I-savant ngumntu onokuxilongwa nge- savant syndrome -imeko echazwe yithuba elidlulileyo "idiot savant." I-Savant syndrome, ngokutsho kukaDarold A. Treffert, MD kwiYunivesithi yaseWisconsin School School, eMadison, "... yinto engaqhelekanga, kodwa engaqhelekanga, imeko apho abantu abaneengqondo ezikhuselekileyo, kuquka ukukhubazeka kweengqondo, i-géeni 'echazwe ngokungafaniyo, ngokungafaniyo nokukhubazeka. "
Ngamanye amazwi, umntu onomdla ngumntu onemiqobo ebalulekileyo ekholelwa kuyo amandla akhe ahlukeneyo kunye nokugqithiseleyo kwindawo enye. Bangaba ne-IQ ephantsi kakhulu okanye enye ingxaki yengqondo - kwaye ke ibonisa amandla amakhulu angaphezulu kwendawo kwindawo ethile. Abasindisi banakho okanye abanokuba yi- autistic .
Ngokuqhelekileyo, abafundi banamakhono angavamile kwimimandla, kumculo nakumemori. Abafundi abaziwayo abafana noKim Peek, umzekelo apho uDustin Hoffman's Rain Man uqobo wasekelwe khona, unokukhawuleza ukubala iimviwo zenzeke naziphi na iiminyaka eminyaka kwixesha elidlulileyo okanye elizayo. I-Peek, nangona kunjalo, ayizange ifumane i-autism.
Yintoni i-Autistic Savant?
I-autistic savant ngumntu one-autism enommandla omnye ongaqhelekanga wolwazi okanye amandla. Ngokutsho kukaTreffert, "Abaninzi kwabafundi abayishumi abane-disistic disorder banezobuchule obuphawulekayo kwiimilinganiselo ezihlukeneyo, nangona i-savant syndrome ivela kwezinye izikhubazo zophuhliso okanye kwezinye iindidi zesistim sokubangela ukulimala okanye izifo ngokunjalo.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni isakhono esithile esikwaziyo, isoloko idibaniswa nokukhumbula okukhulu. "
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba "abagciniweyo" kunye "nabantu abanamakhono abanesakhono" abayinto efanayo. Kukho abantu abane-autistic abanetalente eziqhelekileyo-kodwa i-savant syndrome ayinqabile kwaye idlulele. Ngamanye amagama, umntu onogunyazi okwazi ukubala kakuhle, ukudlala isixhobo, okanye ngokuzibonakalisa enamandla kakhulu, akayiyo inkcazo.
Umntu onetalente nangengqiqo nge-autism, njengemfuyo yeNdlunkulu yeTempile , ngokuqinisekileyo uyaqhafaza kwaye uyakwazi - kodwa akayena owaziyo.
Ngaba i-Savant Syndrome iyinto enhle?
Kuqhelekile ukuba abazali bomntwana abane-autism baxelelwe ukuba banethamsanqa ukuba umntwana wabo u-autistic kuba i-autism ibonisa ukuhlakanipha kunye nobuchule obukhulu. Okwenyani, noko ke kukuba abantu abambalwa abane-autism banolwazi, nangona baninzi abanengqiqo.
Kuzama ukujonga i-savant syndrome njengento entle. Emva koko, abantu abanomdla banabantu abanomdla kakhulu abanamakhono angaphezu kwalaba bantu abaqhelekileyo. Okwenyani, nangona kunjalo, akuthi kube lula ukwenza ubomi kwaye, kwezinye iimeko, kunokukwenza ubomi bunzima.
Kwezinye iimeko, abafundi be-autistic banezakhono ezingavamile ezingakwandiswa okanye zihanjiswe kwizikhokelo ezifanelekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, abanye abaculi abanezakhono ezizodwa kunye nabaculi bayakwazi ukuthengisa umsebenzi wabo (phantse rhoqo ngabazali okanye ngabaphathi). Kwiimeko ezininzi, kunjalo, izakhono zokufunda " zizakhono zentlupheko ," ezithetha izakhono ezithi zisetyenziselwe ubomi bemihla ngemihla, nangona kunjalo. Umzekelo, ukukwazi ukufunda iphepha lefowuni kwimemori, ngelixa libalaseleyo, alinalo injongo enentsingiselo ngaphandle kwayo.
Imithombo:
> C Hou et al. "Abafundi be-Autistic." Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol. 2000 Jan; 13 (1): 29-38.
> DA Treffert. "I-savant syndrome: imeko engavamile. I-synopsis: eyadlulayo, yangoku, izayo." I-Philos Trans Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2009 Meyi 27; 364 (1522): 1351-7.
> DA Treffert. : I-savant syndrome kunye ne-autistic disorder. "I-CNS Spectr. Ngo-1999 Dec; 4 (12): 57-60.