Isigaba soxinzelelo lwexinzelelo luya kukhokela unyango lwakho lokuqala
Abantu abaninzi bayamangalisa ukufumana uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu njengokufunyanwa ngokungaqhelekanga kwinto yokuqeshwa ngugqirha wengqungquthela kuba ingozi yexinzelelo yegazi ayibangeli iimpawu. Enyanisweni, indlela yodwa yokufumanisa i- hypertension ukulinganisa uxinzelelo lwegazi.
I-American Heart Association icebisa ukuhlolwa ngenyameko yomsinga wegazi ubuncinane kwiminyaka emibili ukuba uxinzelelo lwegazi luhlala kwinqanaba eliqhelekileyo.
Izikhokelo zoMbutho weeNkonzo zoLondolozo lwaseUnited States zincoma ukuhlolwa kwabantu bonke abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka eyi-18.
Kwinqanaba elingaphantsi, abantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 kufuneka babe nokunyanzeliswa kwegazi lwabo ubuncinane omnye ngonyaka. Abantu abadala abaphakathi kweminyaka eyi-18 no-39 kunye nokufunda kwengcinezelo yegazi kwangaphambili phakathi kwe-130-139 mm Hg systolic kunye / okanye 85-89 mm Hg diastolic okanye nemingcipheko yexinzelelo lwegazi eliphezulu, kuquka ukunyamezela okanye ukusetyenziswa kwecuba, kufuneka ihlolwe rhoqo ngonyaka .
Ukuqinisekisa ukuchonga kwakho
Ukuba unomfundi ophezulu, ugqirha wakho uya kufakela ixinzelelo lakho legazi kangangexesha ngaphambi kokuba uhlalutye. Ukuxilongwa komfutho wegazi ophezulu kunye nezigaba zengcinezelo yentsholongwane zisekelwe kumlinganiselo wesibini okanye ngaphezulu kweengcinezelo zegazi ezifundwayo kwizinto ezizimbini ezihlukeneyo, nangona ukuhlolwa kwengcinezelo yegazi kucetyiswa ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukunyuswa kwengcinezelo yegazi efundwayo kwiimviwo zokuhlola rhoqo.
Uhlolo lwengcinezelo lwegazi lwangaphandle yindlela enye yokuqinisekisa xa iliso lokunyanzeliswa kwengcinezelo lwegazi lingafumaneki. Ukuqinisekiswa kweengcinezelo zegazi eziphezulu ukufundwa kwiofisi yegqirha kunconywa kuba ezinye izigulane zifumana "iingubo ezimhlophe zengcinezelo."
Amanyathelo okunyuka kwengqondo achazwe
Izigaba ezahlukeneyo zengxinzelelo yegazi zachazwe yiKomiti yeSizwe ehlangene yoKhusela, ukuThengwa, ukuVavanywa nokuPhathwa koPhulo oluphezulu lwegazi (JNC7) ngo-2003.
Ukongezelela ekuchazeni izigaba ezimbini zengcinezelo yomshukela, i-JNC7 nayo ichaza ukunyanzeliswa kwangaphambili. I-hypertension yenzululwazi inxulumene nomngcipheko we-cardiovascular risk, kubandakanywa ingozi eyongezelelekileyo yesifo senhliziyo.
Amanyathelo oomfutho wexinzelelo asebenza kubantu abadala abangaphathwa unyango lwegazi kunye nabangagula ngoku. Zichazwa yiJNC7 ngolu hlobo:
- Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluqhelekileyo: uxinzelelo lwegazi lwe-systolic ngaphantsi kwe-120 mm Hg kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi lwe-diastolic <80 mm Hg.
- I-hypertension: i-systolic blood pressure ukusuka kwi-120 ukuya kwi-139 mm i-Hg okanye i-diastolic yomsindo wegazi ukusuka kwi-80 ukuya kwi-89 mm Hg.
- Isigaba I-hypertension: i-systolic yegazi ye-140 ukuya kwi-159 mm HG OKANYE noxinzelelo lwegazi lwe-diastolic ukusuka kwi-90 ukuya kwi-99 mm Hg.
- Isigaba sesi-2 soxinzelelo lwegazi: uxinzelelo lwegazi lwe-systolic olungaphezulu okanye elilingana no-160 mm HG OKANYE noxinzelelo lwegazi lwe-diastolic ye-100 mm Hg okanye ngaphezulu.
Xa usebenzisa ukunyanzeliswa kwengcinezelo yegazi okanye ukufundwa kwengcinezelo yegazi, i-hypertension ngokubanzi ichazwa njengama-24-iriyure yama-130/80 mm Hg okanye ngaphezulu; umyinge wemini ka 135/85 okanye ngaphezulu; okanye umyinge webusuku we-120/70 okanye ngaphezulu.
Ukunyuka kwesantya
Phantse iipesenti ezingama-30 zabantu abadala baseUnited States bane-hypertension. Abantu abane-hypertension zentsholongwane banomngcipheko ophezulu weengxaki zentliziyo, nangona azinjalo njengokuba ziphezulu kubantu abanegazi eliphezulu.
Ukuba ungaziphilwanga, i-pretenpertension iya kufudukela kwi- hypertension , ebhekisela kwingcinezelo yegazi ye-140/90 nangaphezulu.
I-hypertension ye-prehypertension ngokuvamile iphathwa ngokuguqulwa kwendlela yokuphila. Ukongeza kokutya kunye nokuzivocavoca, ukuyeka ukutshaya , ukubukela utywala kunye nokugcina isisindo esifanelekileyo, onke amanyathelo abalulekileyo okufuneka uthathe ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi.
