Iqela eliqhelekileyo ngengqondo kunye nezixhobo ezikhuselekileyo zokukhusela
Wonke umzali ukhathazeka ngokukhusela komntwana. Abazali babantwana abane-autism banenkxalabo ngakumbi, kwaye ngenxa yezizathu ezifanelekileyo. Abantwana abane-autism bobabini abasengozini kwaye banokuthi bazinikele kwingozi kwindlela yokuhlakulela abantwana abaneminyaka efanayo. Ngethamsanqa, kukho inqanaba lamanyathelo abazali abangayithatha ukukhusela umngcipheko kwaye kube lula ukujongana nemiba yokuphepha xa bevela.
Kutheni Ukhuseleko Liyinkinga Kubantwana abane-Autism
I-autism ingafika ubuninzi beengozi ezahlukeneyo zokhuseleko. Kwaye ukusebenza okuphakamileyo akubalulekanga ukuba umntwana akhusele. Nazi ezinye iinkxalabo zabazali be-autism bangadinga ukugcina engqondweni, kuxhomekeke kwiminyaka yabo yomntwana ngamnye, izinga lokusebenza, ubuntu kunye nokuziphatha:
- Ukuhlambalaza, okanye ukunyanzela : Abantwana abaninzi abane-autism, kunye nabantu abadala (ikakhulukazi abo baneempawu ezinzima kakhulu ) bathambekele ekuhambeni ukusuka ekhaya okanye esikolweni. Laba bantu banqabile ukuba babekhokelo oluthile engqondweni, kwaye isiganeko esishukumisayo sinokuba nzima ukuyihlawula. Abanye abazali babika ukuba umntwana wabo uhamba okanye ubalekela rhoqo. Xa oko kwenzeka, ewe, umntwana uhlaselwa yingozi, ukutyhila okanye ukusetyenziswa kakubi.
- Iingozi kunye nokuwa: Abanye abantwana abane-autistic banamathuba amaninzi kunokuba babo oontanga baqoke, bafake kwiindawo ezincinci, baphosa izinto ezinzima, badlale ngezinto ezinobungozi, baze bazibekele ngendlela eyingozi.
- Ukuxhatshazwa nokuxhaphazwa: Nangona abantwana abane-autism abanamandla kakhulu ngokuqinisekileyo bangaba maxhoba wokuxhatshazwa, abantwana abaphezulu abasemsebenzini nabo basengozini kakhulu. Abaxhatshazi bavame ukukhetha abantu abanabangani abancinci, baziphathe kakuhle, okanye abakwazi ukuzikhusela ngokufanelekileyo. Abantwana abane-autism bavame ukulingana nelo bhili.
- Ukujongana okungafanelekanga kunye nabasebenzi boxinzelelo kunye namapolisa: Abantwana kunye nentsha ene-autism inokungena kwiintlobo zeengxaki xa zibandakanya namapolisa kunye nabaphenduli bokuqala. Ukungabikho kwezakhono zonxibelelwano kunokukhokelela ekungaqondani; iimpendulo zengqondo kwi-alamu kunye ne-sirens zingasusa izenzo ezimbi; ukwesaba nokuxhalabisa kunokukwenza abantwana abane-autism bafune ukuphendula ngokufanelekileyo kwimigaqo yokhuseleko.
Utshintsho olulula olujongene noKhuseleko oluphantsi koKhuseleko
Kwiimeko ezininzi, kunokwenzeka ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokulimala okanye ezinye izinto ngokubeka utshintsho oluthile kwindawo, esikolweni nakubantu. Nazi iindleko ezimbalwa eziphantsi okanye iingcebiso zamahhala zabazali abaxhalabileyo:
- Kubantwana abasebenza phezulu, amabali asekuhlaleni, izikhumbuzo ezibonwayo, kunye nezinye iindlela zokufundisa ziyakumisa ukuziphatha okuyingozi.
