Ngaphambi kwexesha loLwazi, ininzi yeyeza kwakukho ubugcisa obuninzi njengokuba isayensi. Oogqirha baxhomekeke kwizakhono zabo zokuqwalasela ngaphezu kwezona zinto zanamhlanje. Oku kubangelwa kukuba i-teknoloji yezempilo iqhuba unyango.
Enye yeenzuzo zezempilo yedijithali kukuba i-ofisi yegqirha ayizange isondele kakhulu kwikhaya ngaphambili. Sinike amandla okuthatha uxanduva oluninzi xa sifika kwimpilo yethu.
I-teknoloji exhasa "ukulinganiswa kobuqu" isenza sikwazi ukurekhoda iindlela ezahlukeneyo zezinto eziphilayo kunye nokulandelela imisebenzi yethu yomzimba. Ukongezelela, ukuhlaziywa kwamarekhodi ezonyango kuye kwaphucula ukufikelela kwidatha yempilo yethu, kwakunye nokuphucula ukuchaneka kwimbali yethu yezokwelapha.
Phakathi kwentsebenzo enhle malunga ne-Health (i-health health) kunye neefowuni zezempilo zedijithali, kukho enye imibuzo efunekayo ekufuneka iqwalaselwe xa usebenzisa le teknoloji yereveli. Enye yale mibuzo ebalulekileyo iquka:
- Ngaba kukho iimeko ezixhalabisayo malunga nokusetyenziswa okubanzi kwezixhobo ezikhusekileyo kunye neefowuni?
- Yimiphi imiphumo yokwabelana ngolwazi lwezempilo ngokukhululekile?
- Ngaba amanye amaqela abasebenzisi angaba sehleleleke ngakumbi (kunabanye) xa bebonakaliswe kwixabiso elithile lempilo engabalulekanga?
ImiDlalo ye-Intanethi yeMpilo yeDemari
Ngokombiko owenziwe nguMary Meeker kaKleiner Perkins, ama-25 ekhulwini aseMelika manje anesitya esikhenkcekayo.
Oku kubonisa ukwanda kweepesenti ezili-12 ukususela ngo-2016. Phakathi kweeMillennials, ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezinxibekayo kuninzi kakhulu kwi-40 ekhulwini. Izixhobo ezigqithiseleyo kakhulu ngokugqithiseleyo-ijubane lilinganiswa ngamaphesenti angama-86 eengubo zokugqoka zesikhumba ezisetyenziswe namhlanje-zilandelwa zixhobo ezilinganisa izinga lentliziyo (33 ekhulwini).
I-accelerometers idla ngokusetyenziswa kunye nezinye iisenzi, ezinjengezifo zokulala kunye ne-pedometers.
Iinkonzo zezempilo ze-Mobile ziye zanda kakhulu. Uninzi lwethu ngoku lukhuphela izicelo ezahlukeneyo ezithembisa ukuphucula impilo yethu nenhlalakahle, kubandakanya ukuqina, ukutya kunye nezicelo ezithile zeemeko. Abaninzi abathengi (i-88 ekhulwini) basebenzisa ubuncinane isixhobo sonyango se-digital, kwaye omnye kwi-10 angaqwalaselwa njengabasebenzisi abakhulu, usebenzisa izixhobo zempilo zedijithali ezinhlanu okanye ngaphezulu. Uphando lubonisa ukuba asigcini nje ukuqokelela ngenkuthalo idatha yethu yempilo, kodwa sinokubelana ngokunyanisekileyo-ngokuzithandela okanye ngokungathandekiyo.
Ukunyuka komgangatho wenkcazelo yezempilo yempilo kunokugqalwa kwiofisi yegqirha. Inani lamagqirha aseburhulumenteni abasebenzisa iirekhodi zezempilo ze-elektroniki (EHR) liye laphuma kuma-21 ekhulwini ngo-2004 ukuya kuma-87 ekhulwini ngo-2015. Inani elikhulayo leenkcukacha zethu liqokelelwa kwifomu yedijithali, kubandakanya iziphumo zekliniki kunye nemifanekiso yomzimba kunye zethu zembali.
Amaqela ezonyango aqhubela phambili axhobisa izigulane ukuba zibe yingxenye ebalulekileyo yokhathalelo lwabo. Xa unqabile kwizonyango zonyango, izibhedlele ngoku zinceda abaxhasi ukuba bajonge ulwazi lwabo lwezempilo kwi-intanethi (iipesenti ezingama-95) okanye balayishe idatha yabo (ama-87 ekhulwini) ukujonga ngaphandle kwe-offline.