Isigaba 1 Uxinzelelo lwexinzelelo
Ngamanye amaxesha, isigaba sengxinzelelo yesifo sokuxinzelela kwingozi sibhekiselwe "njengengqondo" yomsindo ophezulu, okwangelishwa ukuba ngelinye ilanga ungabonakali ubungozi obuhambelana nale meko. Ukongezelela kwiinguqu zokuphila ezicetywayo kuzo zonke izigulane ezine-hypertension ne-hypertension, isigaba se-1 somngcipheko siquka ukusetyenziswa kolunye udidi lweemithi ezinxamnye ne-antihypertensive drugs ezinciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nomngcipheko wesifo nesifo senhliziyo.
Iinqununu eziphakanyiswe ngu-JNC 8 ziquka i-thiazide diuretics , i-ACE inhibitors, i-block block receptor blockers, okanye i-block block ye-calcium. Ikhethelo elikhethekileyo kwizigulane zase-Afrika zaseMelika yi-thiazide diuretics okanye i-calcium channel blocker.
Izikhokelo zeSizwe ezisungulwe yi-JNC8 zincoma ukuba izigulane zase-Afrika zaseMelika ezinexinzelelo lwe-sympress 145 mm Hg okanye ngaphezulu ziqala unyango ngokukhawuleza ngamachiza amabini. Ukuba iinjongo zakho zengcinezelo yegazi azizange zenziwe ngunyanga wokuqalisa unyango ngamachiza oomfutho wexinzelelo, umthamo weyeza kufuneka unyuswe okanye omnye uncedo lweyeza.
Isigaba 2 Uxinzelelo lwexinzelelo
Izigulane ezineesigaba se-2 zengcinezelo kufuneka ziphathwe ngokuguqulwa kwendlela yokuphila kunye nokuqaliswa kwezidakamizwa ezahlukeneyo ezahlukeneyo zeeklasi ezahlukeneyo, ezikhethwe kwiiklasi ezi-5 ezahlukeneyo zemishanguzo yegazi ezibandakanyiweyo kwiingcebiso zeJNC. Ukuba inani lakho lokunyanga kwegazi liwela kwiinqanaba ezahlukeneyo, inani eliphakamileyo liya kusetyenziswa ukugqiba isigaba sakho.
Uxinzelelo lwe-Hypertension
Abantu abaninzi baya kufuna imithi engaphezu kweyodwa okanye ezimbini ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi. Ukuxinzeleleka kwengxinzelelo yelizwi ligama elisetyenziselwa ukuchaza uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwegazi kubantu abanobunzima begazi nangona bathabatha ubuncinane iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango. Ukuba unengcinezelo yokhuseleko, ugqirha wakho uzakufuna imeko okanye isizathu. Amayeza akho angadinga ukulungiswa ukuphumeza ukulawula.
Mayeza
Ukongeza kwiiklasi zonyango ezibandakanyiweyo kwiingcebiso zeJNC, kukho ezinye iindidi ezininzi zamachiza ukunyanga uxinzelelo lwegazi. Ezi ziquka i- blocka blockers kunye ne- diuretics ; ii-vasodilators, ezikhusela izihlunu ezijikeleze imithana yegazi ekuthengeni; i-block blockers, ekhusela imithwalo yemigudu kwimida yegazi; kunye nama-actor-agending agents agqithise ukusasazwa kweempawu zentsholongwane kwiingqondo ezibangelwa ukunciphisa imithana yegazi. Abantu abaninzi baya kufuna amayeza angaphezu kweyodwa ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi.
Iinjongo zoxinzelelo lwegazi
Uphuhliso olucetyiswayo lwexinzelelo lwengqondo lubandakanya zombini imishanguzo kunye nokuguquka okubalulekileyo kokuphila, njengokutya nokuzilolonga. Iinjongo zakho zengcinezelo yegazi ziya kuxhomekeka kwiminyaka yakho kwaye ingaba unayo nezinye izimo zonyango. Abantu abadala abanempilo abaneminyaka engama-60 okanye ngaphezulu kufuneka bazame ukufezekiswa kwengcinezelo yegazi ngaphantsi kwama-150/90 mm Hg. Abantu abadala abasempilweni kunye nabantu abanesifo sikashukela, isifo somgulo, okanye isifo esingasigxina sifo kufuneka sijonge uxinzelelo lwegazi ngaphantsi kwama-140/90 mm Hg.
Kubalulekile ukuqhubeka ukujonga iinombolo zakho kwaye ulandele zonke iinqununu, ekubeni unyango lwexinzelelo lwengqondo lunokunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yeengxaki.
> Imithombo:
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> Egan, B. M., Bandyopadhyay, D., Shaftman, S. R., Wagner, C. S., Zhao, Y., & Yu-Isenberg, K. S. (2012). I-Monotherapy yokuqala kunye noNyango lweNyango kunye ne-Hypertension Ukulawula Unyaka Wokuqala. Ixinzelelo , 59 (6), 1124-1131. i-doi: 10.1161 / hypertensionaha.112.194167
> James, P. A., Oparil, S., Carter, B. L., uCushman, W. C., uDennison-Himmelfarb, C., Handler, J., ... Ortiz, E. (2014). 2014 Isikhokelo esisekelwe kwiNkcazo yoLawulo lwePhepha lokuPhepha kweGazi eliPhakamileyo. I-JAMA , i- 311 (5), i-507. ityala: 10.1001 / jama.2013.284427
> Ukujonga i-High Blood Pressure kuBantu abadala: ISitatimende seNkcazo yeNkcazo yeNtshona Koloni. (2015). Ama-Annals of Medicine Internal , 163 (10), I-32. i-doi: 10.7326 / p15-9036
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