Ukutolika uxinzelelo lwegazi lokufunda abantwana kubunzima xa kuthelekiswa nabantu abadala. Nangona ukunyanzelwa kwengcinezelo yegazi enkulu kunokuqhathaniswa lula kunye nezindleko ezipapashiweyo zento esicatshangelwa ukuba iyinto eqhelekileyo kwaye engaqhelekanga, ukuthelekiswa okulula okunjalo akunakwenzeka kubantwana. Ngenxa yokuba imizimba yabantwana iyatshintsha ngokukhawuleza kwasekuqaleni ebomini, ukunyanzelelwa kwegazi kufuneka kulungiswe ukuphakama, ubudala, ubunzima, kunye nesini.
Ukufunda okutshintshileyo kuthelekiswa neetafile eziluhlu eziluhlu "uluhlu lwama-percentile." Uluhlu lwe-percentile lugqirha ugqirha ukuba uxinzelelo lwegazi olulinganisa njani nabanye abantwana ngokujonga ukuxinzelelo lwegazi oludibeneyo olufundwa kwizigidi zabantwana ngabanye.
Umzekelo, ukuba ugqirha wakho uxelela ukuba ingcinezelo yengcinezelo yengane yakho ingama-percentile engama-65, oko kuthetha ukuba i-35% yabantwana abaneminyaka efanayo, ubude, ubunzima, kunye nesini banomfutho ophezulu wegazi kunomntwana wakho. Ngeenjongo ezininzi, iingcinezelo zegazi ezivela malunga ne-50 ukuya kwi-90 ye-percentiles zibhekwa njengokuba ziphakathi kwezinto eziqhelekileyo, ngelixa ixabiso eliphakamileyo okanye elisezantsi lingabonisa ukuba kufuneka uncedo lwonyango.
Indlela yokuchazela ukufundwa kweengcinezelo zegazi
Amaziko okuLawula izifo (CDC) agcina idatha esetyenzisiweyo ukuvelisa i-charts blood pressure ye-percentile charts, kwaye yonke idatha ifumaneka ngokukhululekile kuluntu.
Isilinganiselo somntu wokuphakama, isisindo, kunye nesicatshulwa somzimba (BMI) esetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iitshathi ze-percentile nazo ziyafumaneka ukukhuphela (iFomathi yeFomathi):
- Ukuphakama ngamaphupha okudala
- Abafana
- Amantombazana
- Isisindo ngeeDrama zexesha
- Abafana
- Amantombazana
- I-BMI ngeeDrans Age
- Abafana
- Amantombazana
Idatha ebomvu ehlanganiswe kwiinkalo ezininzi zeeprojekthi zezenzululwazi kunye neeklinikhi ezibizwa ngokuba yi-National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), ziya kukuvumela ukuba ubone ukuba iinkcukacha zomntwana wakho zithelekiswa njani nemilinganiselo kazwelonke e-United States.
Okona luncedo ngakumbi, nangona kunjalo, i-blood pressure ye-bloodcard charts esebenziweyo usebenzisa idatha ye-NHANES ebanzi. Iikhompyutheni zegazi ze-percentile ezihlanganisiweyo zifumaneke ukukhuphela kwiikhonkco ezingezantsi:
- Isatifiketi seGciwane loPhulo lweGciwane eliPhakathi - Abafana
- Isatifiketi seGciwane loPhulo lweGciwane eliPhezulu lweNtlungu - Amantombazana
Ukusebenzisa iitshathi eziqhelekileyo, okokuqala, qiniseka ukuba ukhetha iseshati yesilisa okanye yesetyhini. Cima ikholam ephilileyo ekhohlo ukuze ufumane umgca ohambelana nobudala bomntwana wakho. Qaphela ukuba iminyaka yobudala nganye ineemigca nganye kwi-90 ne-95th percentile yegazi. Iikholam nganye zimelela ukuphakama kwe-percentile. Ukuqhagamshela ikholomu yokuphakama kunye ne-90 okanye ye-95 ye-percentile ye-age-specific blood line irowu ibonisa inani lexabiso lolo xinzelelo lwegazi percentile.
