Kukho iintlobo ezimbini ezibalulekileyo zesifo seengqondo: ezo ziqala kwingqondo (eziprayimari) kunye nezo zisasaza emdlalweni kwenye indawo emzimbeni (metastasis). Iimpawu eziphambili zeengqondo, ezifana ne-glioma, zenzeke kangako rhoqo, kwaye xa zenzayo, zininzi zibi (umdlavuza). Ixhefu elibi likhulu okanye iqela lomhlaza weseli oqhubeka ukhula; ayenzi lutho ngaphandle kokutya umzimba ukuze ikhule.
I-Gliomas yakha iqela elikhulu lee-tumors eziphambili. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-glioma: i-astrocytomas, ekhula kuyo yonke indawo kwingqondo okanye emthonjeni; ubuchopho buba ne-gliomas, ephakama kwindawo ephantsi yengqondo; i-ependymomas, ekhulayo ngaphakathi kwengqondo, kwicala le-ventricles, kunye ne-oligodendrogliomas, edla ngokukhula kwi-cerebrum (inqabile, emele i-3% yazo zonke izicubu zeengqondo eziphambili). I-astrocytoma ehamba phambili ibizwa ngokuba yi-glioblastoma; ezi zimele i-23% yazo zonke izicubu zeengqondo eziphambili.
Izibalo
Ngokombutho we-American Brain Tumor Association, izicubu zeengqondo eziphambili zenzeke kwisilinganiso se-12.8 ngabantu abayi-100,000. Nangona abantu banoma yiyiphi na iminyaka banakho ukuhlamba i-brain tumor, ingxaki ibonakala yinto exhaphakileyo kubantwana abaneminyaka engama-3 ukuya kwe-12 kunye nabadala abaneminyaka engama-40 ukuya kuma-70. E-United States, malunga nabantwana abangama-2 200 abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-20 bafunyaniswa rhoqo ngonyaka ngeengxaki zeengqondo .
Kwixesha elidlulileyo, oogqirha abazange bacinge ngeengxaki zeengqondo kubantu abadala. Ngenxa yokwanda kokwazisa kunye nobuchule bokuskena ubuchopho, abantu abaneminyaka engama-85 ubudala nangaphezulu ngoku bafumana unyango kwaye baphathwa.
Unzima Ukunyanga
Ukunyuka kweengxaki ezikhulayo kwingqondo kunzima ukunyanga. Olunye uhlobo lwonyango luyimisebe yangaphandle yombane, apho i-radiation idlula ebuchosheni ukuya kwi-tumor.
Ngelishwa, oku kubonakalisa izicubu zeengqondo eziphilileyo kwimimandla engonakalisa i-radiation. Olunye unyango lukhutshwa ngokugqithiselwa kweso sifo, ukuba kunokwenzeka, landelwa yi-chemotherapy. Zonke ezi zonyango kunzima ukuhamba kwaye zibeka ingozi kumguli. Ngelishwa, ezininzi i-gliomas zikhula emva kwentsholongwane.
Kukho izizathu ezininzi zokubangela ukuba kunzima ukulahla ezi ntlobo zesifo seengqondo. Ezinye iziyobisi azikwazi ukungena kwingqondo ngenxa yendlela yokucoca ekhethekileyo emzimbeni (obizwa ngokuba ngumqobo we-brain-brain ). Ezinye izicubu zisasazeka ngaphakathi (ukungenelela) izicubu ezizungezile ngezinto ezincinci. Amathumba amaninzi anelinye uhlobo lwesisele kuwo, ngoko i-chemotherapy ejoliswe kolunye uhlobo lwesisele kwi-tumor ayiyi kubulala ezinye iiseli.
Ukuphikelela kwiZonyango zeNdabuko
Izindlela ezintsha zokuphatha izicubu zeengqondo ziphandwa, kuquka ukuguqula unyango olukhoyo kunye nokuphuhlisa iindlela ezintsha zokunika unyango.
Ukufumana izidakamizwa ze-chemotherapy ezidlulileyo kwinqanaba legazi-ingqondo, umzekelo, abaphandi banyusela i-dosages kunye nokujoba iziyobisi ngqo kwimida yegazi yengqondo. Indlela entsha ibeka ilungelo lokuchithwa kwe-chemotherapy kwisiza somzimba. Emva kokuhlinzwa, iiplastiki ezincinci ezingaphantsi kwezinto zeplastiki zingafakwa apho i-tumor.
