Autism kunye "Nengcamango yengqondo"
"Inkolelo yengqondo" ichaza amandla omntu okuqonda ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuba umntu omnye azi into eyenziwa ngengqondo yomnye umntu. "Iingcamango yengqondo" izandile njengengcamango eyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa enyanisweni, ngokuqhelekileyo ixutywa ngabantwana ngaphambi kokuba baneminyaka emihlanu ubudala.
Umntwana owaziyo ingcamango yengqondo uyayiqonda loo mzekelo:
- Ukuba bafihla, abanye abantu abazi ukuba bakuphi.
- Ukuba bacinga ingcamango okanye babe nemvakalelo, kodwa musa ukuyiveza, loo nto ingcinga okanye imvakalelo ayixhunywanga kwabanye (kwaye abanye bangakwazi ukwabelana nazo zonke iingcamango zabo).
- Okuthandayo nokungazithandiyo kunako okanye kungabi nabelwa ngabanye - kwaye abanye banokukhethwa okukhethiweyo kunye nokuthandayo.
- Unolwazi lokuba omnye umntu akanalo, kufuneka axubushe ukuba ulwazi okanye umngcipheko awunakuqondwa.
- Ukuba babona into abanye abangayiboniyo, bayazi into abathile abantu abangazi.
Abantu Abazimeleyo Bafumanisa Ingqondo-Ukufunda Kunzima
Ingcamango yengqondo ingaba yinto engabonakaliyo kubo bobabini nabasemagunyeni. Oku akuthethi ukuba abantu abane-autism abanalo uvelwano , kodwa kunokuba kunzima ukuba baqikelele okwesibili izizathu, iinjongo okanye i-ajenda ezifihliweyo .
Uphando lubonisa ukuba imingeni ibandakanya ubunzima ngokufunda ubuso obusobala kunye nolwimi lomzimba.
Ngokomzekelo, kunokuba nzima kuba bantu be-autistic ukuba bafumane i-intuit nokuba iilebe ziphakanyisiwe zibonakalisa ukothuka, ukwesaba, okanye ukungavumi.
Iimpawu zeVocal nazo zingabangela umba. Ngokomzekelo, sisebenzisa utshintsho oluthile kwi tone kunye ne-prosody ukubonisa imbono yokuba sihlekisayo, sarcastic, disbelieving, njalonjalo. Kodwa xa abantu abane-autistic bengakwazi ukuqaphela ezo ntshintsho ezifihlakeleyo, bangathatha i-jokers ngokungathí sina, okanye bakholelwe ukuba ilizwi elikhohlisayo liyinyaniso.
Ngenxa yoko, abantu abakwi-spectrum bavame ukungaqondi izizathu zabanye abantu okanye iiminqweno. Basenokungakwazi ukunxibelelana ngolwazi okanye ukuxhasa zabo iimfuno. Ubunzima ngombono wengqondo nako kunokubenza abantu be-autistic bafumaneke besengozini yokukhohliswa, ukuxhatshazwa okanye ukuphathwa kakubi.
Autism kunye "Mind-Blindness"
Umphandi uSimon Baron-Cohen uchaza i-Theory of Mind ngokuthi "... ekwazi ukuluhlu lweengxelo zeengqondo (iinkolelo, iiminqweno, intliziyo, ukucinga , imizwa, njl. ukuba sikwazi ukucinga ngezinto eziqulethwe ngabanye nangengqondo yabanye. " UBaron-Cohen wavelisa ixesha ngenxa yokungabi ncamango kwengqondo ebizwa ngokuthi "ingqondo engqondweni."
Abaphandi ababandakanya uBaron-Cohen no-Uta Frith bakholelwa ukuba ingqondo ephosakeleyo kwinqanaba elithile likhoyo kubo bonke abantu kwi-autism. Kwakhona bavakalelwa kukuba ukungabikho kwengcamango yengqondo kubangelwa ukungafani kwemibono, kwaye loo mbono ixhaswa ngophando.
Kwabo bantu kwicala le-autism abanezakhono ezinamandla , kunokwenzeka ukwakha ezinye "iingqondo zokufunda" ngokwenza izinto, ingxoxo kunye nokuqeqeshwa kwezakhono zentlalo. Nangona ngokusebenza kunye noqeqesho, nangona kunjalo, ingqondo engaboniyo ingaba yinto ebalulekileyo kubo bonke abantu kwi-autism inqaku kubo bonke ubomi babo.
Imithombo:
UBaron-Cohen, uSimon. Iingcamango Zengqondo ngoPhuhliso oluqhelekileyo kunye ne-Autism. Prisme , 2001, 34, 174-183.
U-Chevallier C, u-Noveck I, u-Happe F, u-Wilson D. "Yintoni kwiLizwi? I-Prosody njengeNkundla yoVavanyo kwi-Theory ye-Akhawunti yengqondo ye-Autism.
Frith, Uta. UkuPhilisa Ingqondo kunye neBongo kwi-Autism. Neuron, Vol. 32, 969-979, ngoDisemba 20, 2001.
Kana, Rajesh, et al. ImiSebenzi yeBrain esebenzayo kunye neNgcaciso yeMigca ephantsi kweNkcazo-ye-Ingqondo kwi-Autism.Candelo loCacnitive and Affective Neuroscience (2014) 9 (1): 98-105.
Tager-Flusberg, uHelen. Ukuphonononga i-Theory of Mind Hypothesis ye-Autism. Izikhokelo Zangoku kwiSayensi Yeengqondo, Disemba 2007. I-Vol 16 no. 6 311-315.