Abantwana abane-Autism bangase balahleke izinto ezibalulekileyo zoPhuhliso
Isiganeko esikhulu sophuhliso luphawu lophuhliso lomntwana oluqhelekileyo. Abantwana bafikelela kwiindawo ezininzi eziphuhlisayo phakathi kokuzalwa nokudala. Iimpawu ezinokuqala ziquka ukunxwaba kwentlalo, ukunyuka, nokuhlala. Kamva ubunzima buquka ukufunyanwa kwezakhono zolwimi, ezentlalo, ezempilo, nezemvakalelo, kunye neengqondo.
Abantwana abane-autism bathambekele ekungangeni kuzo zonke iinkalo zabo zophuhliso ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
Kodwa loo ngxelo yinto ephezulu yokugqithisa into yokuba:
- Abaninzi bama-autistic bafikelela kwiindawo eziphambili zokuphuhlisa ngexesha okanye ekuqaleni, kodwa emva kokulahlekelwa ngumhlaba.
- Uninzi lwabantwana be-autistic lufikelela kwezinye iindawo ezibalulekileyo zophuhliso ngexesha okanye ekuqaleni, kodwa zifikelela kwabanye ngokukhawuleza okanye kungekhona.
- Abanye abantwana be-autistic bafikelela kwezinye iindawo ezibalulekileyo zentuthuko kodwa bafikelela kwabanye ngokukhawuleza.
- Abantwana abane-autism bangabonakala befumana izakhono ezibalulekileyo-kodwa ngokwenene abakwazi ukusebenzisa ezo zakhono kwiimeko zangempela-hlabathi.
- Abantwana abaninzi abane-autism banokuthiwa yi "splinter" izakhono, ezinokuphucula kakhulu kodwa ezingenakuncedo kwimpilo yemihla ngemihla.
- Abantwana abanegunya, ngokukodwa amantombazana asebenza ngokuphezulu, ngamanye amaxesha banako ukufihla okanye ukunqoba ukulibaziseka okuphuhlisayo.
Ngenxa yokuba bambalwa kakhulu, akumangalisi ukuba abazali nabagqirha bafumana nzima ukubona i-autism, ingakumbi kubantwana abancinci okanye abaphezulu kakhulu.
Kukho ke ke, ngamanqaku ambalwa okuphuhlisa ayenako kwaye ayabonakala xa umntwana ephethe i-autistic.
Ziziphi Izinto Eziphuculayo?
I-CDC ikwahlula iindawo eziphuhlisayo kumaqela: ukuhamba / umzimba, ingqiqo, ulwimi / ukunxibelelana, ezentlalo / zengqondo. Babala amanqanaba athile okuphumelela kwixesha ngalinye, ukuqala ngeenyanga ezili-1 kwaye bahamba beselula.
Nangona becaca ukuba abantwana abanako ukufikelela kunoma yimuphi umlinganiselo obalulekileyo kwixesha elichanekileyo elichazwe, baphakamisa ukuba abazali bahlale behlolisise ukuba baqiniseke ukuba umntwana usekude okanye uvale.
