Amagama angakhohlisa xa ifika kwi-Autism
Abantu abane-autism bavame ukuchazwa ngokuba "basebenza ngokuphezulu" okanye "ukusebenza okuphantsi." Kodwa akukho ziphumo zokufumanisa kwi-manual manual. Oku kuthetha ukuba umehluko phakathi kwe-autism ephakamileyo nephantsi esebenzayo, ngokubhekiselele kwiimeko ezininzi, isekelwe kwiingcamango zobuqu okanye utitshala. Enyanisweni, abaninzi abantu bakhetha ixesha lokuba lula ukwenza inkqubo yokuchaza iimpawu zabo zomntwana kubahlobo kunye nabamelwane.
Yintoni engalunganga ngokusebenzisa iMigomo ephakamileyo kunye neSebenzi esebenzayo ye-Autism?
Imigangatho ephakamileyo nephantsi isebenza nje. Ngaba umntu uphezulu osebenzayo xa uthetha kwaye eqaqambileyo kodwa unemiqobo enzima yokuba engakwazi ukuhlala esikolweni okanye abambe umsebenzi? Ngaba umntu ophantsi usebenza xa bengenakusebenzisa ulwimi oluthethiweyo kodwa ungumculi obonakalayo ophumelelayo? Amagama anokubangela ukudibanisa nokudideka ngenxa yokuba:
- Akukho xesha lichaza ngokucacileyo Ubulumko, iitalente ezikhethekileyo , inqanaba lokuxhalaba, okanye inqanaba leengxaki.
- Akukho xesha likunika ulwazi oluluncedo malunga nokuba umntu unokusebenza ngempumelelo kwindawo kawonkewonke. Kukho abantu abane-"low functioning" autism abangakwazi ukuhlala kunye nokuzonwabisa kunye nefilimu, umzekelo - kwaye kukho abantu abane-"high-functioning" autism abafumana izihlwele, ukuvumba, izandi, kunye neminye imingeni engabonakaliyo yokulawula .
- Ixesha alikuxeleli ukuba umntu unokusebenza kakuhle. Kukho abantu abane-"low working" autism abanovuyo kwaye baqeshwe ngempumelelo, kwaye baninzi abantu abanomsebenzi ophezulu "autism" abangakwazi ukufumana nokugcina umsebenzi abayithandayo.
- Mhlawumbi kuninzi kakhulu, ukuziphatha kakubi , ngelixa kunqabile, kubonakala kubantu base-autistic kuwo onke amanqanaba obunzima. Kwaye abantu abane-autism ephezulu kakhulu, abanezakhono zolwimi ezinamandla, "banyibilika" phantsi kweemeko ezithile.
Ukuchaza i-Autism ngokusekelwe kwi "eziqhelekileyo" ezithintekayo kunye namandla
Naphezu kweengxaki ezikhoyo kwimigangatho ephezulu neyokusebenza e-autism, isebenza ngokuqhelekileyo, ngokuqhelekileyo ngabantu abangenayo i-autistic .
Kwaye zisetyenziselwa ukuchaza isantya apho umntu othile kwi-spectrum (okanye ebonakala ngathi) ufana nabantu abangekho kwi-spectrum. Ngamanye amagama, abantu abane-autistic abangabonakaliyo basondele ukuba "abaqhelekileyo" babonwa njengento ephezulu yokusebenza. Ngaloo ndlela, umzekelo:
- Abantu abasebenzayo abaphezulu basebenzisa ulwimi oluthetha ukuthetha. Abantu abaphantsi kakhulu basebenzise iteknoloji okanye iibhodi zeefoto kwaye banokuthi bangabikho okanye bathetha ulwimi.
- Abantu abaphezulu abasebenzayo banakho ukukwazi ukulawula ukulindelwa kwendawo yokufunda. Oku kudla ngokuba ngumphumo wokuphatha kakuhle ulwimi oluthethiweyo kunye nolwazi olubanzi lwezilindele zabanye.
- Abantu abaphezulu abasebenza ngokuqhelekileyo baqaphela kakhulu iintlanganiso zoluntu. Ngokomzekelo, banako ukusebenzisa izixhobo neempahla ngokuqhelekileyo, bulisa abanye ngokufanelekileyo, njl.
- Abantu abaphantsi kakhulu bajonga kwaye bavakala ngokuhluke kakhulu kwiontanga zabo. Ngamanye amazwi, ukukhubazeka kwabo kubonakala ngokucacileyo kwaye kubonakala ngokucacileyo kumntu ongapheliyo. Abantu abaphezulu abasebenzayo banokubonakala bebonakalayo (de kubekho isiganeko okanye ingxoxo yenza i-autism yabo ibonakale ngakumbi).
- Abantu abaphantsi kakhulu abakwazi ukufakwa kwiiklasi eziqhelekileyo okanye kwimisebenzi kwaye banokuthi babe "kwizicwangciso ezizimeleyo" zezifundo. Abantu abaphezulu abasebenzayo banakho ukubandakanywa - kunye okanye bengenayo inkxaso - kwiiklasi eziqhelekileyo nakwiiprogram zezikolo.
Zonke ezi zihlukileyo, nangona kunjalo, zizinto ezibonakalayo, kwaye azikho ngokupheleleyo. Kungenxa yokuba abantu be-autistic baziphatha ngendlela eyahlukileyo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ngamnye umntu unemiba yamandla kunye nemingeni.
Nangona kulungele ukuchaza abantu be-autistic esekelwe ukufana kwabo kubantu abaqhelekileyo, iinkcazo ezinjalo zingakhohlisa. Kungenxa yokuba abantu abaphantsi abasebenzayo bangaphumelela apho abantu abaphezulu abakwenzayo bengekho, kwaye ngokufanayo. Umzekelo, umntu ophezulu "osebenzayo" obonakala "oqhelekileyo" (okanye ogqithiseleyo) kwiklasi yeklasile unokufumana ukuba akunakwenzeka ukusebenza kwiqela.
Okwangoku, umntu ophantsi "osebenzayo" ongenakusebenzisa ulwimi oluthethiweyo ukuthetha naye angaba ngaphezu kokukwazi ukukhokela ingxoxo kwi-intanethi.
"Amanqanaba" we-Autism kwi-DSM5
Ukukwazi ukusebenzisa ulwimi oluthethiweyo akusikho uphawu lobunkokheli. Ikhono lokusebenza kakuhle eklasini ayikho isiqinisekiso sobunzulu bezentlalo. Ukuze ujikeleze eli qiniso kwaye unikeze uhlobo oluthile lokwahlula kwi-diagnostic, i-DSM 5 (incwadana entsha yesifo sokuxilonga) ngoku iquka amanqanaba amathathu e-autism ngokusekelwe kumanqanaba afanelekileyo enkxaso. Abantu abane-level autism bafuna inkxaso encinci, ngelixa abantu abane-level autism bafuna kakhulu.
Nangona le ndlela yokuxilonga ibonakala ingqiqo, ayizange ibonakale iluncedo. Oku kuyingxenye kuba imfuno yenkxaso iyahluka ngezizathu ezininzi. Ngokomzekelo, umntu ofanayo unokufuna inkxaso encinci ekhaya, inkxaso ebonakalayo esikolweni, kunye nenkxaso enkulu kwinveli, imeko engabonakaliyo yentlalo.