Umthetho we-Intsurance Accountability Act Act (HIPAA) wenziwa yi-US Congress ngo-1996. Ekuqaleni kwakujoliswe ekukhuseleni ukufikelela kwesigulane kwi-inshurensi. Kamva, imigaqo-nkqubo yokhuseleko yongezwa ukufihla ukwabelana ngekhompyutha kwirekhodi yezokwelapha. Nangona ukuba le migaqo isebenze iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amabini, kusekho ukudideka ngenxa yesicelo sabo.
I-HIPAA ibiza ezo rekhodi "ulwazi olukhuselekileyo lwempilo." Ibeka imigaqo kunye nemigangatho yendlela ulwazi lwesigulane, kubandakanywa amanqaku oogqirha, iziphumo zokuvavanywa kwezonyango , iingxelo zebhan, kunye nolwazi lokubambisa lunokwabelwana.
Ababoneleli bayesaba iintlawulo abaya kunyanzelwa ukuba bahlawule ukuba babelana ngolwazi nomntu okanye kwelinye iqumrhu ngaphandle kwemithetho, ngoko bahlala bekhusela ulwazi olunegulane.
Izigulane ziphazamiseka zizama ukufumana ulwazi ngokwazo kunye nabathandekayo, abanye babo abangabandakanywa ukufumana ukungena ngaphandle kwemvume ebhaliweyo evela kwisigulane. Izigulane zihlala zikumangaliswa ukuba zifunde ngubani ovunyelwe ngumthetho ukufikelela kwiirekhodi zabo. Abahlawuli, urhulumente, ngamanye amaxesha abaqeshi, kunye nabanye abaninzi banokufikelela kwiirekhodi zonyango.
Unokuba isigulane esinamandla okanye ukuxhasa ngokuziqonda iziseko ze-HIPAA kunye nokuzithemba ukucela iirekhodi kubanikezeli. Nazi ezinye iinkolelo malunga ne-HIPAA kunye nendlela ekuchaphazela ngayo, isigulane:
1 -
Inkolelo: I-HIPAA ivimbela ukwabelana ngolwazi kunye namalungu omndeniOku akunjalo. Imithetho ye-HIPAA ikhulu kwaye idideka. Oogqirha abaninzi abaqinisekanga malunga nokuba bakuphi, kwaye abayikho, bavunyelwe ukwabelana ngezigulane kunye neentsapho zabo. Kunokuba uzame ukujonga imimiselo ngaphandle, abanye ababoneleli bathi cha, abayikwabelana ngolwazi lwakho nelungu losapho okanye nawuphi na umntu.
Enyanisweni, imithetho iye yacaciswa, kwaye iinguqulelo zomthetho ziyafumaneka kwiSebe lezeMpilo kunye neNkonzo zoLuntu. Ngeemvume ezithile ezivela kuwe, ngokubhaliweyo, iirekhodi zingabelana ngazo nabani na obakhethayo.
2 -
Inkolelo: Abagulayo kuphela okanye Abanakekeli Bangafumana iiikopi zeeRekhodi zeMpiloOku kwabuxoki. Enyanisweni, baninzi abanye abantu kunye nemibutho enokufikelela kwiirekhodi zonyango zesigulane ngaphandle kwemvume yesigulane, ngokusemthethweni nakwezinye ngokungekho mthethweni.
- Ulwazi lonyango lwakho luyafumaneka ngunoma ubani okunceda ukuhlawula unyango lwempilo yakho, ukusuka kwinshuwalense ukuya kurhulumente kumqeshi wakho.
- Ikwafumaneka kwakhona nabani na ofuna ukuwuthenga, nangona ingahlanganiswa kwaye ichongwe xa ithengwe.
- Kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kubanjwe okanye kunikwe ngephutha.
Funda kabanzi ngabantu abaninzi, imibutho kunye nemibutho ababelana ngayo, bafumane, bathenge, okanye babambe iirekhodi zonyango zonyango ngosuku.
3 -
Inkolelo: Abaqeshi Bayabhawula, kwaye banako Ukufikelela kwiiRekhodi zabasebenziKwiimeko ezininzi, i-HIPAA inqabela abaqeshi ukuba bangene kwiirekhodi zegulane, kungakhathaliseki ukuba bahlawula unyameko. Oku kusebenzayo ukuba umqeshi uthatha inxaxheba kwisicwangciso se-inshorensi engaphandle, okanye u-insured.
