I-Autism, ngenkcazo, ingafumaneka kuphela xa iimpawu zivela ngaphambi kweminyaka emithathu. Ngenxa yoko, i-autism ifunyaniswa kubantwana-kaninzi kubantwana bancinane njengeminyaka emithathu ubudala okanye bancinci. Ewe, kukho iimeko apho i-autism ifunyaniswa kwintsholongwane okanye abadala, kodwa umyinge wexesha eliqhelekileyo lokuxilongwa liphakathi kweminyaka emithathu nantandathu.
Ngenxa yokuba i-autism idla ngokufumaneka kwiintsholongwane, abantu abaninzi bacinga njengengxaki yokubantwana.
Enyanisweni, ezininzi iinkqubo, ukwelashwa, kunye neenkxaso ziyafumaneka kuphela kubantwana abane-autism nabazali babo. Kodwa, kuyinto engavumelekanga kumntwana ochongwa ngokuchanekileyo nge-autism ukuba alahlekelwe ngulo xilongwe njengomntu omdala. Uninzi lwabantwana abane-autism lukhula luba ngabantu abadala abane-autism.
Yintoni Engabonakali Ngayo Kubantwana?
Bathi ukuba udibene nomntwana omnye nge autism ... udibene nomntwana omnye nge autism. Leli gama, elibhetele okanye elibi, lichanile ngokupheleleyo.
Awukwazi ukuqonda umntwana obala ngokubonakala kwakhe. Abantwana abasemagqabini abakhange bahluke kwabanye. Abantwana abane-autism banokuthula okanye baxoxe, baqhayise okanye baphikise ngengqondo. Izenzo zabo ziyakwazi ukususela kwi-quirky ukuya kubudlova. Baya kuqhuba kakuhle kwimfundo okanye bajamelane nokukhubazeka okufundela.
Konke okuthethileyo, nangona kunjalo, abantwana abane-autism banempawu ezithile. Kubalulekile ukuba ukhumbule, nangona kunjalo, ukuba i-autism yintlupheko yentuthuko eqhubekayo, oko kuthetha ukuba akukho uphawu olulodwa okanye ukuziphatha, ngokwakho, kunokubonisa ukuba yi-autism.
Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba le ntlukwano kufuneka ibe yinto ephawulekayo ukufumana ukuxilongwa kwe-autism. Bamele baphazamise ikhono lomntwana ukwenza izinto eziqhelekileyo, ukwenza abahlobo okanye ukuphumelela esikolweni. Ngoko, umzekelo, umntwana oqhelekileyo unokuthula kwaye abe neentloni-kwaye oko kunokukhathaza abazali bakhe.
Kodwa ukuba umntwana unako ukuphendula ngokufanelekileyo xa ephendulwa, phendula imibuzo xa uceliwe, kwaye uphathe ubomi bemihla ngemihla ngaphandle kwemigudu eninzi, ukunyaniseka kwakhe okunokuthula kunokwenzeka ukuba ube ngumlingiswa kunomqondiso we-autism.
Ngoko i-autism ibonakala ngathi?
- Abantwana abane-autism babesoloko beba neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuthetha . Basenokungathethi nonke, babe nokulibala ukuthetha, bathethe nge-prosody engaqhelekanga (ukubethela isicatshulwa, umzekelo), okanye banokwenza ngokusemthethweni ukukhumbula nokuphindaphinda iintetho ezivela kumabonwakude. Basenokuthetha ngokukhawuleza, bathetha into efanayo ngokuphindaphindiweyo, okanye sebenzisa igragram engalunganga xa kufuneka babe badala ngokwaneleyo ukuba bathethe ngokuchanekileyo.
- Abantwana abane-autism banamathuba amanxibelelwano oluntu . Kwakhona, oku kungabonakalisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo. Akunakuze bafune ukusebenzisana nabani na onkhe, bakhetha ukutshiza, izinto ezigqityiweyo, okanye ukuqhubela indlu yangasese rhoqo. Okanye bafuna ukusebenzisana naso sonke ixesha kwaye abanalo ingcamango xa banele ngokwaneleyo. Banganqwenela ukufumana indlela yabo kunye nokuphishekela iminqweno yabo yonke ixesha okanye bangenako. Abantwana abasemagqabini badla ixesha elide kuneentanga zabo eziqhelekileyo ukuba bafunde ukudlala kunye-kunokuba bafumane abanye abantwana.