Iminyaka embalwa edlulileyo idatha yempilo yayidla ngokugqithiselwa kwizigulane, kodwa ukufikelela kwedatha ngoku ngokuqhelekileyo kuthathwa njengelungelo lesigulane.
Ukufikelela okulula kwidata akusiyo kuphela into eyenza le ngcaciso isebenzise. Kwingxelo yakhe, uMeeker unike izibalo ezibonisa ukuba isibhedlele esigqibekileyo se-500 kunye nabasebenzi abayi-8,000 iqokelela i-50 ye-petabytes (iigigabytes ezingama-50 zegigabytes) zedatha rhoqo ngonyaka. Ukulawula eli likhulu leenkcukacha, kwaye ukwenza ukuba luncedo kwaye lichazwe, nalo lucelomngeni.
Iimfuno zoLwazi lwaBasebenzisi beMacrosoft
Ukusebenzisa iiplani zezempilo ezahlukeneyo kunye nezixhobo zempilo zedijithali zinokunceda. Nangona kunjalo, xa sisebenzisa i-intanethi kunye ne-intanethi yezinto ezichaphazela impilo yethu, sisengozini ekwenzeni iifasethi ezifumanekayo kubathengisi kunye nabahlaseli.
Sifanele siqaphele ukuba ukuzithuthuka kwimeko yempilo kuthetha ukuba abanye abantu kunye namaziko angakwazi ukufumana ulwazi lwezcukacha zethu, kunye neemeko zethu ezinxulumene nempilo.
Enye inkxalabo malunga nale datasethi yimiba yolwazi oluqokelelweyo. Kukho abantu abanempilo ekhulayo abasebenzisa izixhobo zempilo zedijithali ezithile ezibhekiselele kwiimeko ezihlala zizifo ezingapheliyo. Eli qela lidla ngokuchazela iinjongo zabo njengokuxuba umdla kwimpilo yezempilo kunye nendlela yokujonga iindlela zokuthintela. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abakweli qela abanamava ukuba basebenzise ngokufanelekileyo ukusebenzisa iteknoloji yezempilo xa bengengaphantsi kogqirha kwaye abazange baqhutywe ngokufanelekileyo kwiindlela zokusebenzisa izixhobo.
U-Erik Grönvall we-IT University yaseCopenhagen kunye neNervo Verdezoto yeYunivesithi yase-Aarhus eDenmark ibonisa ukuba ngelixa abasebenzisi banako ukukwazi ukuzilinganisa, le milinganiselo ayifanelekanga ukuba izixhobo zempilo zedijithali azisebenzisi kakuhle. Ufundiso lwabalandela abantu abazijonga ngenyameko yabo yegazi ekhaya. Ukufumana umlinganiselo onokwethenjelwa wetheknoloji yezempilo, izikhokelo ezithile kufuneka zilandelwe rhoqo. Ngokomzekelo, ngexinzelelo legazi, "hlala uze uphumle imizuzu emi-5 ngaphambi kokuba uthathe umlinganiselo." Ngamanye amaxesha, abasebenzisi abangasebenzisi izixhobo abaziqhelanga ngokungaziqondi ngemiphumo yokubhengeza ngokungenakulungile iziphumo ezingenakulungelelaniswa.
I-Grönvall noVerdezeto bayaqaphela ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba babo bacacile ngokungakhange bafune abantu abangazibandakanyeki kwimpilo yabo. Kwabaninzi babo, ukubonisa iinkqubo zempilo kunye neziphumo azivunyelwanga ngaphandle kokuba zihambelane nodokotela wabo. Oku kuphakamisa ukuba inani elithile lokufunda nokubhala kwedijithali liyadingeka xa uqokelela kunye nokusebenzisa imilinganiselo yakho yempilo. Abantu abaninzi abanokungazi ukuba baxelela idatha yabo kunye / okanye kwenzeka ntoni xa sele yabelwe.
Isizathu sokuzimelela kunye neZenzo zoLwazi
UNjingalwazi uDeborah Lupton, osebenza kwiYunivesithi yaseCanberra ye-News & Media Research Centre, ukwahlula phakathi kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuzilandelela: ezizimeleyo, eziqhelekileyo, ezixhasayo, ezityunjweyo, ezenzelwe kwaye zixhatshazwe.
