Indlela Indlela Yokuziphatha Engazenza Ngayo kwi-Autism Diagnosis
Ukuba uye wakhangela iimpawu ze- autism , mhlawumbi uye wabona isalathiso "sokungabikho kokuthintana kwamehlo." Nangona le nto ibonakala inkcazo entle ngokucacileyo, kukho okuninzi ngakumbi ekuziphatheni kunokuba umntu alindele.
I-Autism ichongwa njani
"Ukungabikho kokuthintana kwamehlo" ngenye yeendlela ezichanekileyo ezisetyenziswe oogqirha ukuxilonga i-autism. Akufanele sicacise ukuba umntu ongenakubukela abanye kwiso ilinganiselwe nge-autistic; mhlawumbi unamahloni.
Kunoko, eli gama lisetyenziselwa ukwakha umzimba wobungqina apho i-autism ingaqinisekiswa. Ekubeni akukho mali kunye nokuzama ukucinga okukwenza oko, oogqirha kufuneka bathembele kwizinto eziphathekayo zokuziphatha. Uluhlu lunokuthelekisa kunye neenkcazo ezichazwe kwiNcwadana yokuThengisa kunye neSatistim of Disabilities (DSM-5) eyapapashwa yi-American Psychiatric Association.
Ngokusekelwe kobubungqina, ugqirha unokuqinisekisa okanye angabandakanyi i-autism njengesizathu okanye, ngokuchaseneyo, ukubonisa ukuba ukuxilongwa akungqinelani.
Uqhagamshelwano lwemehlo njengeCriteria ye-Autism
Ngokutsho kwe-DSM-5, i-autism ibonakalisa "ukuphazamiseka okuphawulekayo ekusebenziseni iimpawu ezininzi ezingabonakaliyo ezifana nokujonga amehlo, ukujonga ubuso, ukunyakaza komzimba kunye nokuthintela ukulawula ukusebenzisana kwentlalo."
Oko kuthetha ukuthini ukuba umntwana akakwazi ukuthetha iimvakalelo okanye iingcamango ngendlela abanye abantwana abenza ngayo, kubandakanye ukukwazi ukujonga amehlo.
Akukho nto ibonisa ukuba umntwana akafuni ukukhangela; kungokuthi akakwazi ukuqonda umongo wokuqhagamshelana kwamehlo kwintetho.
Ngaloo ndlela, umntwana othethayo kwaye asebenzise ulwimi lomzimba kodwa wenqaba ukudibana kwamehlo akunakwenzeka ukuba yi-autistic. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umntwana ongenakunxibelelana kwamehlo kunye nezinye iindlela zokunxibelelana ngomlomo nangengabonakali (njengokuthetha okanye ukukhomba izinto), ngokwenene, unokufumana iimpawu ze-autism.
Eminye impawu yokuxilonga
I-DSM-5 ichaza i-autism njengento engapheliyo yokunxibelelana kwezentlalo kunye nentsebenziswano kwiimeko ezininzi njengoko zibonakaliswe ziziphatho ezilandelayo :
- Ukungabikho kokutshatyalaliswa kwezentlalo-zengqondo (ukutshintshana ngokubambisana kweempembelelo kunye neempendulo)
- Ukungabikho kokuthetha okungabonakaliyo (kubandakanywa nokuboniswa ubuso)
- Ukungakwazi ukuhlakulela, ukugcina, okanye ukuqonda ubudlelwane, ngokuqhelekileyo kubonwa ngabanye njengabantu abangenandaba okanye abangathandekiyo
Kucacile ukuba ukungabikho kokuthintana kwamehlo kunokudlala inxaxheba kuzo zonke ezi ziphathayo.
Indlela Yokuxelela Ukuba Kukho Ingxaki
Njengoko kuthethwe ngaphambili, ukungabikho koqhagamshelwano kwamehlo akumele kuthathelwe ingqalelo kwiimpawu ze-autism. Oku kuyinyani ngokukhethekileyo kwiintsana ezingenako ukuqhagamshelana kwamehlo kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo zijika iintloko zazo kwicala lobuso bomntu.
Nangona kunjalo, unokuba ufuna ukuphanda i-autism ukuba umntwana wakho ungaphantsi kwethathu, engabonwanga kunye naye, kwaye ubonakalisa nayiphi na enye impawu elandelayo:
- Ukungaphumeleli ukuphendula lakhe egameni lakhe nangona uvalelwa ngokuqhelekileyo
- Ukulibaziseka okuphuhlisayo kwiintetho ezinkulu zonxibelelwano
- I-autism ephathekayo yokuziphatha njengento ephindaphindiweyo, engekho imisebenzi , ukungabikho komdlalo wokudlala, okanye ukusetyenziswa kwamathoyizi
Unokwenza isigqibo sokuba uthintane nophuhliso lwezingane okanye uphando lwezengqondo ukuqhuba uvavanyo ngokusekelwe kwi-Autism Psychodynamic Assessment of Changes (APEC).
Kwenzeka ntoni emva koko
Ukuba umntwana wakho ufumaneka ukuba ene-autism, unyango lunokuqalisa ukuphuhlisa okanye ukuphucula izakhono zakhe zokuxhumana ngokubanzi.
Nangona ezinye iinjongo ziza kufakwa ekuphuculeni ukuqhagamshelana kwamehlo, ngokuqhelekileyo asiyiyo isisombululo sokuqala nesiphelo. Kwabanye, ukuqhagamshelana kwamehlo kunokuba ngumthombo wokuxhalaba okukhulu kunye / okanye ukugqithisa , ngelixa abanye baza kuphendulwa ngokukhangela umntu ngomntu onokude.
Ukubeka iinjongo ezinokwenene, ukwandisa ihlale yindlela efanelekileyo yokuqinisekisa ukuba umntwana wakho ufumana unonophelo olufanelekileyo kwiimfuno zakhe.
> Imithombo:
> Haag, G; Botbol, M .; Graignic, R. et al. Isisombululo se-Autism Psychodynamic of Changes (APEC): Ukuthembeka nokufunda ngokusemthethweni kwenkqubo yokuhlola kwengqondo esanda kuphuhliswa ngokusemgangathweni yolutsha olunentsingiselo yoPhuhliso oluPhezulu ". J Physiol Paris . 2010; 104 (6): 323-36. INGXELO: 10.1016 / j.jphysparis.2010.10.002.
> Senju, A. kunye noJohnson, M. "Ukuthintana kwamehlo e-autism: imizekelo, iindlela kunye nophuhliso." Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2009; 33 (8): 1204-14. INGXELO: 10.1016 / j.neubiorev.2009.06.001.