Ukuba umqeshi ufuna ukufikelela kwiirekhodi zakho, kufuneka unike imvume yakho, ngokubhaliweyo, ukuba enze njalo. Kukho ezinye izinto ezingekho kumgaqo, ngokukodwa kubaqashi abazimeleyo.
4 -
Inkolelo-mfundiso: I-HIPAA Imithetho ikhusela iiDktara ekutshintshiseni i-imeyile kunye nezigulane zaboAkunyanisi, nokuba ugqirha wakho akuxelele ukuba uyinyaniso. Kungenzeka ukuba umboneleli wakho uya kusebenzisa i-HIPAA njengesisusa, kodwa i-HIPAA ayithinteli ukusetyenziswa kwe-imeyli phakathi koogqirha kunye nezigulane.
I-HIPAA idinga kuphela ukuba ulwazi lwezempilo lugcinwa, kwaye i-imeyile rhoqo esiyisebenzisa imihla ngemihla ayigcinwa nhlobo.
Kukho iinkqubo ezikhoyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-imeyile igcinwe. Ngokomzekelo, ezinye iinkqubo ze-imeyile "ziya kubhala" i-imeyile ngaphambi kokuba ihambe nge-intanethi, iguqule ibe yikhowudi engafundiweyo de kube umntu onokhiye wokuvula ikhowudi uyayifumana. Abanye basebenzise iinkqubo eziqaphelisa izigulane zabo ukuba umyalezo ulindele kwi-server ekhuselekile yogqirha. Kuzo zombini iimeko, zonke izigulane zolwazi kufuneka zikwazi ukufunda i-imeyili ekhuselekile kumgqirha wazo unikwe ngaphambi kwexesha.
Nangona kunjalo, kubaboneleli abaninzi, kwaye njengeminye imimiselo yale migaqo yemithetho, iimfuno zokukhusela i-imeyli zingaba ngaphezu koko zifuna ukuphatha, kwaye zingasebenzisa i-HIPAA njengesisusa sokungatshintshisanga i-imeyili kunye nawe.
Unokufunda okungakumbi malunga nokutshintsha i-imeyili kunye nogqirha wakho .
5 -
Inkolelo: Ababoneleli bafunwa nguMthetho ukuba banikeze zonke iiRekhodi Zonyango kuweEnyanisweni, ezinye iirekhodi zinokuthi zitshitshiswe kwaye zinganikezelwa zona.
Ukuba ucela iirekhodi ukuba umboneleli okanye indawo ebonayo ingaba yingozi kuwe, inokukukhanyela ukufikelela. Ezi ngxelo zihlala zirekhodi zempilo yengqondo. Akunakupheliswa nje ngenxa yokuba umniki-mpahla uya kukholelwa ukuba baya kukucasula. Kodwa unokwenyanwa ukuba umniki-mboli ucinga ukuba uya kuzilimaza ngenxa yesiphumo sabo.
Ukuba ucelile iirekhodi zakho, kodwa azinakunikwa zona, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba awuzange ulandele amanyathelo afunekayo enkonzo ukuze ufumane iikopi zeerekhodi zonyango. Ukuba ulandele le nyathelo kwaye awukwazi ukufumana ezo ikopi, ngoko ke kwiindawo ezininzi, umniki-mboleko makakuxelele ngokubhaliweyo ukuba awuyi kubafumana.
Funda kabanzi malunga nendlela yokufumana iikopi zeerekhodi zonyango .
6 -
Inkolelo: Abagulayo banqabile ukufikelela kwiirekhodi zabo banokufuna ukufumana iiikopiKukho izigulane kwizigulane eziphikisiwe ikopi zeeirekhodi zabo zonyango, kodwa inkundla ayikho enye yazo.
ISebe lezeMpilo laseMelika kunye neeNkonzo zoLuntu (HHS) linika iinkqubo izigulane zingayilandela ukuba zikholelwa ukuba amalungelo abo aphulwe phantsi kwe-HIPAA. Kubandakanya ukuhambisa isikhalazo esisesikweni ngokusebenza kwintanethi.
Ukuba ukuphulwa kunobungozi, i-HHS, okanye iSebe lezoBulungisa, inokufaka isicelo sohlwayiso kwiqumrhu eliphula umthetho, ukusuka kwi-$ 25,000 ukuya kwi-10 iminyaka entolongweni kunye nentlawulo engama-250,000.
Nazi iindlela ekumele zilandele ukuba unqatshelwe ukungena kwiirekhodi zakho zonyango .