- Kwakhona kunokuba luncedo kakhulu ukugcina ukuziphatha komntwana wakho kwaye uzame ukubona ukuba zeziphi iziganeko ezinokubangela ukukhupha okanye ukutsala umntwana wakho ukhusele ukhuseleko lwasekhaya. Ukuba unako ukuphelisa ezinye zezinto ezibangelwayo (oko kukuthi izandi ezinkulu, iimpahla ezithile) unokunciphisa kakhulu ingxaki.
- Xa ukhetha nokufaka iiflogi zengcango kunye neefestile, zicatshangelwe ezicathulweni zomntwana wakho. Ngaba unako ukufikelela uze uphendule i-bolt? Ngaba unokuvula lula kwaye uphume kwi window? Khetha ukhiye, iibhotshi kunye neefestile zamehlo ezingenakufikeleleka kumntwana wakho. Gcina izitshixo ezifihliweyo.
- Ukuba une-pool, faka ucingo lokhuseleko kunye ne-alamu ye-perimeter.
- Xa unika ikhaya lakho, cinga ngokukhwela kunye nezinye izinto zokukhusela. Xa umntwana wakho wayengumncinci mhlawumbi "unomntwana," kodwa ngoku ungadinga ukuba "ubungqina buntwaneni" ekhaya lakho. Gwema iibhasksi ezivulekile okanye, ukuba kufuneka ube nazo, zibophe ngokukhuselekileyo eludongeni. Gcina zonke izinto ezinobungozi ezifana nemiguqo kunye nomdlalo ovalelwe ngokukhuselekileyo okanye kwiikhabhinethi eziphakamileyo kakhulu ukuya kufinyelela. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, faka i-latches kwi-oven.
- Gcina iliso elifutshane kunye elinyameko kumava esikolweni wengane yakho. Ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunokwenzeka, phuma ukuze ubone indlela izinto eziza kumntwana wakho (ingakumbi ngexesha lexesha elingakhange lilungiswe njenge-recess kunye nesidlo sasemini). Abantwana abane-autism abanako ukuqonda okanye bakwazi ukuchaza ukuxhatshazwa okanye ukuhlaselwa, ngoko kuya kuba kuwe kunye notitshala ukuqinisekisa ukuba umntwana wakho akayixhoba. Utitshala womntwana wakho unokukwazi ukusebenza nawe ekunciphiseni ukuzulazula nezinye izinto eziyingozi.
- Ukuthintana nabahlali bakho bokuqala kunye nabapolisa ngaphambi kokuba kukho imicimbi. Nika abaphenduli bokuqala ngezithombe zomntwana wakho, ulwazi malunga nokuziphatha kunye nemingeni, kunye neengcebiso zokunceda umntwana wakho ahlale ezolile. Yaye, ke, unikezela ngolwazi oluxakekayo loqhagamshelwano.
Emva kokuba ubeke zonke ezi nyathelo endaweni, unokufuna ukuqwalasela iimveliso ezongezelelweyo ezinokukunceda umkhusele umntwana wakho.
Iimveliso eziphezulu ze-Autism Safety
Iimali kunye neLatches: Ukuba umntwana wakho ene-autism uyakwazi ukuvula ibhentshi, ukuvula iskhiya, kwaye uzame zombini ukuphakamisa izitshixo kunye nokufihla izitshixo, ngoku yisikhathi sokufumana ubugcisa. Izixhobo ezimbini zokukhiya ezintsha ziza neziphumo eziphezulu:
- I-Lockkey Iingcango ezingenanto: Ezi zikhuni ezingasemva ezingasemva ezingundoqo ezingasebenziswanga zisebenzisa iifowuni zokudibanisa ezingatshintshwa njengoko zifunekayo. Khetha kwi-deadbolt, level, okanye i-knob.
