Iimpawu zeBantu kwiSiphetho esiphakamileyo seMidlalo ye-Autism
Ayikho i-diagnostic esemthethweni ebizwa ngokuthi "autism elula." Kodwa kukho abantu abaninzi beeminyaka bonke abaxelelwe ngumntu (ugqirha, ugqirha, okanye umhlobo onentsingiselo) abanokuba ne-autism elula. Yintoni abantu abayisebenzisayo xa bethetha ixesha?
Imbali Yokudibanisa ye-Autism esebenzayo okanye ephezulu
Emuva ngo-1980, "i-autism autism" yachazwa, kuzo zonke iziganeko, njengengxaki eyingozi kunye nokukhubaza.
Akukho mntu unokuxilongwa nge-autism kulindeleke ukuba aphumelele esikolweni, enze abahlobo okanye abambe umsebenzi. Ngo-1994 i-dispersion entsha, i-Asperger's Syndrome, yongezwa kwisikhokelo sokuxilonga. Abantu abane-Asperger's Syndrome, ngelixa becinga ukuba yi-autistic, banokuba ngabantu abaqaqambileyo, abanomlomo nabanamandla.
Ngo-2013, imigaqo yokuxilonga yatshintshwa kwakhona. I-Asperger's Syndrome yanyamalala, kwaye, endaweni yayo, le ncwadana ngoku iquka ukuxilongwa komntu omnye kubo bonke abantu abane-autism: i- autism disorder disorder . Abantu abane-disism disorder disorder bangakwazi okanye abanakho ukukhawuleza ukuthetha ukuthetha, iimingeni zokucwangcisa izinzwa, ukuziphatha okungaqhelekanga, okanye ezinye iimpawu. Nangona bonke abantu abane-autism disorder of disorder baneengxaki zokunxibelelana kwezentlalo, ezi ngxaki zivela kwiimeko ezigqithiseleyo (abantu abangenabagama abanomdla obuthathaka) ngokunyanisekileyo (iingxaki ngokufunda, ukuthetha amagama, ulwimi lomzimba, njl.).
Nangona i-autism i-disorder disorder disorder iquka "amanqanaba enkxaso," imbono yokuchaza abanye ngokuthi "ne-level 1 autism" ayizange ibambe-ikakhulu ngenxa yokuba akukho mntu uyazi kakuhle oku kuthetha oko. Abantu abaninzi baye baqhubeka nokusebenzisa igama elithi "Asperger syndrome," kodwa eli gama lithethi lithetha into efana nokusebenza okuphezulu okanye ukunyanzelisa i-autism.
Ziziphi iimpawu kunye nezibonakaliso ze-Autism ebonakalayo?
Abantu abane-disism disorder disorder kufuneka babe neempawu ezithile ukuze bakwazi ukufumana ukuxilongwa. Nangona abantu abane-autism egciniweyo, ngoko ke, banemiqobo ebalulekileyo yokuphuhliswa kunye neengcinga ezinzima ngokwaneleyo ukufumana indlela yemisebenzi eqhelekileyo kunye nolwalamano.
Nangona le miqondiso imele ibe khona phambi kweminyaka emithathu, kudla njalo ukuba impawu ezinzima zingabonakali kude kube umntwana ekhulile (ingakumbi yamantombazana). Ukuba iimpawu zivela okokuqala emva kokuba umntwana eneminyaka emithathu ubudala, abayi kulungela ukuxilongwa kwe-autism. Noko ke, banokuthi bafumane i-Disord Social Disorder Disord.
Ukuba umntwana uqobo uqobo, iimpawu zakhe ziya kubandakanya:
- Iingxaki zokunxibelelana kwangaphambili nangaphandle eziya kubandakanya ubunzima ngcoko, ulwimi lomzimba, ukuqhagamshelana kwamehlo, kunye / okanye ubuso obuso.
- Ubunzima ekuphuhliseni nasekugcineni ubudlelwane, ngokuqhelekileyo ngenxa yobunzima bokudlala, ukwenza abahlobo okanye ukwabelana ngeminqweno.