7 -
Inkolelo-mfundiso: I-HIPAA Imithetho Yobuncwane Ubumfihlo kunye noKhuseleko lwazo zonke iiNkcukacha zoLonyangoOku kuyinyani, kodwa kuphela phantsi kweemeko ezithile.
Ababoneleli ngezeMpilo, amaziko ezempilo, kwaye ngamanye ama-inshorensi yiyo kuphela into ebanjwe yi-HIPAA.
Kodwa baninzi abanye abanokuba nolwazi, kwaye ababophekanga okanye balawulwa yi-HIPAA. Kwiminyaka embalwa edluleyo, izicelo ezininzi zewebhu ziye zafumaneka, ezininzi zinamahhala, ezimema izigulane ukuba zilayishe iinkcukacha zabo zempilo nolwazi lwezonyango, ngokuqhelekileyo zokugcina izinto. Bathi ukuba ii- PHRs (iirekhodi zempilo zabantu) zilungele kwaye ziyafumaneka kwimeko engxamisekileyo xa zigcinwe ngale ndlela. Kwaye oko kubonakala ngathi.
Kodwa le mibutho ayikho phantsi kwayo nayiphi na imingcipheko ekwenzeni into abayifunayo kunye nezo rekhodi, nokuba ngaba zibango iirekhodi ziyimfihlo kwaye zikhuselekile.
8 -
Inkolelo: Ababoneleli bafuneka ukuba bachane naziphi na iimpazamo ezifumaneka kwiiRekhodi eziPheleleyoKwakhona, oku kunyanisekileyo. Unelungelo lokucela utshintsho kwiirekhodi zakho , kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba baya kulungiswa.
Ukuba umboneleli wakho wenqaba ukwenza utshintsho, unokubhala incwadi yeengxabano malunga neephene ozifumene. Umnikezeli okanye isikhungo kufuneka afake ileta yakho kwifayile yakho yesigulane.
9 -
Inkolelo: Impilo Yakho kunye neengxelo zezoNyango zingenakuchaphazela iiRekhodi zakho zeNgxowa-mbolekoAphosakeleyo! Xa iinkonzo zinikezelwe ngumniki okanye isikhungo, banelungelo lokuhlawulwa. Bavunyelwe ukwenza nantoni na esemthethweni phantsi kolawulo lokuqokelela imimiselo ukuqokelela loo matyala, kuquka ukuguqula iifayile zakho kwi-ejensi yokuqokelela. Ukuba uwela emva kokuhlawula iibhilidi zakho zonyango, oko kuya kubikwa kwi-arhente zeentengo zemali kwaye iingxaki zakho zokuhlawula ziya kubhalwa kwingxelo yakho yekhredithi.
Imbali yakho yezobugqirha kunye neengxaki zentlawulo nazo zingabhalwa kwiBhunga leNgcaciso yezoBucala iinkonzo zenkampani yomshuwalense yezempilo, phakathi kwezinye, kunye nokudibana kunye nempilo kunye nekhredithi.
Ukuqhubela phambili, i-FICO, umbutho ovelisa amanqaku okuthenga ngetyala ngokusetyenziswa ngababoleki, waqala ukuphuhlisa "amanqaku okunamathela kumachiza" ngo-2011. Iingcali ezininzi zikholelwa ukuba ekugqibeleni abo manqaku baya kuhlanganiswa kunye nezikolo zemali-mboleko ukufumana izigqibo malunga nezigulane ngamnye eziya kuthi, , zichaphazela ukukwazi kwabo ukufumana unyango okanye ezinye iintlobo zempilo yomshuwalense (impilo, ukukhubazeka, abanye.)
10 -
Inkolelo: Iinkcukacha zonyango azikwazi ukuthengiswa ngokusemthethweni okanye zisetyenziselwe ukuthengisaOku kungendawo, kuxhomekeka kwindlela leyo nkcazelo iza kwabelwana ngayo, kwaye ngubani, kwaye ke, le mithetho iyadibanisa nababoneleli. Oko kuthetha ukuba la malungelo angaphula umthetho, nokuba oko kungenjongo okanye kungenasenzo.
Umzekelo wokuba ulwazi lunokwabelwana ngeenjongo zokuthengisa xa isibhedlele isebenzisa uluhlu lwabagulayo ukukwazisa ngenkonzo entsha enikezelayo, ugqirha omtsha oye wajoyina abasebenzi, okanye inkqubo yokuxhasa imali.
