Neurotypical Versus Normal
Igama elithi "neurotypical" litsha, kodwa luya ngokuya luba luninzi kwizikolo, kwiinkomfa ze-autism kunye neemeko, nakwiiofisi zeengcali. Akunalo nentsingiselo yonyango okanye yengqondo. Ayichazi ubuntu obuthile, impawu okanye isethi yamakhono. Inkcazo inokuthi ibonakale kumbono ombi kunye nombono ontle:
- Abantu abangenayo i-neurotypical ngabantu abo abangenaso ukuxilongwa kwe-autism okanye nayiphi na enye ingqondo okanye uphuhliso oluhlukile.
- Umntu "ongenamdla" ngumntu ocinga, oqondayo, kwaye aziphathe ngendlela ebonwa "eqhelekileyo" ngabantu bonke.
Yintoni "Eqhelekileyo?"
Kakade ke, kunokwenzeka ukuba akukho naluphi uhlobo lweengxaki zokuphuhliswa okanye iingqondo, kwaye ngoko kuyacaca njenge-neurotypical. Kodwa kukho ukungafani okuphawulekayo phakathi "kokuqhelekileyo," kwaye "akafumaneki." Ukongezelela, akukho nzulu ecacileyo, ecacileyo yonke into eqondwa "yesiqhelo."
Enyanisweni, imilinganiselo "yesiqhelo" kunye nokuziphatha iyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwinkcubeko, ngesini, imeko, inqanaba lezentlalo kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi. Kwezinye iimeko, umzekelo, ukulinda kwamehlo okulindelekileyo kulindelwe; kwabanye, kuthathwa njengento engcolileyo. Kwezinye iimeko, ukuqhagamshelana nomntu ongaqhelekanga kuthathwa njengento eqhelekileyo ngelixa abanye kubonwa ngokungenangqondo nakwezinye izinto.
Ezinye iimeko ezingafaniyo, ngelixa kungengobangela wokugula okanye ingqondo yengqondo, inokungabonakali. Ngokomzekelo, abantu be-LGBT banokuzifumana ngaphandle kwamanye amaqela asekuhlaleni bengenayo nayiphi na imingeni yeengxaki zokuhlangabezana nazo. Kwakunjalo namalungu eenkolo ezithile.
Iingcali ze-neurotypical kwi-Context of Neurodiversity
Intshukumo ye-neurodiversity isakhiwe malunga nombono wokuthi ukungafani kokuphuhliswa okufana ne-autism kunye ne-ADHD akuyona ingxaki yokunyangwa kodwa ukungafani kuya kuhlonishwa . Amalungu entlangano ye-neurodiversity often echasene nengcamango yokunyanga kwe-autism.
Ngo-2014, igama elithi "neurotypical" laliqhelekile ngokwaneleyo ukuba libe yicandelo le-PBS documentary equkethe abantu abane-autistic echaza imiqondo yabo ngokwabo ngobudlelwane "noluntu" oluqhelekileyo: Ngezilwanyana zeVolet oneminyaka engu-4 ubudala, intombazana uNicholas kunye nomfazi oneminyaka ephakathi kunye nomama uPaula, kunye neengxoxo ezidityanisiweyo nezinye i-autistics, le filimu ixela imingeni abajongene nayo phakathi kwabantu "abaqhelekileyo" - baninzi ababizwa ngokuba "ngama-neurotypicals".
Iingcamango ze-neurodiversity ziphikisana. Abazali abaninzi bezingane ze-autistic banomuvo wokuthi i-autism, ngokwenene, i-disorder emele ikhuselwe kwaye iphiliswe. Bambalwa abavoti be-autistic abazimeleyo babelana ngalo mbono. Kwinqanaba elikhulu, ukwahlukana kwimbono kuhambelana ngokuthe ngqo kwiimeko ezihlukeneyo kumava. Xa i-autism iyanciphisa kakhulu okanye ibangela ukukhathazeka okungokwenyama okanye kwengqondo, ngokuqhelekileyo ibonakala njengengxaki.
Ngomqondiso ofanayo, xa i-autism ingumthombo wokuzikhukhumeza nokuzikhukhumeza, ngokuqhelekileyo kubonakala njengempahla.
I-neurotypicals Kwi-Persistic Perspective
Ukususela kwimbono yomphakathi we-autism, i-neurotypicals ngokuqhelekileyo ithathwa njengempawu ezintle ezifanayo apho abantu abane-autism banako. Ngokukodwa, i-neurotypicals icingelwa ukuba:
- zinezakhono eziqinileyo zonxibelelwano nezentlalo , okwenza kube lula ngabo ukuba bajikeleze iimeko ezintsha okanye ezentlalo;
- kufumaneka lula ukwenza abahlobo kunye nokwenza ubudlelwane obusondeleyo kunye nokuqonda "i-ajenda efihlekileyo" yokuziphatha okulindelekileyo ekusebenzisaneni ngokukhawuleza emsebenzini nakwiimeko zoluntu;
- ayinayo imiba engqondweni , ngenxa yoko bakufumanisa kulula ukuthatha inxaxheba kwizicwangciso eziphakamileyo, ezininzi, ezitshisa okanye ezibonakalayo.
Ngezinye izicwangciso, ama-neurotypicals ngamanye amaxesha athatyathwa ngabantu ngabantu kwi-autism ngxubusho ngenxa yokuzimisela ukulandela ngokungathandabuzekiyo ukulandela uluntu kunye noluntu. Ngokomzekelo, ii-neurotypicals zicingelwa ukuba zininzi ngaphezu kwabantu abane-autism:
- ukuthatha inxaxheba kwingxoxo encinci
- xela umhlophe (okanye awukho-mhlophe) buxoki
- hamba uhamba kunye nokuba uthetha ukuziphatha kakubi
- ukuxoxisana ngesondo ngaphandle kokuqwalasela iziphumo zengqondo zesikhathi eside
- xhaphaza abanye ukuze bafumane isimo sezentlalo
- ukukhuphisana okanye umona
Kukho bambalwa kakhulu abantu abafanelekile ukulingana ne-neurotypical stereotype njengoko kuchaziwe ngasentla. Abantu abaninzi abangekho-autistic abangenakufanelekela nayiphi na inkqubela yokuphuhliswa kweentuthuko banamahloni, bengenangxaki emphakathini, kwaye kunzima ukuseka nokugcina ubudlelwane kunye nobudlelwano bobuhlobo. Ukongezelela, kunjalo, baninzi abantu "abaqhelekileyo" abaphephe ukukhupha, ukuxhatshazwa, intetho encinci kunye nezinye iingxaki zokuziphatha kwezentlalo.
> Imithombo
> ULarsen, uAdam (uMlawuli). Neurotypical. PBS, Point of View. Julayi, 2013.
> Merriam Webster Dictionary. Neurotypical. Merriam Webster. KwiWebhu. 2017.