuba ukungenelela kwitheknoloji ephuculweyo yokunyanga aluyi kuzisa rhoqo.
Uphononongo lukaDkt John Jakicic kunye nabalingane bakhe baseYunivesithi yasePittsburgh babonisa ukuba xa abantu abazama ukunciphisa ubunzima besetyenzisiweyo, balahlekelwa ubunzima obulingana nabo bafumana ukungenelela kokuziphatha okuqhelekileyo. Oku kunokuthetha ukuba iteknoloji yezempilo ingabonakali kakuhle kwiinguqu zokuziphatha kwexesha elide kunokuba sithembele. Abanye bathi, nangona kunjalo, kukho indawo yeteknoloji yezempilo. Ngokuqhelekileyo imeko efanelekileyo kakhulu yimeko apho idijithali yempilo idibaniswe nezinye iindlela ezisekelwe kubungqina kunye / okanye kunye neengcebiso zonyango.
Iinkonzo zeMpilo ezingasongela impilo
Nangona ezinye zezinto ezingachanekanga okanye amabango amanga ayenziwa ngabaphuhlisi bezempilo bedijithali banobungozi, abanye bangabangela umonakalo omkhulu.
Ezinye izifundo ziye zagqamisa iingozi zezicelo ezibonelela ngeengcebiso zonyango kwaye zifumaneka ngokuthe ngqo kubantu abangenazo iiklinikhi. Ngokomzekelo, isifundo esivela kwiYunivesithi yase-Pittsburgh kwiZiko loLwaphulo lweZonyango lihlolisise izicelo ezine ezisetyenziswe umfanekiso wesigrari ukugqiba ukuba i-lesion yolusu yayinomdlavuza. Iqela lophando lilayishe imifanekiso engu-188 yezilonda, ezingama-60 zibe yi-melanoma, kwaye i-128 yayinobungozi. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba ii-apps zinamanqanaba ahlukeneyo obuninzi kwaye zihluka kwiimvavanyo zengozi. Uhlelo lokusebenza oluchanekileyo luthumela imifanekiso kwi-dermatologist eqinisekisiweyo yebhodi, ngoko ke, ukubandakanya ugqirha kwinkqubo yokuvavanya. Ezinye iinkqubo ezintathu, ezithembele kwizilungiso zokuhlalutya, ukuhlulwa ngokungalunganga ubuncinane iipesenti ezingama-30 zezilonda ezazingumhlaza we-melanoma. Ngona nezona zichanekileyo kwiimeko ezingama-18 ze-melanoma ezibulalayo kwaye zivavanywa njengento enobunzima. Ukususela ekufumaneni kwangaphambili kubalulekile ekwenzeni unyango lwe-melanoma, ukuxilongwa kwangonyani kunokuthetha ukubahluko phakathi kokuphila nokufa-oko kunjalo, ezi ziphumo zixhalabisa. Ababhali bachaza ukuba nangona iifenethi ze-melanoma i-detection zithengiswa njengezixhobo zokufundisa, zaye zakhishwa kuluntu ngaphandle kwenkqubo efanelekileyo yokujonga. Izibhengezo ziphakanyisiwe ukuba zikwazi ukwenza uvavanyo lokubeka ingozi kwi-lesion kwaye zixelele ukuba zibuhlungu okanye cha. Ukuba izigulane zifakelwa uviwo lwezonyango nge-dermatologist kulezi zifundo, ziyakwazi ukufumana ingozi enkulu yokulimaza.
Olunye uphando, olukhokelwa nguDkt. Kit Huckvale kwi-Imperial College yaseLondon, ii-apps ezihlolisweyo ezibala i-insulin doses kwizigulane zesifo sikashukela. Ku-46 i-insulin calculators, enye kuphela ayiphumelelwanga ngokwemiqathango ebekwe yicandelo lophando. Ezinye iziphoso zazingabonakali lula kwaye zabonakala kuphela emva kokuvavanywa ngokucophelela. Kwinqaku labo elipapashwe kwi- BMC Medicine , iHuckvale kunye noogqirha baqukumbele ukuba i-calculator dose calculator zokusebenza ezikhoyo zenza ukuba isiguli singaphezu kwexesha okanye sithobele i-dose. Oku kunokukhokelela kwimimangaliso eyingozi.