- I-Guardian Lock: I-Guardian Lock yile divayisi enefuthe elingasetyenzisiweyo elingasetyenziselwa ukuvalela iingcango ezingakhuselekanga ngeebhentshi ezikhoyo okanye ukukhiya. Yindlela efanelekileyo yokugcina umntwana wakho ephephile xa u tyelela abahlobo okanye intsapho, ehotele, njl.
- I-Angel Guard: Lo mkhiqizo ongaqhelekanga ubandakanya ukukhululwa kwesihlalo somntwana wakho, okwenze kube nzima ngabo ukuba bazikhumbule ngokwabo ngelixa emotweni.
Iifowuni: Ukuba umntwana wakho unokunyuka kwiindawo ezingaphephile zendlu okanye ngaphandle komnyango, i-alamu inokuba yindlela enhle yokubonisa ingozi. Kukho uluhlu oluninzi lwezinto ezikhethiweyo, kuquka neentsimbi ezilula ezivakalayo xa kuvulwa umnyango kunye ne-alamu zombane esebenzisa izixhobo zokuhamba:
- Umnakekeli we-Smart Career Monitorless Wireless & Stionor Sensor ungomnye weendlela ezininzi ezikhoyo zokulumkisa umnakekeli kwilungu lelungu le-autistic.
- I-GE Window kunye ne-Door Chime yindlela ebizayo ephendulayo xa umntu ezama ukuvula umnyango okanye iwindi.
- Ukuthengwa kweentsimbi kunye neentsimbi ze-jingle: Ukusebenzisa imini (okanye ukuba unobuthongo obukhulu kakhulu), cinga ukubeka iintsimbi zeendleko ezincinci okanye iimpahla zeKrismesi ze-bing ze-bing phezu kweengcango okanye iifestile.
Izixhobo zokulandelela: Abanye abantu abane-autism elope, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ngabazali kunye nabanonophelo balawula njani imeko. Xa oko kwenzeka, ukhuseleko luxhomekeke ekubeni unakho ukukhawuleza kwaye ulandele ngokuchanekileyo uze ufumane umthandayo. Ngenhlanhla, kukho uluhlu olubanzi lwezixhobo zokulandelela i-GPS kwimarike kumaxabiso athile ahlukeneyo. Qiniseka ukuba ukhetha enye engayi kususwa (amabhondi aqhelekileyo, umzekelo, akunakho ukukhetha okulungileyo).
- I-GPS ye-AMBER Alert yindlela yesibini yokunxibelelana kunye ne-GPS. Kwakhona kuphazamisa iqela labantu elikhethiweyo ngaphambili nge-imeyile. Sebenzisa ikhompyutha okanye insiza yeselula ukulandelela umntwana wakho kwaye usebenzise izixhobo zokukhusela zesiko.
- Ukunakekelwa kweTrak kwenzelwe ekuqaleni ukulandelela abantu abaneengqondo, kodwa kunceda ngokulandelela abantu kwi-autism spectrum. Isixhobo esiyithandayo samapolisa, amasebe omlilo kunye nabanye abaphenduli bokuqala abasebenzisa ukufumana abantu abasengozini.
Izazisi Amasongo kunye namakhadi: Ukuba umntwana wakho uyalula kwaye awukwazi ukumfumana ngokukhawuleza, amakhreyethi namakhadi e-ID anokunceda abanye ukuncedisa.
- I-Alert Me Bands: I-Alert Me Bands iyahlengahlengiswa kwaye ayikwazi ukususwa ngumgcini. Ziyinto elula-isalathisi sokulumka sezokwelapha esineenkcukacha zolwazi malunga nokuxilongwa komntwana wakho, unxibelelwano olungxamisekileyo, ukunyamezela, njl njl.