Le nkqubo izandile nzima kunokuba kunjalo. Makhe sizame umzekelo. Yithi unomfana oneminyaka engama-4 ubudala ongama-103cm ubude (40.5 intshi, okanye malunga ne-3.5ft). Uqala ukubheka ukuphakama kweCDC ngedatha yobudala ukuze ufumane ukuphakama komntwana wakho. Inkwenkwe eneminyaka engama-4 ubudala eyi-103cm ubude yayiza kuba malunga ne-75 ukuphakama kwe-percentile (fumana indawo apho ubudala kunye nobude budibene khona kwaye ukhethe ijika elikufuphi).
Ngoku, usebenzisa i- shayibha yegazi yetshathi ye-percentile, ungayifumana ixabiso lokuhlenga i-90th ne-95th percentile yegazi kwiinkwenkwezi ezineminyaka engama-4 ubudala. Ukusebenzisa ityati yexinzelelo yegazi kuvelisa ezi zithethe kumzekelo wethu umntwana:
- I-90th percentile yegazi = = 109/65
- Ingcinezelo yegazi ye-95 ye-percentile = 113/69
Zama ukusebenza kweengcinezelo zegazi ze-90 kunye ne-95 kule mizekelo (izimpendulo ekupheleni kweli nqaku):
- Inkwenkwe eneminyaka eyi-10 ubudala kwi-90 cm high percentile
- Intombazana eneminyaka emi-5 ubudala eyi-116cm ende
Emva kokusebenza ngala macatshutshi, ubona ukuba ukulinganisa yonke idatha efunekayo kunokuba nzima.
Nangona inkqubo ingenzima kakhulu, ingadideka kwaye idle ixesha. Ngenxa yezi zizathu, kukulungele ukushiya umsebenzi wokuqikelela ukuchazwa ngokusemthethweni kwengcinezelo yegazi lomntwana kwi-professional care professional.
Iimpendulo Zemizekelo Yemibuzo:
Inkwenkwe eneminyaka eyi-10 ekuphakameni kwe-90 percentile:
- 90 I-Percentile Ixinzelelo lwegazi = 118/77
- Ingcinezelo yegazi ye-95 ye-percentile = 122/81
Intombazana eneminyaka emi-5 ubudala eyi-116cm ubude:
- Ubukhulu bePercentile = 95
- I-90 Percentile Ixinzelelo yegazi = 109/69
- Ingcinezelo yegazi ye-95 ye-percentile = 113/73
Imithombo
> Uvavanyo lwesithathu lwezeMpilo yeZempilo kunye neZondlo, 1988-1994.
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/elec_prods/subject/nhanes3.htm
> Lurbe, E, Sorof, JM, Daniels, SR. Iinkalo zonyango kunye nophando lweengcinezelo zengcinezelo yegazi ebantwini. J Pediatr 2004; 144: 7.
> Dasgupta, K, O'Loughlin, J, Chen, S, et al. Ukuxhatshazwa kweengxabano zesondo ngoxinzelelo lwe-high pressure systolic yegazi: uhlalutyo lwabadala bexesha elide. Uhambo luka-2006; 114: 2663.
> Rosner, B, Prineas, RJ, Loggie, JM, Daniels, SR. Uxinzelelo lwegazi lwegama lomntwana kubantwana kunye nentsha, ngokuphakama, ngokwesini, kunye nobudala, eUnited States. J Pediatr 1993; 123: 871.
> I-DHHS, i-PHS, i-NIH, iNtliziyo yeSizwe, iLung, ne-Blood Institute. Ukuhlaziywa kwiNgxelo yeQela leMisebenzi (1987) kwi-High Blood Pressure kwi-Children kunye ne-Adolescents: Ingxelo yeqela loLuntu kwiNkqubo ePhakamileyo yeNkqubo yoPhulo lweGazi. Ukushicilelwa kwe-NIH 96-3790; 1996; 7-9.