- Uninzi lwabantwana abane-autism banomsebenzi othile wokungasebenzi. Banganqwenela okanye bakhuphe ingxolo ephakamileyo, ukugubungela, ukunambitheka okuqinileyo, okanye iphunga elinamandla. Basenokuthi bangaboni ukukhanya okanye baphazamiseke kalula ngezandi ezincinci kunye nokunyakaza. Abanye abantwana abane-autism baxineke kakhulu ngongcamango olunokuba abanye bangaboni-okanye ngezandi ezithile (i-squeaks, izandi zezilwanyana, iintsana ezikhala).
- Abantwana abane-autism kaninzi (nangona kungekho rhoqo) bahamba ngokuhlukile kwabanye abantwana. "Ukugxotha" (okufutshane ukuvuselela) kuqhelekileyo kwaye kunokujonga idiosyncratic. Ngokomzekelo, ngelixa abantwana abancinci bebanamana, bakha izikhonkwane zabo, baxhamle iinwele zabo, okanye bahamba ngeenwele zabo, abantwana be-autistic banakho ukuphosa izandla zabo, bagijime kwizwane zabo, okanye batyebe. Abantwana abavakalayo banokuthi bahambe ngokunyanisekileyo ngezandla zabo zibanjwe ngamacala abo okanye ziqhube ngezinga elibi. Basenokuba nzima kwaye babe nexesha elinzima ukuphosa, ukubamba, ukubhala, okanye ukudweba.
- Iimoto ze-Autistic ziziphatha ngokwahlukileyo kwiontanga zabo eziqhelekileyo. Nangona abantwana abavakalayo banokugabha ukuze bafumane indlela yabo (okanye ngenxa yokuba banxibile okanye balambile), abantwana abane-autistic banokudandatheka kuba bexakekile, bexhalabile okanye bangakwazi ukuthetha zabo iimfuno. Kananjalo nabo banokuba "bancinci kwiminyaka yabo," banamathele "umdlalo" wobuninzi kude kube ngaphezu kweontanga zabo.
- Iimpazamo ziyahluke. Iimoto ze-Autistic zihlala zihlala "zinyamezela," zithetha ukuba zithetha okanye zenza izinto ezifanayo ngokugqithiseleyo ngendlela efanayo okanye "zixhambile" kwingcamango, imbono, ukusebenzisana, okanye umnqweno. Baya kuba banamathele-mthetho kwaye baxakeke kakhulu xa imithetho ivunjiwe okanye iphukile. Basenokwenzeka ukuba babe nemvakalelo ngenxa yezinto ezincinci. Nangona i-tween ephezulu esebenzayo ne-autism ingaqhuma ngokukhawuleza ikhala ngenxa yeenguqu kwizicwangciso okanye ibhotile yamanzi. Kwezinye iimeko, abantwana abane-autistic bangaba nobudlova okanye baxhaphaze okanye babaleke (kubizwa ngokuthi "eloping") kungekho sizathu esicacileyo.
- Abantwana abane-autism badlala ngokuhlukile kwabanye abantwana. Bangadlala bonke kwaye bafumane kunzima okanye kungenakwenzeka ukuzibandakanya nabanye abantwana. Basenokudlala "ngokudlala" okanye ukucwangcisa izinto, bazifaka ezigodini, okanye bajikeleze egcekeni okanye kwindawo yokudlala ephosa ukungcola emoyeni. Akunakwenzeka ukuba badlale imidlalo "yokuzenza" intlalo efana ne "indlu" kwaye unokufumana kunzima ukulandela imithetho yezemidlalo njengebhola okanye i-baseball.
Kutheni Kubalulekile Ukuqonda I-autism kubantwana?
Kukho izizathu ezininzi zokuba kubalulekile ukuqaphela, ukuxilonga, nokuphatha i-autism kubantwana. Nazi ezinye ezimbalwa:
- Uphulo oluqala kunye olunzulu luboniswa ukuba luncedo ekunciphiseni iimpawu. Iimpawu ezincinci kunye neempawu zomntwana wakho, zilungele ukuba ziyakwazi ukubandakanya iinkqubo zesikolo ezibandakanya kunye namava oluntu.
