Ukuncedisa kukunceda ukucacisa ukuba kutheni abantwana be-autistic bangatyeba, baqhekeze okanye bahambe
Igama elithi "ukuvuselela" lincinci ukuziphatha okuzivuselelayo kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa "ukuziphatha okuphambili". Kumntu onogunya, ukuvuselela ngokuqhelekileyo kubhekisela kwimimiselo ethile eyenza ukufaka izandla, ukugubungula, ukujikeleza, okanye ukuphindaphinda kwamagama kunye namaqela .
Ukuchukumisa phantse kukho impawu ye-autism , kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo yinto ecacileyo kakhulu. Emva koko, bambalwa abantu abaphuhlisayo abantu, i-flap, ijubane, okanye bafake iminwe yabo rhoqo.
Nangona i-autistic stimulation ibonakala ingavamile, nangona kunjalo kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba iintlobo ezincinane zokuvuselela nazo ziyinxalenye yeendlela ezininzi zokuziphatha kwabantu. Ukuba uke wathinta ipensela yakho, utyumbile zakho izipikili, utyumbile iinwele zakho, okanye uthinte izandla zakho, uye wenza ukuvuselela.
Intlukwano enkulu phakathi kwe-autistic kunye nokuxhaswa okuqhelekileyo kukuhlobo, ubukhulu kunye nokucaca kokuziphatha.
Ziziphi izithintelo ezithathwa njengokuba zikhuni?
Ngokuqhelekileyo, iziphathamandla zichazwa ngokuthi "zincinci" xa zihamba ngaphaya kwezinto ezithintekayo ngokwemveli. Ngamanye amazwi, "ukuvuselela" yindlela yokuziphatha engamkelekanga.
Nangona ubuncinci bwamkelekile kwi-United States ukuluma izipikili okanye ukubetha iinwele, umzekelo, kuthathwa njengengavumelekanga ukuzulazula izandla zomntu. Ukugubungela ngokukhawuleza nangokukhawuleza kubamkelekile, kodwa ukugubungela umzimba wonke umva nokugqithiswa kuthathwa njengento yokuvuselela.
Kukho isizathu esona sizathu sokuba kuthenjwa kungabi mkeleke ngakumbi kunokuba ukhonkwane ngezipikili (ngokuqinisekileyo ucoceko!). Kodwa kwihlabathi lethu, izandla ze-flappers zifumana ingqwalasela engeyiyo ngelixa i-nail biters (ubuncinci ukuya kwinqanaba elithile) liyakunyamezela.
Ezinye iziqhumane zingaba zibi kakhulu, kwaye zilungele ngokusemthethweni okanye zitshitshise abantu abaqhelekileyo.
Ngokomzekelo, abantu abathile be-autistic bakhuthaza ngokubethela izandi ezivakalayo ezinokuzongela okanye ezisongelayo. Abanye bazibetha ngezandla zabo, okanye banqumla iintloko zabo eludongeni. Ezi ntlobo zemihlathi zicacileyo ziyingxaki kwizizathu ezahlukeneyo.
Xa Abantu Bama-Autistic Baxhamla?
Kubantu abaninzi, ukuvuselela kwenzeka kuphela ngoku. Abantu abane-autism, nangona kunjalo, baninzi bakuthola kunzima ukuyeka ukuvuselela, kwaye banokukwenza ngexesha lokuhamba kwabo kweeyure. Basenokukhuthaza ngenxa yokuba bayonwabile, bayonwabile, banxungule, baxakeke, okanye ngenxa yokuba bayathuthuzela. Ngaphantsi kweemeko ezixinzelelekileyo, zinokukhuthaza ixesha elide.
Uninzi lwethu luyakwazi kwaye luyakwazi ukulawula izithintelo zethu (asiyi kuluma izipikili zethu, umzekelo, ngelixa zifumana isidlo sothando). Ukuba siziva sisidingo sokuvuselela imeko esicinezelekileyo, sihlala siqaphela ukuba siqaphele. Ngokomzekelo, sinokuthi sithinte iizwane zethu phantsi kwetafile kunokuba zixakeke emva nangaphambili. Kodwa abantu abane-autism, nangona kunjalo, abanako ukuqonda kunye nokuphendula kwiimpendulo zabanye kwiintsimbi zabo. Kubonakala ngathi kuneemeko apho abanye abantu abane-autism bengakwazi ukulawula ama-stims abo, okanye bafumene nzima kakhulu kwaye kunzima ukwenza njalo.
Kutheni Abantu Abantu Abavumiyo?
Akucaci ukuba kutheni ukutsalana kubangele kuqhutywe kunye ne-autism, nangona ininzi iingcali zithi "isisombululo" kunye nokuzincama.
Ngaloo ndlela, kusenokwenzeka ukuba kubekho ukuphuma kwenkqubo yokusebenza ngokungahambi kakuhle kwezinto eziqhelekileyo zihamba kunye ne-autism.
Abantu abane-autism bazama ukuzinceda ukulawula ukuxhalaba, ukwesaba, umsindo, ukuvuya, ukulindela kunye nezinye iimvakalelo ezinamandla. Bakhuthaza ukunceda ngokwabo ukusingatha ingcamango engathandekiyo (ingxolo enkulu, ukukhanya, ukushisa, njl.). Kukho amaxesha apho abantu bevusa umkhwa, njengokuba abantu be-neurotypical bakha izipikili zabo, bajike iinwele zabo, okanye bathabathe iinyawo zabo.
Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuvuselela kungabakhona indawo yokuhlala yokuhlala, okwenza kube lula ukuba umntu ogunyazisiweyo angakwazi ukulawula iimeko ezinzima.
Xa kuphazamiseka, kubangela iingxaki zentlalo, okanye kubangela ukulimala ngokwasemzimbeni okanye kwabanye, nangona kunjalo, unokufumana indlela yobomi bemihla ngemihla.
Iingcebiso zokuLawula amaTyhubhu
Ngaba ukuziphatha okuvuselelayo kufuneka kuvunyelwe okanye "kucime" ngonyango? Ngokuqhelekileyo, ngaphandle kokuba ukuziphatha kuyingozi, akukho sizathu sokuyinqabela-kodwa kukho izizathu ezininzi zokuyilawula. Umzekelo:
- Ngokungafani nabantu abaninzi, abantu abane-autism bangakhuthaza rhoqo. Ngenxa yoko, ukuvuselela kunokuma phakathi kwabo kunye nokukwazi kwabo ukusebenzisana nabanye, ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi eqhelekileyo, okanye nokuba kufakwe kwiiklasi eziqhelekileyo, indawo zokuhlala, okanye indawo zokuqeshwa.
- Ukukhuthaza kungabangela ukuphazamiseka kwabanye kwaye, kwezinye iimeko, kunokwenzakalisa. Umntwana ohlala efuna ukuhamba ngesantya okanye ukuzibetha entloko ngokuqinisekileyo uyisiphazamiso kubafundi abaqhelekileyo-kunye nakwezinye iimeko ezigqithiseleyo, ukuvuselela kunokusongela ukubukela.
- Ukuqhakraza kunokubangela ingqalelo engafanelekanga. Abantwana abadala kunye nabantu abadala bahlala bechithwa ngenxa yezenzo zabo ezingaqhelekanga okanye eziphazamisayo.
Ukunciphisa okanye ukuguqula iziqhumane kunokuba nzima. Izitampu zixhobo zokulawula ingcamango engqondweni kunye nefuthe, ngenxa yoko nje ukujezisa umntwana ngokuvuselela kungabangela umonakalo omkhulu kunokuba kuhle. Okona kuncinci, inkqubo kufuneka iphucule kwaye iphendule iimfuno zomntu ngamnye.
- Ukuhlaziywa koBuchule bokuPhatha (ABA) , ukuphathwa kwezonyango, kunokunceda abantu ukuba banqande okanye baguqule ezinye zazo zokuvuselela.
- Iingcali zengqesho zibonelela "ukutya okuvelayo" ukunceda ukunciphisa imfuno yezigodo.
- Kwezinye iimeko, ukuvuselela kungancitshiswa ngamayeza ajongene neengxaki zokuxhalabisa.
- Imimandla engqongileyo kunye nentlalo ingatshintshwa ukuze kube nexhala elingenamlinganiselo. Iiklasi ezincinci, izicwangciso ezithe gqolo, kunye nokulindela okucacileyo konke kunokuhamba indlela ende yokunciphisa uxinzelelo.
- Ekugqibeleni, abanye abantu abane-autism bangafunda ngokusebenza kunye nokuqeqesha ukuba batshintshe izibonda zabo (bendiza ibhola yokuxinzelela kunokuba bafake, umzekelo) okanye bahlanganyele ngokugqithiseleyo ngokukhawuleza emakhaya abo.
ILizwi
Ukuqhakraza kubonakala kuyingozi. Kodwa ke unokuhlazisa abazali kunye nabantwana bakowenu, ukuphazamisa ootitshala, okanye ukuyeka-ukubeka abahlobo kunye nabasebenza nabo. Kuliphi iqondo elingafanelekanga abanye ukuba bahlaziye indlela abantu abazimele bafanele baziphathe ngayo? Lo ngumbuzo omele uphendulwe ngabanye ababandakanyekayo, kuquka umntu ozimelayo.
Ngelixa kunokwenzeka ukuba kunokwenzeka ukunciphisa ukuvuselela, nangona kunjalo, akunakwenzeka ukuwuphelisa ngokupheleleyo. Njengomzali okanye umnakekeli kumntu onogesi, kunokufuneka ukuba wamkele into yokuba ilungu lakho lentsapho elizimeleyo liziphatha ngokwahlukileyo kwiontanga zakhe. Oku akusoloko kulula, ngakumbi ukuba unentlonelo kakhulu kwizigwebo zabanye. Ukuba ufuna, qwa lasela ukucebisa ngeengcali ukukunceda ukulawula iimvakalelo zakho kunye nokukhathazeka.
> Imithombo:
> Goldman S. et al. Izibhengezo zeemoto kubantwana abane-autism kunye nezinye iingxaki zokuphuhliswa. I-Med Med Child Neurol. 2009 uJan; 51 (1): 30-8.
> Umkhulukazi, iTempile. Kutheni abantwana abane-autism bekhuthaza? Autism Digest. Matshi 2014.