Ukuhamba ngeMisebenzi kunye nento engeyiyo
Ekubeni iinkonzo ezininzi zezempilo kunye nezixhobo zobuchwepheshe bee-mobile zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezinkulu, kubalulekile ukuba abasebenzisi bakwazi ukuvavanya ngokucokisekileyo. U-Angela Hardi weSikolo seYunivesithi yaseWashington eSt. Louis ubonisa ezinye zeembuzo esifanele sizibuze ngaphambi kokuthatha isigqibo sokusebenzisa ifowuni yezempilo okanye insiza:
- Ngubani odale i-app? Kufuneka uhlawule ingqalelo kwiimpawu zobungcali kunye nabasebenzi. Unokulindela ukuba ifowuni yezempilo ye-digital okanye i-app idibanise ukusebenza kumagqirha kunye neengcali zezempilo.
- Ngaba imithombo esetyenzisiweyo ukudala iprogram ekhankanywe? Kufuneka kubekho ukuqonda ukuba yintoni ulwazi olusetyenzisiweyo olusekelwe kuyo.
- Ingaba iprogram ibonakala ngathi isikhangiso somnye umkhiqizo? Okanye ngaba zikhona izikhangiso ezikhulayo? Uhlelo lokusebenza kufuneka luve ngathi ngumthombo wolwazi, kungekhona ityhulo yokuzonwabisa / isikhangiso.
Ezinye izinto onokufuna ukuziqwalasela xa uhlola i-app ziquka:
- Ingaba ifike nge-disclaimer yeklinikhi? Ukuba kunjalo, funda ngokucophelela.
- Ngaba iinkonzo ezisebenza njengababalawuli, ngaba iifomula ezisetyenziselwa ukubala ziboniswe ngokucacileyo?
- Ngaba kukho ubungqina bokuxhasa amabango anziwe ngabaqulunqi? Ngokomzekelo, ngaba kukho iingcali zeklinikhi malunga necebo?
- Ingaba inkxaso yabaxhasi kunye / okanye kulula ukudibana nomenzi?
- Ixesha luni le app igcine ihlaziywe?
- Ingaba ifike ngomgaqo-mfihlo? Kufuneka ujonge ukuba yeyiphi idatha eqokelelwayo kwaye yintoni ekwabelwana ngayo. Kwakhona, ngubani ophethe idatha?
- Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukukhuphela okanye ukuthumela idatha yakho?
- Ingaba iprogram ibonisa ukuba ihlola isigulo sempilo esingapheliyo kunye / okanye inika iimpendulo kwimibuzo yeklinikhi? Ukuba kunjalo, qhagamshelana noqeqesho lwakho lwezempilo ngaphambi kokuba ulisebenzise kwaye ungagqibekanga kwingcebiso yonyango yonyango wakho.
Kukho izixhobo ezisele zifumanekayo ezinokukunceda uhlolisise iinkonzo zokusebenza zonyango. Umzekelo, i-American Psychiatric Association (APA) inikeza inkqubo yokulinganisela uhlelo lokusebenza lweenkonzo zezempilo yengqondo. Baqulunqe imodeli yokuhlola engancedisa abasebenzisi ukwenza isigqibo esinolwazi. Lo mzekelo ubhekisela kule ndlela elandelayo: ulwazi lomvelaphi, ubumfihlo kunye nokukhuseleka, ubungqina, ukulungelelaniswa kokusetyenziswa kunye nokusebenzisana.
Xa uvavanya i-app, kufuneka ukuba ucinge ngokusebenza kwayo kunye nokusebenza. Ngaba le nto ungayisebenzisa ngaphezu kwexesha elide?
Konke kuzo, zininzi izinto onokucinga ngazo, ngoko kubalulekile ukuthatha ixesha kwaye ukhangele ngenyameko kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo nayiphina iteknoloji yezempilo, kunye nokufunda izibuyekezo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuthandwa akusoloko kusisigxina esilungileyo insiza yinkalo ethile. Ngokomzekelo, uDkt. Iltifat Husain, osebenza njengoprofesa wongxamisekileyo kwiyeza le-Wake Forest University of Medicine, waphawula ukuba insiza yokulinganisa uxinzelelo lwegazi okwethutyana phakathi "kwezixhobo ezihlawulelwayo ezili-10" kwi-Apple App Isigaba seMpilo kunye noBugcisa boBugcisa sasingenzi kakuhle kwaye akukho bungqina obuxhasa ukulinganisa kwayo. UHusain wacebisa ukuba asususe kwivenkile ye-intanethi. Ukususela ngoko, inkampani yenza ukuba kucaciswe ukuba isixhobo sinika kuphela uqikelelo lwexinzelelo lwegazi kwaye akufanele sisetyenziswe kwiingcebiso zonyango okanye ukuxilongwa.