Uninzi lwabantwana abane-autism lunokufunyanwa ngethuba elimncinci-ngokuqhelekileyo lineminyaka engama-3. Nantsi uluhlu olulula oluthile lwezinto eziphambili ezineminyaka engama-3 ubudala kwiCDC:
Ezentlalontle kunye nemizwelo
- Iikopi abadala kunye nabahlobo
- Ubonisa uthando kubahlobo ngaphandle kokubangela
Ujika emidlalo
Ubonisa ukukhathazeka ngomhlobo wokulila
Uqonda imbono "yam" kunye "yakhe" okanye "yakhe"
- Ubonisa uluhlu olubanzi lweemvakalelo
- Ukwahlula ngokulula kumama nobaba
- Ngamana ungathukuthela ngeenguqu ezinkulu kwixesha eliqhelekileyo
- Izambatho kwaye ziphazamise
ULwimi / uLonxibelelwano
Ulandela imiyalelo ngamanyathelo ama-2 okanye amathathu
Unokuba negama elonaqhelekileyo
Uqonda amagama anjenge "ngaphakathi," "on," kunye "phantsi"
- Igama lokuqala, iminyaka kunye nobulili
Amagama umhlobo
Amagama athi "mna," "mna," "thina" kunye "nawe" kunye nezinye ezininzi (imoto, izinja, iikati)
Uthetha ngokufanelekileyo ukuze abantu abangaziwayo baqonde ubuninzi bexesha
Uqhuba incoko usebenzisa izivakalisi ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3
Ingqiqo (ukufunda, ukucinga, ukusombulula iingxaki)
- Ungasebenzisa amathoyizi ngamaqhosha, amaqhosha, kunye neendawo ezihambayo
- Ukudlala ukukholelwa ngamadonki, izilwanyana kunye nabantu
- Ugqiba iipuzzle ngeengcezu ezi-3 okanye ezine
Uqonda ukuba "ezimbini" zithetha ntoni
- Ikopisha isangqa nge penisi okanye kwikrayoni
- Uguqula amaphepha encwadi ngelo xesha
- Ukwakha iinqaba zokuloba ezingaphezulu kwe-6
- Iifreyiti kwaye i-unscrews ibhodlela yeebhotile okanye ijika umphathi wesango
Ukuhamba / UkuPhuculo loPhuhliso
- Ukunyuka kakuhle
Ihamba ngokulula
- Iipaltiki isithuthuthu (ibhayisikili e-3)
- Uhamba ngezinyathelo ezisezantsi kunye nenyuka, unyawo olunye kwisinyathelo ngasinye
Xa ukuphulukana nokuPhuhliswa koPhuhliso kungaphakamisa i-Autism
Kukho izizathu ezininzi zokubangela ukuba abantwana bangaphuthelwa phambili. Kwiimeko ezininzi, akukho nto ebangela ukukhathazeka. Kungenxa yokuba:
- Abantwana bahluke omnye komnye kwaye, ngokwemvelo, bahlakulele kumaxabiso ahlukeneyo.
- Abantwana abazalelwa ngaphambi kokudala bangaphuthelwa kwizinto ezibalulekileyo kodwa bavame ukufumana.
- Abafana badla ngokukhawuleza ukukhula kunamantombazana, kodwa phantse bahlale befumana.
- Abantwana abaninzi banokugxininisa kwiziganeko ezithile zokuba baphoswe ngabanye. Ngokomzekelo, umntwana onobubele kakhulu angakwazi ukufikelela kwiziganeko eziphambili zezinto eziphathekayo kwaye emva koko afikelele kwiindawo ezisemgangathweni.
- Imingeni yezokwelapha zangaphambili inganciphisa intuthuko-kodwa abaninzi abantwana banako ukufikelela kwiontanga ezifanayo.
- Imingeni ethile echanekileyo, njengobunzima bokuva, inganciphisa ukuphuhliswa kwangoko kodwa ingaba nefuthe elincinci ekuphuhlisweni kwexesha elide.
Ngako-ke, ngabazali bamele bakhathazeke ngani nge-autism? I-CDC inikeza uluhlu olufutshane lwemiba emele iphakamise iiflegi ezibomvu .
- Awukwazi ukusebenzisa amathoyizi alula (njengeebhodi zepende, iipuzzles elula, ukujika umgca)
- Akathethi kwizivakalisi
- Ayayiqondi imiyalelo elula
- Ayidlala ukuzenza ngathi okanye ukukholelwa
- Awufuni ukudlala nabanye abantwana okanye ngamathoyizi
- Akunakuboniswa kwamehlo
- Ubeka izakhono ayenayo
Nangona le miba ingaba yimpawu ye-autism, nangona kunjalo, abayi kuba. I-Autism ifanelekile xa abantwana banemibandela engaphezulu kweyodwa kule miba okanye baneminye imiba enxulumene neemeko zentlalo / zentlalo okanye zonxibelelwano.
Kutheni ukuHlola ukuPhucula okuPhambili kwe-Autism kungakhohlisa
Ngamanye amaxesha, abantwana abane-autism baphonsa amaninzi amaninzi kwaye banokulibaziseka okucacileyo nokucacileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, nangona kunjalo, izinto ezibalulekileyo ezingekho phantsi zingabonakali okanye zingabonakali. Oku kubangelwa ukuba abantwana abane-autism abaxakeli nje; bafunda kwaye baziphathe ngendlela eyahlukileyo kwiontanga zabo.
