I-Asperger syndrome, enye yezinto ezi-5 ezixilongwa ngaphakathi kwimeko ebizwa ngokuba yimpucuko yokuphuhliswa kwintlepheko, yongezwa ngokusemthethweni kwi-American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disabilities ( DSM-IV ) ngo-1994. Yachaza abantu abaneendlela eziphezulu kakhulu zokusebenza nge-autism .
I-Asperger syndrome yasuswa ngokusemthethweni kwinguqu elandelayo yale ncwadi, i- DSM-V, ngo-2013.
Namhlanje, abantu abaneempawu zento eza kuthiwa yi-Asperger syndrome ngoku bafumanisa ukuba banesimo esisodwa se-autism disorder (nangona igama langaphambili le meko lisasetyenziswe ngokubanzi ngabantu abaninzi abangenalo impilo, kwaye kusetyenziswa apha).
I-Asperger syndrome ihluke kwezinye iziphazamiso kwi- autism inxalenye ngenxa yokuba yayivame ukuxilongwa kubantwana abadala kunye nabantu abadala, ngokuchasene nabantwana abaselula. Abantwana abaninzi abane-autism ephakamileyo kakhulu baphumelela kwiimpawu ezinqabileyo-ezide zifikelele kwiminyaka xa zikulindeleke ukuba ziphathe ubudlelwane obunzima beentlalo, iingxoxo, okanye iimingeni ezivakalayo (ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuya kwibanga lesithathu, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha emva koko).
I- DSM-IV ichaza ukungafani okwehlukileyo phakathi kwe-Asperger syndrome kunye nezinye iziphazamiso ze-autism, ezichaza ukuba:
- Iimpawu ezibalulekileyo ze-Asperger's Disorder ziyingozi kakhulu kwaye zizinzileyo ekusebenzisaneni nentlalontle ... kunye nokuphuhliswa kwezithintelo, ukuziphatha okuphindaphindiweyo kokuziphatha, iimfuno, kunye nemisebenzi ... Ukuphazamiseka kubangele ukonakaliswa kancinci kwintlalo, emsebenzini, okanye kwezinye izinto Imimandla ebalulekileyo yokusebenza. Ngokungafani ne- Autistic Disorder , akukho zilibaziseko ezibalulekileyo kwiikliniki okanye ukungahambi kakuhle ekuthengeni ulwimi (umzekelo, amagama angatshoyo angasetyenziswanga asebenzisana ngokubhekisele kwiminyaka emi-2 ubudala, kwaye amabinzana okuthetha ngokuzenzekelayo asetyenziswa iminyaka engama-3). ... nangona iinkalo ezingengqiqo zokunxibelelana kwezentlalo (umz., ukunikezela kunye nokuthatha incoko) kunokuchaphazeleka. "
Nangona ezi zivakala ngathi zintlukwano ezibalulekileyo ekuxilongweni, inyaniso yileyo-ngamazwi ka-Asperger syndrome ingcali onguchwepheshe uDkt. Tony Attwood - "umahluko phakathi kwe -autism ephezulu kunye ne-Asperger syndrome ininzi ekupeleni."
Oku kubaluleke kakhulu njengokuba abantwana bekhula kwaye ukungafani kolwazi lweelwimi kwiminyaka emithathu kungabalulekanga.
Ngelo xesha abantu abane- Asperger syndrome okanye i-autism esebenzayo yintsholongwane, loo mahluko aphelile, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukwahlula phakathi kwezi zifo zimbini.
Imbali yeAsperger Syndrome
UHans Asperger wayengumntwana wase-Viennese wengqondo yengqondo owayesebenza kunye neqela leebhinqa, bonke abo babenemibono efanayo yokuphuhliswa. Ngethuba bebonke banobuqili kwaye banezakhono zelwimi eziqhelekileyo, nabo babe ne-set of autism-like symptoms.