Kwakhona Kwindlela Owusebenzisa ngayo
I-teknoloji yezeMpilo kunye neenkonzo zezempilo zinokuba sisixhobo esinokuzibeka esweni kunye nendlela efanelekileyo yokuxhasa indlela yokuphila enempilo. Kubalulekile, nangona kunjalo, ukuba ufunde indlela yokuwasebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo kwaye unembeza. Ayikho impilo yedijithali ngokwabo ukuba ezininzi iingcali zisikhumbuza malunga, kodwa ukukhathalela kwethu.
Umbandela wokusetyenziswa ngokweqile unokuba ngumxhelo xa ufika kubantwana. Iqela lezengqondo ze-Yunivesithi yaseMzantsi Afrika liqhube isifundo kunye nabalimi abathandathu abaye bathunyelwa kwikampu yangaphandle kwemihla ezintlanu ngaphandle kokufikelela kwizikrini. Ngethuba elincinci lexesha, ukukwazi kwabo ukuqonda iingcamango ezingengomlomo ziphuculwe kakhulu ngokuthelekiswa neqela elilawulayo elinokufikelela kwiididi zabo zedijithali. Ezi ziphumo zibonise ukubaluleka kokusebenzisana ubuso nobuso kwinkqubo yentlalo. Nangona iteknoloji inikezela ngamathuba amaninzi ekusebenzisaneni nasekuphuhlisweni, inokuthi ithintele ezinye zezakhono zethu ezisisiseko, njengokufunda imvakalelo yabantu-isakhono esingenakufundwa ngokujonga kwesikrini. Olunye uphando oluvela kwiYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, eLos Angeles, ekhangele indlela abantu ababophelelwe ngayo iimbopheko babike ukuba ukuthetha ngokubambisene nomntu kubaluleke ngaphezu kokubhaliweyo, ukuxoxwa kunye nokuxoxa ngevidiyo. Oku kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukususela kwiinkcukacha ezinxulumene nabantu abasondeleyo kunye nezidingo zabantu, kwaye ubungqina benkxaso kukuba kwiimeko ezininzi ezi ziqhotyoshelweyo zikhokelela kwiziphumo zempilo ezingcono.
Mhlawumbi enye yezinto zokuqala ukugcina engqondweni xa uvavanya nayiphi na iteknoloji yezempilo kukuba kufuneka siyenze iteknoloji isebenze kuqala kwaye kungekhona ngokuphambene. Yenzani ukunyamekela ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye uya kuvuzwa xa kuziwa ekufumaneni izixhobo zempilo ze-digital.
> Imithombo:
> Akilov O, Patton T, Moreau J, et al. Ukungaqondi kakuhle kwezicelo ze-smartphone ze-melanoma. JAMA Dermatology , 2013; 149 (4): 422-426
> Huckvale K, Adomaviciute S, Car J, Prieto J, Leow M, Car J. Iifowuni ze-smartphone zokubala i-insulin dose: Uvavanyo oluchanekileyo. BMC Medicine , 2015; 13 (1)
> Jakicic J, Davis K, Wahed A, et al. Umphumo wetheknoloji egugukayo kunye negalelo lokuphila kwindlela yokulahleka kwexesha elide: I-IDEA ilingo lonyango lemihla ngemihla. JAMA , 2016; 316 (11): 1161-1171
> USherman L, iGreenfield P, uMikhikyan M. Imiphumo yesicatshulwa, i-audio, ividiyo, kunye nomntu onxibelelana ngokubambisana phakathi kwabahlobo . I-Cyberpsychology , ngo-2013; 7 (2): inqaku lesi-3.
> Uhls Y, Michikyan M, iGreenfield P, et al. Iintsuku ezintlanu kwiinkampu zemfundo ngaphandle ngaphandle kwezikrini ziphucula izakhono ezilishumi elinesibini ngeengcamango ezingenanto. Iikhompyutheni Kwizenzo Zabantu, ngo-2014; 39: 387-392.