- Ukuqonda izizathu zokuziphatha komntwana wakho kunye nemingeni kunokukunceda ukuba uqonde kakuhle ukuba umntwana wakho ufuna ukuphumelela.
- Izikolo kunye nenkampani ye-inshorensi yempilo inikezela ngeenkonzo ezininzi zamahhala kubantwana abane-autism ezingenakufumaneka kumntwana onokulibaziseka.
- Ukhuseleko loluntu kunye namanye arhente anokukwazi ukunceda ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zomntwana wakho.
- I-Autism ngoku yaziwa ngokubanzi kangangokuba amaninzi angenayo inzuzo kunye neenkampani zihambelana ngqo neemfuno zeentsapho ezinezingane ezizimeleyo. Emva kokuba uqonde ukuxilongwa komntwana wakho, uya kufumana ngokukhawuleza ufumene iinkqubo ezise-autism-friendly ezivela kumaqela ezemidlalo ukuya kwi-movie ebusuku ukuya kwiintsuku ezikhethekileyo kwi-zoo.
- Xa uyayazi ukuxilongwa komntwana wakho, unokufumana iinkxaso kunye neqela kunye nokuhlangabezana nabazali abanengxaki efanayo. Awuyi kubona kuphela izixhobo ongazange wazi, kodwa unokufumana abahlobo abatsha-zombini kunye nomntwana wakho.
Ukuba Ucinga Ngomntwana Wakho Unokuba Yi-Autistic
Ngokusekelwe kwingcaciso engentla, unokuziva ukuba umntwana wakho kufuneka ahlolwe nge-autism. Ukuba kunjalo:
- Funda okunye malunga neempawu ze-autism ukuze uqiniseke ukuba uqonda ngokuchanekileyo indlela u-autism ehluke ngayo kwezinye iingxaki.
- Xoxa nodokotela wezilwanyana ukuba ufumanise ukuba uyavumelana novavanyo lwakho-kwaye ucele iingcebiso kwiingcali okanye kwiiklinikhi ezingenza uvavanyo. Ukuba udokotela wakho wezingane akavumelani nawe, qiniseka ukuba uyaqonda ukuba kutheni kwaye uyaqiniseka ukuba uyavuma. Ukuba awuvumelani, qhubela phambili kwisinyathelo esilandelayo.
- Xoxa nesithili sakho kwisikolo ukuba ubone ukuba ngaba unamathuba okuvavanya umntwana wakho mahhala. Ukuba akunjalo, banakho ukuphakamisa iklinikhi okanye ingcali abayisebenzisayo.
- Khetha ogqirha okanye iklinikhi uze wenze ukuqesha.
Ungabi namahloni ngokucela ukuhlolwa. Ukuba umntwana wakho u-autistic, ngokuqinisekileyo wenze into efanelekileyo. Ukuba umntwana wakho ulibazisekile okanye imingeni engayifanelekanga ukuxilongwa kwe-autism, uye wafumanisa le micimbi kwaye unokubaphatha. Ukuba umntwana wakho ukhula ngokungafaniyo, unokubeka ingqondo yakho lula.
Ngamafutshane, uvavanyo luyakunceda kuphela. Kwaye, ekubeni ngokuqhelekileyo kunokwenzeka ukuba umntwana wakho ahlaziywe mahhala, kufuneka ulahlekelwe yintoni?
Imithombo:
Anderson C, uMthetho JK, uDaniels A, Rice C, Mandell DS, Hagopian L, uMthetho PA. Impembelelo kunye neentsapho zempembelelo yokubambisa abantwana abaneengxaki ze-autism. Pediatrics. Novemba 2012.
Umbhalo woPhuhliso lwezoPhuhliso kunye neZenzo zoPhepha. NgoJanuwari 2016.
UJohnson, CP Inkqubo Yokuqala yezonyango zabantwana abane-Autism. Ku: Gupta, VB ed: Iziphazamiso ze-Autistic Spectrum kubantwana. ENew York: UMarcel Dekker, Inc., 2004: 85-123.
URossen RE, uMthetho JK, Yenokyan G, McGready J, uKaufmann WE, uMthetho PA. Iimpawu kunye nokuvumelanisa kweengxabano ze-autism phakathi kwama-277 amabini amabini. I-Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2009; 163 (10): 907-914