- I-Kheelz: I-Ice Card kunye neNkqubo yoLwazi lweZaziso zoNyango lwezoNyango ngabantwana yindlela ekhethekileyo yokuqinisekisa ukuba umntwana wakho uphethe ikhadi kunye nokulumkisa ngezokwelapha kunye nabo. Ikhadi lithathwa kwi-insesiti ekhethekileyo. itekisi ekhethekileyo kwisicatshulwa esilumkiso sabasebenzi bexakeka kwiindawo zekhadi.
- Ikhadi le-ID yoKhuseleko lwaBantwana yinkonzo yikhadi lekhredithi ephethe i-wallet yakho enezithombe kunye nolwazi oluphuthumayo ukwabelana nabani na onokunceda ukuba ufumane kwaye unakekele umntwana wakho.
ILizwi
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba zeziphi izixhobo, ukuvala, i-alamu, okanye iinkqubo ozisebenzisayo ukukhusela umntwana wakho, akukho ndawo ithatha indawo engqondweni. Ukuba umntwana wakho ungumntu ogqithisileyo, akayikho into engabonakaliyo, okanye unokuthi asebenze ngendlela engozi okanye engafanelekanga, kukuya kuwe ukulawula imeko yengane yakho kwaye uhlale ulindile. Ngokwemvelo, akukho mntu onokumjonga umntwana wakhe 24/7, kodwa nantsi izicebiso ezimbalwa zokuphepha ukukhawuleza:
- Ukuba ungaphandle kwendawo yakho yokhuseleko (ikhaya okanye isikolo, kubantu abaninzi), qiniseka ukuba umntu omnye unikwe umsebenzi wokugcina iso kwi-autistic child yakho. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwiimeko eziphazamisayo kunye namathuba amaninzi okuzulazula nokungena enkingeni. Amabhishi, iipaki zokuzonwabisa, kunye neendawo zokupaka ziyingozi kakhulu.
- Ukuba ukhathazeke ngokwenene malunga nokulahlekelwa ngumntwana wakho kwindawo entsha, qwalasela ukusebenzisa umncinane "i-leash" okanye nje ukubamba izandla ukuze ugweme ukuba kwenzeka inhlekelele.
- Ungavumeli ukuhlazeka ukubeka umntwana wakho engozini. Ewe, kunzima ukusetha i-alamu ngaphandle kwegumbi lomntwana xa usityelele intsapho-kodwa ukuba enye ingumntwana olahlekileyo, unokufuna ukugwinya ukuqhosha kwakho.
- Thetha nabamelwane bakho. Xa bakho abamelwane bayazi malunga nomntwana wakho bhetele baya kumqonda, kwaye baziva bekuncede xa bebona umntwana wakho ngaphandle kunye nexesha elingaqhelekanga lomhla. Abamelwane nabo bangabhaliswa, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukuba umntwana wakho ulahleke.
- Nika umntwana wakho ubuninzi bokusebenza xa efunyanwa. Uninzi lwabantwana be-autistic lukhululekile kubantu kunye nemisebenzi abazi kakuhle. Ukuba umntwana wakho unobhonkco wesazisi, makenze ukubonisa ubhonkco kubamelwane kunye namalungu entsapho. Fundisa umntwana wakho kumagosa asebupoliseni kunye nabanye abaphendulayo bokuqala. Fundisa ingane yakho imigaqo-siseko eyisiseko ("Ndilahlekile," umzekelo) okanye uyenze ukubonisa ukubonisa ikhadi lomnxeba wakhe kumntu ongaziwayo.
Akukho nkqubo iphelele, kwaye izingozi zenzeke ngokusemandleni ethu. Kodwa unokwandisa kakhulu ukhuseleko lomntwana ngokuthatha inyathelo ngaphambi kokuba kuvele iingxaki.
> Imithombo:
> I-interson C. Impembelelo kunye nentsapho yempembelelo yokukhulisa abantwana abaneengxaki ze-autism. Iidanga, ngoNovemba 2012, iVOLUME 130 / ISIHLOKO 5.
> Autism Ithetha. Imveliso yokukhusela. KwiWebhu. 2017.