- Kukhethwa ukuphinda izenzo ezifanayo, imisebenzi, ukunyakaza, okanye amagama ngokuphindaphindiweyo, nangona kungekho sizathu esicacileyo sokwenza njalo (ukucwangcisa amathoyizi ngokuphindaphindiweyo umzekelo weklasi);
- Izilwanyana ezithintekayo ezihlala zixakeke (umzekelo ongumzekelo ngumntwana ozimelayo ozinikezele ngokupheleleyo kwimidlalo yevidiyo malunga nokuba uyazi zonke izinto eziyaziyo);
- I-Hyper- okanye i-hyporeactivity kwi-input input (mhlawumbi ayiboni okanye ayikhathalele ngokugqithiseleyo isandi, ukukhanya, ukuvumba, intlungu, ukuthintela, njl.
Yintoni Ethethayo Ngabantu Xa Bathi 'I-Autism elula'?
Ngoko, uthini, utitshala, okanye umzali uthetha xa bethetha umntwana wabo (okanye umntwana wakho) "u-autism"? Ekubeni akukho ncazelo yegosa yegama elithi "autism elula," elowo umntu osebenzisayo unengcamango eyahlukileyo yento ekuthethwa ngayo.
- Ngamanye amaxesha eli gama lisetyenziswe xa umntu ecacileyo u-autistic, kodwa naye unolwimi oluthethwa ngolwimi kunye nezinye izakhono. Umzekelo, "U-Joey uqaqambile kwaye wenza kakuhle eklasini, kodwa ngenxa yokuba u-autism onobumnene unenkinga enzima yokwenza abahlobo."
- Eli gama lingasetyenziselwa ngokucacileyo ukuba uchaze umntwana onomngeni ongekho nto, kodwa ngubani othe wathetha amagama ambalwa. Umzekelo: "Ndivuyayo ukubona umntwana wakho usebenzisa isenzo somzimba ukuba acele i juice; unako ukuphefumula nge-autism enobukhulu."
- Eli gama lingasetyenziselwa ukunceda ukucacisa izigqibo zonyango. Umzekelo: "Umntwana wakho unomoya othobekileyo, ngoko unokukwenza ngcono ngonyango wokudlala kunokuba unyango olunzulu lokuziphatha."
Ukwenza kube nzima kunzima, umntu ophethe "i-autism egciniweyo" unokufumana izakhono zokunxibelelana eziphambili kunye nezakhono zemfundo, kodwa ukulibaziseka kakhulu izakhono zentlalo , imiba enzulu yokukhathazeka , kunye / okanye ubunzima obunzima bezakhono zombutho. Ngenxa yoko, umntu onobungqina "obumnene" angayifumana isikolo sikarhulumente okanye izilungiso zomsebenzi kunzima kunomntu onomngeni onzima lweelwimi kodwa iingxaki ezincinci okanye ezentlalo.
Ngokomzekelo, cinga ngomntu oqaqambileyo wezifundo, ophakamileyo weelwimi ophazamisa iimpendulo eklasini aze ahlukane ngomsindo wokucoca i-vacuum okanye ukukhanya kwe-bulb fluorescent. Thelekisa loo mntu kumntu onenkathazo ebalulekileyo ngabafundi kodwa unemibuzo embalwa kunye nesandi okanye ukukhanya, kwaye akanakho ingxaki ekulandeleni imithetho. Nguwuphi umntu onayo "iimpawu ezinzima"? Impendulo, eneneni, kukuba kuxhomekeke kwisimo kunye nemeko.
Iimpawu ezichongiweyo zikunceda njani ukuchaza ukuvota kwe-Autism?
I-DSM-5 impawu zokuxilonga zinika uncedo malunga nalo mbuzo kuba zibandakanya ezintathu " amanqanaba asebenzayo " ukuchaza ubunzima be-autism. Abantu "abanomoya othobekayo" ngokubanzi babonwa njengenqanaba 1, oku kuthetha ukuba badinga inkxaso encinci yokuphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo.