Ezi zikhuni zikhulula izidakamizwa ze-chemotherapy khona.
Enye into enokuyenza yenziwa ngonyango. Emva kokuba i-tumor isuswe, ibhaluni yokugqitywa igqitywe kwisigxina esishiywe yi-tumor. Ibhaluni igcwele imisebe yamanzi, kwaye ngeveki ezayo, ilulaza izicubu ezungeze kuyo ukubulala nayiphi na iseli yomhlaza.
Antiangiogenesis
Abaphandi bajonge unyango lwe-tumor kwiindawo ezininzi ezinomdla. Enye yale ndlela i-antiangiogenesis. Oku kuthetha ukunqumla ukunikezelwa kwegazi kwi-tumor ukwenzela ukuba kungekuphela nje ukuba akuyi kukhula, kuya kuncipha nokufa. Olunye uphando lwazama ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezilwa ne-antioangiogenic, iThalidomide, kunye nezigulane ezinama-gliomas kakhulu angaphendulanga kwi-radiation kunye / okanye i-chemotherapy.
Ngenye inyanga emva kokuqala isiza, i-25% yezigulane zisaphila, nangona izilonda zazo zikhula. Abaphandi bacetyiswa ukuba mhlawumbi uThalidomide angazama ukufumana izigulane ezandululwazi, kwaye zidibaniswe kunye ne-radiation kunye ne-chemotherapy.
Ukusebenzisa iNkqubo yoMzimba
Enye indlela yokwelashwa kwe-glioma ehlolwayo isebenzisa umzimba womzimba ukulwa nesisu. Abaphengululi kuphando bathatha izigulane ezingama-19 ezineengqungquthela, zenza isitofu ngasinye kwisistim zabo, kwaye emva kokugonywa kwabangela ukuba ngamnye umntu enze imveliso yamhlophe yegazi (elwa nokusuleleka). Ezilishumi elinesixhenxe zezigulane zabonisa impendulo kwisigontsho. Kwizigulane ezisibhozo, abaphandi babona impendulo kwi-x-ray, kwaye izilwanyana ezihlanu ziphuculwe ngokwenene. Ezinye zezigulane zahlala iminyaka emibini emva kokunyanga.
Poliovirus
Ingonyango enokufumana i-news coverage yindlela yokusebenzisa i-poliovirus ukuhlasela i-gliomas. Abaphengululi bafumene ukuba i-poliovirus inomtsalane wezinto eziqhelekileyo kwimichiza efumaneka kwi-gliomas embi. Nangona kunjalo, ekubeni bebengathandi ukwenza i-polio, basebenzise ubunjineli bezofuzo ukuba bathathe inqwelwana yegciwane elibangela ubanda (rhinovirus) kwaye bayifake kwi-poliovirus. Oku "kucima" inxalenye ebangela isifo se-poliovirus. Abaphandi badala i-gliomas kwiigundane, baza bavavanya intsholongwane entsha kwi-tumors. Bakuvuyela ukubona ukuba iimvumi zapheliswa. Isinyathelo esilandelayo siya kukwenza uphando olwenziwe uphando ukuze luvavanye intsholongwane kubantu.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Brain Tumor Association. Iinkcukacha kunye nezibalo.
> Umbutho waseMerika kwi-Microbiology. "I-poliovirus eyenziwa nge-genetically engineered tumors tumors." Ukukhutshwa kweendaba, ngoMeyi 22, 2001.
> Enhle, HA, Figg, WD, Jaeckle, K, et al. (2000). Uvavanyo lweSigaba II se-antiangiogenic agent Thalidomide kwizigulane ezinama-gliomas aphezulu. J Clin Oncol, Vol. 18, no-4, iphe 708-715.
> Izimbali, A. (2000). Iimvumi zobomi kumntu omdala. Ulawulo lweCancer, Vol. 7, No. 6, iphe 523-538.
> INational Cancer Institute. Oko Okufuneka Ukwazi Ngezibilini ZeBongo.
> Sloan, AE, Dansey, R., Zmorano, L., Barger, G., Hamm, C., Diaz, F., Baynes, R., Wood, G. (2000). I-immunotherapy ezithintekayo kwizigulane ezine-glioma ezihlaselayo. Neurosurg Focus, Vol. 9, No. 6.
> I-Wake Forest University Medical Centre. "Ihlathi Elikhethiweyo kuqala > ihlabathi > ukwenza unyango lwe-tumor entsha." Ukukhutshwa kweendaba, ngoMeyi 25, 2001.