Abantu ngabanye bazibandakanya "ekuzilandeleni ngasese" ukuze bafumane ukuqonda okungcono. Baqokelela idatha kwi-"n = 1" bume bendawo, ngoko ke idatha idluliselwe kumntu kwaye igcinwe ngasese. Ukulandelela kwangasese kunokudibaniswa ne "self-tracking" lapho idatha yabo ibonakaliswa khona, ngoko kuthelekiswa nokwabelana ngokusebenzisa iipulatifti kunye neendaba zoluntu. Olu hlobo lokutshintshiselwa kolwazi ludibene nesayensi yommi, ukusabalala kwentlalo kunye nophuhliso loluntu.
Ngokulandelayo, uLupton uthetha "ukunyusa ukulandelela" apho iqhinga eliqhelekileyo livela kwelinye igosa kunye nokukhuthazwa kwangaphandle kunikwa ukuqokelela nokwabelana ngolwazi lwakho. Singawujonga olu hlobo lokulandelela kunye neenkampani zomshuwalense ezikhuthaza abantu ukuba bavuma ukwabelana ngolwazi lwabo.
Olunye uhlobo lokulandelela olubonelela ngamanye amaqela kunomsebenzisi. Ngokomzekelo, abasebenzi banokufunwa ukuba banxibe iinzwa ezijongene nokuziphatha kwabo kunye nempilo. Ekugqibeleni, uLupton uthetha "ngokuzithobela ngokuzenzekelayo" apho idatha yethu (ehlanganiselwe kuyo nayiphi na indlela ilapha ngasentla) iphinda ihlaziywe ngeenzuzo zorhwebo. Idatha iveliswa kwaye iba yintengo kunye nexabiso lentengiso.
Kukho ubungqina bokuba inani lee-arhente ezikhulayo, amaziko oshishino kunye nemibutho iya kuba nomdla ekuvuneni idatha eqokelelwe ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeziveki kunye nezixhobo zokugqoka. ULupton uxela ukuba lo mbandela uba ngumpikiswano xa abantu bephoqelelwa okanye baxutywe ukuba babelane ngolwazi lwabo.
Amalungelo Aphi?
Nangona idatha iqokelelwe ngokungachazwanga okanye kwifom ehlangeneyo, umniki-nkonzo unokukwazi ukuthengisa okanye ukwabelana ngawo namanye amaqela. Ngako oko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukujonga umgaqo-nkqubo we-bucala ngaphambi kokuba usebenzise naliphi na ithuluzi elinakho ukuqokelela idatha yakho. Ucofa iqhosha elithi "Ndiyavuma" kwisofthiwe esenza ukuba ezi zixhobo zisebenze zibe ngumthombo wolwazi ocebileyo. Okubi nakakhulu, isofthiwe ayinakukuvumela ukuba usebenzise kunye / okanye ukukhusela idatha yakho ngendlela oyifunayo.
"Ubunini" phezu kwedatha yakho ngumxholo wokubambisana. Inkqubo yethu yedatha yedijithali ifumaneka kakhulu, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ukufikelela kungavunyelwa kulowo owenzayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, akunzima ukukopa okanye ukudlulisa idatha yomntu. Iiseva zamnyama zihlala ziqhutywa ngamafemu aneemangalo zomthetho kwiidasethi abaziqokelelayo. Inzala yabo kwiBig Data iyahluke kwiyomntu ngamnye othanda impilo. Nangona abaninzi abathengi befuna ubuncinane bezempilo kwimpilo yabo, iinkampani kunye noorhulumente banomdla ekufumaneni ingqiqo enkulu ngokucwangcisa idatha yethu yempilo nokuyisebenzisa kwiindawo ezipheleleyo.
U-Neil Richards kunye noWolrow Hartzog, ootitshala ababini abaqaqambileyo bomthetho, bachaza ukuba xa kuziwa kwi-Big Data kunye nobumfihlo be-intanethi , abaninzi abantu banamandla kakhulu kunabo oorhulumente kunye namashishini. Ngokucacileyo, kunokuba ngumngeni ukukhusela ubomi bethu bedijithali ekubekeni iliso. Ulwalamano olungalinganiyo luye lwachazwa njengolunye uhlobo lwe "digital divide." Ukuziphendukela kwempilo yedijithali, ukunyuka kweenkcukacha zezempilo ezikhoyo kunye nokunyaniseka okwandayo kwethempilesi yezempilo kuthetha ukuqinisekisa ukuba ulwazi lokufunda ulwazi lwabathengi lubaluleke kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili.