Ukongezelela, i-autism ayibonakali ngokucacileyo ukususela ekuzalweni. Abantwana abaninzi abane-autism baqala ngokuqhelekileyo ixesha elide kwaye banokuphuculwa, bahlakulele idiosyncratically, okanye ngokwenene baphindele. Ngenxa yale miba, kunokuba nzima ukujonga i-autism nje ngokubukela izinto ezibalulekileyo zokuphuhliswa.
Nasi umzekelo wendlela u-autism enokukwenza ngayo kunzima ukubeka iliso ngokucacileyo kwiminyaka engama-3 ubudala.
UJohnny uneminyaka emithathu ubudala. Wazalelwa ngexesha elipheleleyo kwaye wadibanisa zonke izinto zakhe ezibalulekileyo ngobudala obuneminyaka engama-2. Unesigama samagama amaninzi, amanye awo anemigangatho yenzululwazi engaphezulu kwezinga eli-3 ubudala. Kananjalo uyakwazi ukuthetha izivakalisi ezininzi njengegama elithi "Ndifuna ijusi," okanye "ikhukhi iqala ngoC." UJohnny naye unokubalelwa kuma-20. Ngokusekelwe kule nkcazo, kubonakala ngathi uYohny wenza kakuhle, kwaye udibanise kwaye udlulile uninzi lwazo zonxibelelwano kunye nezinto ezinokuqonda.
Kodwa uYohnny ubini oqaqambileyo kunye ne-autistic. Ngenxa yoko, uye wabamba ngeenkumbulo eziliqela zezivakalisi ezintathu ukusuka kwi-TV. Ukuba uphulaphula ngokukhawuleza, uya kuqaphela ukuba akaphendulanga kwiimeko zangempela kwangoko. Kunoko, "uphinda" ukuthetha kwiSesame Street, ngendlela efanayo kunye neyithethi efanayo nabalinganiswa abakuboniswayo. Unokubala ukuya kuma-20, kodwa kuphela xa enza njalo ngelizwi elifanayo njenge "Count" evela kumboniso weTV.
Xa uvavanywa, kuyacaca ukuba uJohnny akanakuphinda aphinde aphinde ahlawule amagama esigama sokudala izivakalisi. Uyakwazi ukuthetha kuphela ngama-dinosaurs xa efunda iintetho ezivela kumaxwebhu. Kwaye ngelixa ekwazi ukuphindaphinda amanani akhe, akakwazi ukubala izinto.
Kungathatha ixesha elide abazali bakaJohnny ukuba baqaphele ukuba izakhono zolwimi zikaJohn ezingabambezeli ngokukhawuleza-kodwa ziyi-idiosyncratic. Ootitshala banokuba bacinga ukuba unobuncwane-kwaye, eneneni, unobungcali kwiindlela ezithile. Ngaphambi kokuba babone nayiphi na imiba ebalulekileyo, abantu abadala kuYohny ubomi bangadinga ukubona ezinye iingxaki ezinokuvela, ezifana nobunzima bezakhono zokudlala, ukunxibelelana kwamehlo, okanye intsebenziswano yentlalontle.
Indlela Ukulahla Kwemvume Yokuba I-Autistic Delays Inokugutywa okanye ifihliwe
Abanye abantwana abane-autism banokulibaziseka okunzulu kwengqondo, imingeni yokuziphatha, okanye "imithwalo" yomzimba (ukubetha okanye ukuphosa) okucaca ukuba into engalunganga. Kodwa abantwana abaninzi be-autistic banokulibaziseka okufutshane okanye okukhawulezayo, imingeni, okanye i-stims. Xa kunjalo, ukulibaziseka kwentuthuko kunokuba nzima ukuzibona.
