Imigomo efana ne 'High High Operation Autism' inokudibanisa
Akukho nto ichazwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi "i-autism esebenzayo" (i-HFA), kwaye akukho nto ichazwe kuyo "yokusebenza okuphezulu." Ngoko ke kuthetha ntoni ngekota? Ngendlela eqhelekileyo, "i- autism esebenzayo " ingathetha nantoni na elandelayo:
- "umntu onempawu ezinengqondo ezinokuthi, nangona ubumnene bazo, zibalulekile ngokwaneleyo ukuba ufanele ukuxilongwa kwe-autism" okanye ...
- "umntu one-autism ene-IQ ephezulu kune-70" okanye ...
- "umntu ono-autism ohamba ngempumelelo kwisikolo okanye kwindawo yomsebenzi" okanye ...
- "umntu okwazi ukugubungela iimpawu ze-autism ngempumelelo ukuze babe neendlela ezilindelekileyo kwaye banokudlulela kwi-neurotypical" okanye ...
- "umntu oye waxilongwa nge-Asperger Syndrome."
Njengoko unokubona, i-HFA yomntu omnye ... ngu-HFA womntu omnye. Yongeza kule nto into yokuba abantu abaninzi abane-autism banokukhanya, bafezekileyo, kodwa banempawu ezinzima (ezifana nokuxhalaba kunye nokungasebenzi kwemisebenzi) echaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza kwabo kwansuku zonke. Umgca ophezulu: HFA kunzima ukuchaza.
Kutheni iphakamileyo yokusebenza i-autism ayifana ne-Asperger Syndrome
Kuze kube ngo-2013, abantu abaninzi abanokuthiwa babe ne-autism esebenzayo bafunyaniswa nokuba ne- Asperger syndrome okanye i- PDD-NOS (iNgxaki yokuPhuhliswa okuPhezulu ngaphandle kokucacileyo) .
- I-Asperger syndrome yayisicatshulwa ngokucacileyo esichaza umntu oqhelekileyo okanye ophakamileyo-ophakathi kweengcali kunye nolwazi olufanelekileyo lweelwimi oluneengxaki ezinzulu zoluntu kunye nolonxibelelwano.
- I-PDD-NOS yayiyi-catch-all diagnosis. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuqondwa ukuba kuthetha into efanayo "njenge-autistic esebenzayo," ngokuqinisekileyo yayiquka abantu kuwo onke amanqanaba asebenzayo awona mpawu ayengahambelani ngokupheleleyo ne-autism yeklasi.
Ukususela ngo-2013, ngokupapashwa kwe-DSM-5, akukho PDD-NOS okanye i-Asperger syndrome iindidi zokuxilonga ezisemthethweni eMelika.
Mhlawumbi ibaluleke ngakumbi, abantu abane-Asperger Syndrome (igama elisasetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo becinga ukuba ukuxilongwa kwanyamalala) kubonakala ngathi ukwabelana ngezinto ezithile ezizimeleyo ezingabelwe ngabo bonke abantu abane-IQ ephezulu kunye ne-autism. Ngokomzekelo, ukuxhalaba ngokuqhelekileyo kuyimpawu ye-Asperger Syndrome engabelwanga ngabo bonke abangachazwa njenge-HFA.
Ngaba 'iNqanaba 1' i-Autism efana ne 'High Operation Autism?'
Nge-DSM-5, esikhundleni sokuxilongwa okuhlukeneyo, kukho iqela elikhulu elilodwa labantu abaxilongwa nge-Autism Spectrum Disorder. Kodwa abantu abane-autism bahluke kakhulu. Ngoko, ukucacisa le ntlukwano, i-DSM-5 iquka namanqanaba asebenzayo. Abantu abaqaqambileyo kunye nabavakalisi (kwaye ngoko ke, ubuncinane, banesidingo senkxaso engaphantsi) banikezelwa ukuxilongwa kweNqanaba 1 ye-Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Kodwa yintoni na umntu onomgangatho we-Autism Spectrum Disorder ebonakala ngathi? Impendulo yinto eyahlukileyo njengabantu abanokuxilongwa. Umzekelo:
- Bangasebenzisa ulwimi olufanelekileyo, bafunde, babhale, benze izibalo, babonise uthando, bafeze imisebenzi yonke imihla. Nangona kunjalo, abanakunxibelelana kwamehlo, bagcine ingxoxo, bahlanganyele ekudlaleni, okanye baqokelele kwiintetho zoluntu.