Ukungaqondi I-Data Owanikwayo
Ubuninzi kunye nokufikeleleka kwedatha yezempilo kunokugqithisa kalula abanye abasebenzisi. Abantu abaxhomekeke kwixhala bangafumana ukuqonda idatha yabo yezempilo, ngokukodwa xa befumana ubunzima beenkcukacha ezivakalayo ezinokumangalisa. Ryen White, Ph.D., no-Eric Horvitz, Ph.D., baqhutyelwa uphando lwe-cyberchondria-inguqulelo yanamhla ye-hypochondria-eyabonisa i-Intanethi ingaba nefuthe elibi. Kuba malunga neepesenti ezingama-50 zabantu, i-web ithintela uxhalaba. Nangona kunjalo, iipesenti ezingama-40 zalabo ababetha kwi-Intanethi ukuqonda iingxaki zabo zempilo baba nexhala emva kophando lwabo.
Xa iisethi zeenkcukacha eziyinkimbinkimbi zifikeleleka kalula kwifomathi engaphandle komsebenzisi, abantu abanokukhathazeka ngempilo banokuba nobuchule bokuhlola rhoqo idatha yabo. Uphando lwase-Dutch olukhokelwa nguprofesa onxulumene noMartin Tanis waphakamisa ukuba kukho ubudlelwane phakathi kokukhathazeka kwezempilo kunye nolwazi lwezempilo lwe-intanethi olufunayo. Ngako oko, kunokuthi abantu abathile banokuhlala bexakeke kakhulu ngeenkcukacha zabo, ingakumbi ukuba abayiqondi ngokupheleleyo intsingiselo yayo.
Ukukhathazeka ngenye indlela ekupheleni kwembalo kukuba kuye kwaphawulwa ukuba abanye abasebenzisi baqala ukuthembela kakhulu kwiinkcukacha zabo zokulandelela. Uninzi lwethu luhlakulela umgaqo wendalo wesondlo sethu nesisindo. Kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, ezi nkqubo zendalo kufuneka zisigcine. Nangona kunjalo, le mihla, abanye bakhetha ukubonisana ne-app yabo yokutya ngaphambi kokutya ukutya. Nangona idatha kunye nolwazi kwiinkonzo ezininzi zezempilo zixabisekileyo kwaye zichanekile, kukho ulwazi oluninzi olungalunganga. Ukuba ukutya lwakho lokusebenza kukungaphantsi kwe-caloric yakho yokudla kunye nomsebenzi wakho we-tracker ukhangelelanisa ukutshisa kwe-caloric, eyona iresiphi yokufumana ubunzima. Ekugqibeleni, kwezi meko, kufikelela kumsebenzisi wokugqibela ukufumana isigqibo sokuchaneka kunoma iyiphi nayiphi insiza okanye umthombo wedatha.
> Imithombo:
> Lupton D. Iindlela zokuzilandelela: ukuzijonga ngokuzimeleyo kunye neenkcukacha zolwazi. 2014.
> I-Poel F, i-Baumgartner S, i-Hartmann T, iTanis M. Iimeko ezinomdla we-cyberchondria: Uvavanyo olude malunga nobuhlobo obunxulumene phakathi kokukhathazeka kwezempilo kunye nolwazi lwezempilo lwe-intanethi olufunayo. Umbhalo Weengxaki zokukhathazeka , 2016: 32-40.
> Richards N, Hartzog W. Igalelo lokungathembeki lobumfihlo: ukuhlaziywa. Yale Law Journal, 2017; (4): 1180-1224.
> Verdezoto N, Grönvall E. Ngoxinzelelo lwengcinezelo lwegazi lokuzibeka esweni ekhaya. UCognition, iTeknoloji & Umsebenzi , 2016; 18 (2): 267
> I-White R, uHorvitz E. I-Cyberchondria ukuphonononga ngokunyuka kweengxaki zonyango kwi-web search. Iintsebenziswano ze-ACM kwiinkqubo zoLwazi , ngo-2009; (4): 23.