Nazi iimbalwa ezimbalwa zabantwana abangabonakaliyo ukuphuculwa kwentuthuko kuze kubekho ukunyuswa kweemfuno zentlalo, zengqondo okanye zonxibelelwano (ngokuqhelekileyo emva kwamabanga 1 okanye 2):
- Amantombazana : I- autism ibangela ukuba abantwana bahlale bezolile, bexakeke kuluntu, kwaye banako ukuphakamisa izandla okanye bathethe. Bangase babonakale "bephupha" okanye bangaboni. Ezi ziphatha zifanelekile ngokwenkcubeko yamantombazana kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi. Ngaloo ndlela, amantombazana ase-autistic angabonwanga kunye neentuthuko eziphambili zingaphumelela phantsi kwe-radar. Bavame ukubizwa ngokuthi "unamahloni noxolo," mhlawumbi, kungabonakali kakhulu. Kungathatha ixesha elide kubazali nootitshala ukuba babone ezinye iimpawu.
- Abantwana abanengqondo ephawulekayo okanye izakhono zokukhahlela . Abantwana abambalwa abane-autism baqaqambile okanye banezakhono ezimangalisayo ezidlulileyo kwiminyaka yabo. Ngokomzekelo, abanye abantwana abane-autism banokuyicombulula iipuzzles eziyinkimbinkimbi, ukufunda ngexesha elimncinci kakhulu, okanye ubonise imatriki emangalisayo, umculo okanye iikhompyutheni. Basenokuthi baye baqhubela phambili amagama kwiimfuno zabo ezikhethekileyo. Xa kunjalo, abazali kunye nootitshala abanako ukuqaphela ukuba umntwana ofanayo onokuyicombulula i-math equation ye-math engakwazi ukudlala ngeso lengqondo okanye ukubamba ibhola.
- Abantwana abanomntakwabo onovelwano okanye oontanga. Kwezinye iindwendwe kunye namaklasini, abantakwabo abathandanayo okanye oontanga banokubamba imoto enye yomntwana. Aba bantwana abancinci bayithatha ukuba bafunde ukuqonda abaontanga babo kunye nokuthetha nabo. Nangona oku ngokungathandabuzekiyo kunomusa nokunyamekela, kwindlela yokuvumela ukuba oko kunzima ukwenza into yokuba umntwana onokuzimela ngokwenene angenza ntoni kuye.
- Abantwana babazali abaneempawu ze-autistic. Akuqhelekanga kubantwana abane-autism ukuba babe nabazali abanokuxilongwa nge-autism esebenzayo okanye ababizwa ngokuthi "isithunzi" iimpawu ze-autism. Xa kunjalo, abazali banokubona abantwana babo njengoko bekhula ngokuqhelekileyo-okanye njengokuba "bekhupha ibhola elidala." Kungaba nzima nakakhulu kuba bazali ukuba babone umntwana wabo obhalwe nge-autistic, njengoko iilebula ibenokuyisebenzisa ngokulula kubo.
Oko Abazali Abafanele Bakwenze
Ukuba ucinga ukuba umntwana wakho unokulibaziseka kokuphuhliswa kwaye angaba yi-autistic, thabatha inyathelo . Buza udokotela wakho wezilwanyana ukuba abhenkise umntwana wakho ngenxa yokulibaziseka , ngokugxininiswa ngokukhethekileyo kwintlalo yoluntu, ukunxibelelana kunye nezakhono zomzwelo.
Ukuba intuition yakho ayilunganga, awulahlekanga nto ngaphandle kweyure lexesha kunye nomthwalo wokuxhalabisa. Ukuba umntwana wakho wenza, ngokuqinisekileyo, ukulibaziseka kwentuthuko uthathe inyathelo ngokukhawuleza kwaye unokulindela ukufikelela ngokukhawuleza kwezibonelelo kunye neeprogram ezingamnceda ukuba anqobe nayiphi na imingeni.
Eyona nto, akukho nto ilahlekileyo kwaye yonke into inokufumana ngokuthatha isinyathelo ngokukhawuleza!
> Imithombo:
> Harrison, uPam. Amanyathelo okuPhumela kwe-Autism kwaBantwana. Imibuzo yeziKliniki zeMedscape. CME. Kukhutshwa: 11/14/2012.
> Semrud-Clikeman M, et al. Ukuthelekisa phakathi kwabantwana nabantwana abane-autism disorder disorder, ingxaki yokufunda engabonakaliyo kunye nokukhula kwabantwana kwimilinganiselo yokusebenza ngokulawula. I-Autism Dev Disord. 2014 Feb; 44 (2): 331-42.
> CDC. EziPhambili.