Indlela i-Autism ingayithinta ngayo uvelwano novelwano
Uvelwano lukwazi ukuziva kunye nabanye. Usizi lukwazi ukuziva abanye. Abantu abane- disism disorder disorder bangabonakala bengenabubele kwaye bengenabubele. Bangahleka xa umntu emele, okanye aphendule ngento encinci okanye ayikho into eyenziwa ngumntu okanye intlungu. Ngaba ukungabikho kokuphendula okufanelekileyo kuthetha ukuba abantu abane-autism abavalelwa novelwano okanye uvelwano?
Yintoni Uphando Olubhekisela Ngayo Ngovelwano, Uvelwano, ne-Autism
Ingaba uphando oluninzi luye kumbuzo wokuba abantu abane-autism bayabaxabisa nabanye. Ngenxa yoko, siyazi ngokucacileyo malunga noko kukuma endleleni yokuvelana; nokuba uvelwano lunokufundiswa; kwaye nokuba kubonakale kungabi navelwano kubonakalisa ukungabikho koxinzelelo lwengqondo.
Ikhono 'lokufunda ingqondo' - ukuqonda iingcamango zomnye ngokuqwalasela ngokucophelela ulwimi lomzimba, ithoni yezwi, ukubonakalisa ubuso, njl. Abantu abane-autism banamaxesha amanzima kakhulu "nokufunda kwengqondo," nangona kucacile ukuba izakhono ziyakwazi ukufundiswa.
Ngoxa uSimon Baron-Cohen ekhupha ukungabi nako kwengqondo yokufunda "kwindoda engaphezulu" ingqondo ejolise kwiinkqubo kunokuba kubudlelwane, uDkt. UFrith uthi "ukungabikho kokubambisana okanye ukudibanisa akubonakali ukuba yinto ehlukeyo ye-autism ebuntwaneni. " Ucwaningo olunxulumene noJones et al olufanisa i-psychopathic nezingane ezizimeleyo lufumanisa "i-affective / information processing correlates ye-psychopathic tendency kunye ne-ASD ehluke kakhulu.
Iingqondo zengqondo zinxulumene nobunzima ekujonganeni nokukhathazeka kwabanye abantu, kanti i-ASD ibonakala ubunzima ekuzileni ukuba abanye abantu bacinga ntoni. "
Ngoxa uFrith, uJonas, nabanye bebonisa ukuba ukungabikho kovelwano kubantu abane-autism kubangelwa ubunzima bokunxibelelana ngomlomo nangokungathethi, nangona kunjalo, ezinye iingcaphephe zibonisa ukuba ukungafani kwemeko engqondweni kungabangela ukungabi nangovelwano.
Ukongezelela, uphando olutshanje luthi, "Abafundi abane-ASD bangasebenzisa isicwangciso esicacileyo sokuqonda ukuba bafikeleleke kwiimeko zabo zengqondo xa bephendulwa ngabanye abantu."
Kutheni abantu abane-Autism bangabonakala bengenabubele okanye bengenabubele
Abaninzi abaphuhlisa abantu bafunda ulwimi lomzimba olufanelekileyo kunye namazwi ukubonisa uvelwano novelwano ngokubukela nokuxelisa abazali nabanye abantu. Ngokomzekelo, umntu okhulayo oneminyaka emine ubudala, umzekelo, unokubona ukubonakalisa intlungu ngenxa yokuba ubonile ngaphambili, nokuba ngumntu okanye kwiTV. Ngokufanayo, "unokumanga u-boo-boo" ngenxa yokuba ubona omnye umntu wenza into efanayo.
Abantu abane-autism, nangona kunjalo, abanalo izakhono zentlalo ezinxulumene nokuqwalasela ulwimi nolwimi. Akunamathuba okuxelisa abanye ngokukhawuleza. Ngaloo ndlela, ukungabikho kovelwano okanye uvelwano kungabangelwa kukungabikho kwezakhono kunokungabi noluvo. Kungenxa yokuba ezininzi zezakhono ezifunekayo ukuze ziqonde kwaye ziphendule iimvakalelo zabanye zichanekileyo izakhono ezinokuthi zonakaliswe kwi-autism. Umzekelo:
- Ukuze uvelane nomnye umntu, umntu makabone iimvakalelo zomnye umntu. Abantu abane-autism banenkinga ngokufunda "ubuso bomntu kunye nolwimi lomzimba, kwaye abanakho ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo amagama abo athetha.
- Ukuze uxolelane nomnye umntu, umntu kufuneka abelane ngamathemba omntu, amaphupha kunye / okanye ukulindela. Abantu abane-autism abanakho, ngokomzekelo, babelana nomnqweno omkhulu wokubandakanyeka ngothando, isifiso sokunyuka kwintlangano, okanye ukwesaba ukuhlazeka.
- Ukuvakalelwa ngomnye umntu, umntu kufuneka abe nolwazi lokuqonda kunye nolwasemoyeni ukuxela ngokwazo iimvakalelo zomnye. Abantu abane-autism banokuba nemingeni engqiqo-okanye abanokuthi bangabi namava okuyimfuneko ukuba bavelele-nokuba ngaba banako ukuvelana.
- Ukuvakalelwa ngomnye umntu, umntu makangayi kuvakalelwa kuphela loo mntu kodwa abe nezixhobo zokubonisa okanye ukuxelela ngemvakalelo yomsindo. Abantu abane-autism bangabonakali okanye baxelele ngeemvakalelo zabo ngeendlela eziqondakala kakuhle ngabanye.
- Ukuze uxolelane nomnye umntu, umntu kufuneka abelane ngolwazi lweenkcubeko ezibonakaliswayo kwaye zifunwa. Abantu abane-autism abanako ukuthabatha inkcubeko, kwaye ngaloo ndlela abanako ukuvakalisa iimvakalelo zomsindo nangona zivakalelwa.
Ngaphantsi
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo: Nangona abantu abaninzi abane-autism bangabonakala bengenalo uvelwano, izizathu zingabandakanyeka ngakumbi kwiintlupheko zokunxibelelana kwezentlalo kunokuba kungabikho kokusabela kweemvakalelo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunokwenzeka ukuba, ngokwenene, kubehluko ngokwasemzimbeni okwenza kube nzima kubantu abane-autism ukuba bavelele-kwaye babonise uvelwano-ngendlela eqhelekileyo.
Imithombo:
> UBaron-Cohen, S .. "Ukwahlukana ngesondo kwingqondo: impembelelo yokuchaza i-autism." Sayensi. 2005 uNgo-4; 310 (5749): 819-23.
> UFrith, U. "Ukuhlaziywa: UkuPhilisa kwengqondo kunye neBongo kwi-Autism." Neuron, Vol. 32, 969-979, Disemba 20, 2001, i-Copyright 2001 nge-Cell Press.
Jones, et al. "Ukuziva, ukhathalela, ukwazi: iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zentembeko ebantwini abafana neengqondo ze-psychopathic kunye ne-autism disorder disorder." J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2010 Nov; 51 (11): 1188-97.
> Schrandt et al. "Ukufundisa izakhono zovelwano kubantwana abane-autism". J Appl Behav Anal. 2009 Spring: 42 (1): 17-32.
> Schulte-Rüther et al. "Izidumbu kwiinkonzo zengqondo ezixhasa uxanduva: ukuhlolwa kwe-FMRI kubantu abadala abaneengxaki ze-autism." Soc Neurosci. 2011 Feb; 6 (1): 1-21. Epub 2010 Oktobha 13.