- Zineentetho ezibalulekileyo kunye nokulibaziseka kweelwimi kodwa ziyakwazi ukuthatha inxaxheba kwiprogram yemfundo ehlangeneyo ngenxa yobuchule babo bezemfundo obudala.
- Zineentetho ezinobubele kunye nokulibaziseka kwezentlalo kodwa zineengxaki ezinzulu zengqondo ezenza kube nzima ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kwiprogram yemfundo ehlangeneyo.
- Banobunzima obukhulu, ukukhubazeka kokufunda, kunye nemingeni-kodwa inentetho efanelekileyo yobudala kunye nezakhono ezingaqhelekanga kumculo, izibalo kunye nobunjineli.
Ngamafutshane, ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla kunye nemingeni imingcele engapheliyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba imbono ye "Level 1" autism ikwahle kakhulu.
Kubonakala ukuba abantu abaye bahlakulela ingcamango ye "Nqanaba leNkxaso" bebecinga ngendlela eqhelekileyo-okokuba, abantu abaneNqanaba 3 autism bafuna inkxaso ye-24/7 enesakhono, ngelixa abantu abane-Level 1 autism bengenzi.
Ngaba Uncedo Kangakanani 'Umsebenzi oPhezulu' ngamnye?
Nangona abantu abambalwa abane-"high-functioning" autism badinga uncedo kunye nezindlu zangasese okanye ucoceko olusisiseko, banokudinga kakhulu into efanelekileyo yokuxhasa kwezinye izicwangciso. Umzekelo, umntu oqaqambileyo onemiba enomdla, ukuxhalaba kunye nokunyamezela kungenokuba kunzima kunzima kwindawo yokusebenzela kunomntu ongenalwazi ongenalwazi oluncinane kunye nemiba engaphantsi kwemizwa.
Okona, "umntu ophantsi" unokusebenzisa ixesha elininzi kwisimo esisekelwe apho kunokwenzeka ukuba ukusebenzisana okuyingozi kukuphantse. Okwangoku, umntu "osebenza ngokuphezulu" autism angadinga ukuhamba kwiimeko ezinzima kunye neengozi. Ngubani ofuna inkxaso engaphezulu phantsi kweemeko?
Akukho zimpendulo ezilula
I-Autism iyimifanekiso-kungekhona ngenxa yokuba abantu abane-autism bayaphazamiseka, kodwa ngenxa yeengcaciso eziguquguqukayo ze-autism zithetha ukuba asikwazi ukufikelela kwisigqibo sokugqibela.
Akunjalo kuphela iinguqu zokutshintsha, kodwa kunjalo nokulindeleke kwezenhlalakahle ezenza ukuba i-autism ephezulu isebenze nzima. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, umzekelo, ukuqhagamshelana ubuso nobuso kubalulekileyo kwimpumelelo yomntu; Namhlanje, abaninzi abantu abaneengxaki zentlalontle abangaphezu kokukwazi ukusebenzisana nabanye kwi-intanethi, ukwenza abahlobo ngamajelo asekuhlaleni, kwaye badibanise nomsebenzi kude. Amanye amashishini aqesha abantu abaphezulu abasebenzayo ngenxa yezinto zabo ezizodwa, ngelixa abanye bengacingi ukuba baqeshwe ngumntu onobuchule bezentlalo.
Ukuba oku kukushiya uvakalelwa kukuba inkcazo ye-autism ephezulu isebenza ngokucacileyo njengodaka, awuyedwa! Okwangoku, ngoku kunjalo, uyaqonda ukuba kutheni ixesha lilukhuni ukubethelela phantsi-kwaye uyazi ukuba uyinkampani enhle.