Umzekelo wokuba ulwazi alukwazi ukwabelwana ngaphandle kokugunyazwa okongeziweyo okuvela kuwe xa umgcini-mali ofumene ulwazi lwakho kumnye wabanikezeli bakho, besebenzisa okanye uthengisa ulwazi lwakho ukuthengisa i-inshurensi eyongezelelweyo, okanye omnye umveliso onxulumene neenkonzo sele funyenwe.
Uyabona indlela le mizekelo idideka ngayo, kwaye njani ukuba iinkampani ezahlukeneyo ezinokufikelela kwiirekhodi zakho zinokuyisebenzisa ngokunjalo ukudideka.
Kukho ezinye iindlela ezininzi iinkcukacha zakho zezokwelapha zithengiswa kwaye zisetyenziselwa injongo zokuthengisa, nazo.
11 -
Inkolelo: I-HIPAA ingasetyenziselwa njengesizathuNgokuqhelekileyo, izigulane kunye nabanakekeli banokufumana i-HIPAA isetyenziselwa ukuthintela okanye ukuyifuna, ukuziphatha okanye ukuhambelana nemithetho yomnye umntu, nangona ayifuni nhlobo.
Oku kuqondwa lula ngeemizekelo:
Umzekelo: Ilungu losapho okanye ummeli ufuna ukuhlala kwisibhedlele sesigulane esibhedlele emva kokuhamba iiyure. Omnye wabasebenzi basebhedlele ubaxelela ukuba abakwazi ukuhlala ngenxa yokuba ukwenza oko kuya kuphula i-HIPAA, kuba kuphazamisa ubumfihlo bodwa.
- Ayonyani. I-HIPAA ayitsho nto malunga nokuphulwa komnye umntu obucala kwaye ayinanto enxulumene neeyure zokuvakashela esibhedlele. Kule meko, isibhedlele izama ukucacisa umgaqo-nkqubo ongamkelekanga wokwenza umkhuseli ahambe ebhedeni.
Umzekelo: Umguli osekhulile u tyelela ugqirha wakhe aze alinde kwigumbi lokulinda ade abizwe. Xa ekugqibeleni wabizwa, igama lakhe lokuqala lisetyenziswa. "Anne!" Ufuna - ngenxa yokuba akayithandi umncedisi oneminyaka engama-20 ubudala onomnxeba obiza ngegama lakhe elineminyaka engama-85 ubudala. Uxelelwe ukuba abanakho ukhetho kuba i-HIPAA ithetha ukuba abayikwazi ukuyisebenzisa igama lokugqibela.
- Ayonyani. I-HIPAA ikhishwe ukuchazwa "kokusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo" ngo-2002 ejongene nalo mbuzo ngokukodwa (iphepha 7), besithi ukuba nje nje ukuba ulwazi olubiziweyo lucacisiwe, akukho nto ingxaki ngokubiza amagama. Cinga ngalo: xa igama lomntu libizwa, akukho mntu ubiza ukuxilongwa okanye iimpawu, oko kuthetha ukuba akukho lwazi lonyango olusetyenziswayo kunye negama lomguli. Ukusebenzisa igama lokuqala, okanye igama elidlulileyo (uNksz Smith) liyakwamkeleka ngokupheleleyo kwaye alikwazi ukuthathwa njengophula i-HIPAA.
Umzekelo: Isigulane sisenza isigxina igama lakhe isigulane kwisiginci kwisibhedlele esibhedlele njengesibhedlele njengendlela yokuqinisekisa ukuba isigulane siya kuchongwa ngokuchanekileyo, kwaye ukuthintela iimpazamo ezinjengezilwanyana ezingalunganga okanye olunye unyango olulawulwa isigulane sakhe. Umqeshwa wesibhedlele ugxininisa ukususa isibonakaliso kuba kukuphulwa kwe-HIPAA ukufumanisa isigulane.
- Ayonyani. Uxwebhu olufanayo, kwiphepha 9, luchaza ukuba oku, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwegama lomguli kwaye kungabonakali umthetho we-HIPAA.
ILizwi
Ukwazi izinto ezisiseko ze-HIPAA zithetha kwaye ayithethi kubalulekile ekunakekeleni impilo yakho. Ukufikelela kwiirekhodi zakho zonyango kunokukunceda uqonde imimiselo yakho kunye nonyango kwaye ube nesigulane esinegunya okanye ukhuthaze umntu obathandayo.