Kodwa, ngokuqinisekileyo, oko kudukisa kuba abaninzi abantu abane-"autumn" autism bangadinga inkxaso eninzi kuxhomekeke kwimeko. Ngokomzekelo, umntu onobumnene "autism" angaba nezakhono ezinkulu zomlomo kodwa akanako ukufunda ulwimi lomzimba lomntu okanye iimvakalelo . Ngenxa yoko, abaninzi abantu abane-"autumn" autism bangena enkingeni kunye nesini esahlukileyo, kunye nomsebenzi okanye afunda nabo, nokuba ngamapolisa.
Ngaba Zikhona Iipilisi Ze-Autism Ebonakalayo?
Njengoko nayiphi na uhlobo lwe-autism, unyango olufanelekileyo luquka:
- unyango wokuziphatha (isebenzisa umvuzo ukufundisa iimfuno ezilindelekileyo okanye ezikhethiweyo)
- ukudlala okanye unyango lophuhliso (isebenzisa imisebenzi esekelwe kwimidlalo yokwakha izakhono zengqondo kunye nezokuxhumana)
- iziyobisi zonyango (kukho iziyobisi eziphatha iimpawu ezifana nokuxhalaba kunye nokukhathazeka kwemizwelo enokuthi idibaniswe ne-autism ephantsi)
- unyango lwentetho (kunye ne-autism enamandla, unyango lwentetho ludla ngokumalunga nezakhono zengxoxo, ulwimi lomzimba, njl.
- unyango lomsebenzi (ngokuqhelekileyo luncedo kwimicimbi enomdla)
- unyango lomzimba (abaninzi abantwana abane-autism banethambo eliphantsi okanye baxhamla ngokwenyama)
Abanye abantwana abane-autism nabo banokufumana inzuzo kwiinkcaso ezinxulumene neengxaki ezinjenge-seizures, imiba yesisu, ukuphazamiseka kokulala, kunye nemiba efana neengxaki zokunyanzelisa. Ezi ngxaki aziyiyo inxalenye ye-autism nganye, kodwa ziqheleke ngakumbi kubantwana be-autistic.
ILizwi
Umgca wecala kukuba igama elithi "autism elula" aluncedo ngakumbi, nangona liqhelekile. Ukunyaniseka kukuba iimpawu "ezintle" zingakhokelela kwiingxaki ezinzulu kwiinkalo zonxibelelwano loluntu, ubudlelwane, umsebenzi kunye nokuzimela. Bangakwazi ukudibanisa nemingeni ebalulekileyo yemvakalelo: Abantu abaninzi abane-"autumn" autism nabo banenkxalabo yokuxhalabisa, ukuxinezeleka, ukukhathazeka okunyanzelekileyo kunye nezinye izifo zengqondo.
Ukuqonda ngokwenene imingeni ye-autism, gwema ukuvelisa ngokusekelwe kwixesha elinjenge-"autism elula." Kunoko, cela imibuzo ecacileyo, ecacileyo malunga nemingeni yomlomo, yentlalo, inzululwazi kunye nokuziphatha . Emva koko, buza malunga namandla omntu, iitalente kunye neemfuno.
Imithombo:
> Faras H, Al Ateeqi N, Tidmarsh L. Iziphazamiso ze-Autism zezimbonakalo. Ann Saudi Med. 2010 Julayi-Aug; 30 (4): 295-300. i-doi: 10.4103 / 0256-4947.65261.
> H azen, EP et al. Izimpawu ezibonakalayo kwiingxaki ze-autism. Harv Rev Psychiatry. 2014 ngoMatshi-Apr; 22 (2): 112-24.
> Inaven, Judy. "Ukunyangwa kweempawu ezixhalabisayo ebusheni kunye nokuphazamiseka kweembalo ze-autism: Iingqalelo kubazali". Uphando lweBongo . 2011. 1380: 255-63.