Njengomphumo wemfazwe yehlabathi yesibili, umsebenzi ka-Asperger wanyamalala iminyaka emininzi. Xa yavulwa ekupheleni kwee-1980, yafumana into enomdla. Namhlanje, i-Asperger's syndrome-nangona kunjalo ayisona isigaba sokuxilongwa ngokusemthethweni-kwiindaba malunga nosuku.
Ziziphi iimpawu ze-Asperger Syndrome (iNqanaba 1 le-Autism Spectrum Disorder)?
Uninzi lwabantu abane-autism ephezulu kakhulu abanalo ingxaki ngeentetho ezisisiseko, kwaye banokuba bulumko kwaye banako. Imiba evelayo kubantu abaxilongwa nge-Asperger (level 1 autism) ifaka:
- Ubunzima bezakhono zoluntu nezentlalo (ukukwazi "ukufunda" ulwimi lomzimba, ukuqonda ukukhawuleza, njl.).
- Ukuvakalelwa kwomsindo omkhulu, izibane ezikhanyayo kunye nezinye izongeniso
Abantu ngabanye banokuba nobunzima kunye:
- Iinguqu kwiindlela
- Ukuthetha / ukucinga ngezihloko ezingenalo umdla
- Ukucinga ukuba abanye abantu bacinga ntoni okanye baziva njani
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba abantu abane-autism ephezulu abakwaziyo ukuvakalelwa kwaye banokuba novelwano. Enyanisweni, maxa wambi banokuziva becinezelekile, bebuhlungu kakhulu, baze baqhubekele ekuvuyiseni, umsindo, ukukhungatheka, intshiseko, njl.
Kwezinye iimeko, banokuba nobuchule kunye nobuchule (nangona kwabanye, banokukhetha ukuhamba rhoqo). Nobunzima, nangona kunjalo, xa abantu bephela ekupheleni kwebala lo-autism baqhubela phambili kwiinkqubo zentlalo okanye izinto ezilindelekileyo ezinzima kwaye zifuna izinga eliphezulu lokucinga kwezentlalo.
Ukuba oku kuthetha ngathi kuchaza abantu abaninzi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uqaphele ukuba umntu ophethe izici ezichazwe, kodwa uyakwazi ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwimpilo yakhe yemihla ngemihla, akayi kufunyaniswa ne-Asperger syndrome. Ngamanye amazwi, abantu abaninzi banalo okanye zonke iimpawu ze-Asperger syndrome, kodwa ngenxa yokuba banako ukumbamba umsebenzi okanye umsebenzi esikolweni, basebenzisane ngokufanelekileyo nabanye, kwaye banakekele iintswelo zabo zemihla ngemihla, abaxilongwa njengoko unesimo.
Ngaba ndiyakwazi (okanye omnye Ndiyazi) Ngaba ne-Asperger Syndrome?
Ukubeka ecaleni ukuba akukho mntu unokufumana ukuxilongwa kwe-Asperger kwakhona, ngaba wena okanye umntu owaziyo unempawu ezifanayo kwaye, ngoko ke, unokufanelekela ukuxilongwa kwe-autism? Ngokuqinisekileyo kunokwenzeka, kwaye iimvavanyo ezizimeleyo zenzelwe ukunika ingcaciso malunga nokuba uvavanyo lungaba luvo oluhle.
Inkonzo yase-Cambridge Lifespan Asperger Syndrome Service (i-CLASS), inhlangano e-United Kingdom esebenzelana nabantu abadala kunye no-Asperger, iye yavelisa uluhlu oluluhlu lwemibuzo eyi-10 ekuncedeni ngokuzifumanisa okokuqala:
- Ndiyifumana iimeko zentlalo zidideka.
- Ndibona kunzima ukwenza intetho encinci.
- Andizange ndonwabele ukubhala kwembali esikolweni.
- Ndikulungele ukufumana iinkcukacha kunye neengqinisiso.
- Ndikufumanisa nzima ukwenza okunye abanye abantu bacinga nokuziva.
- Ndiyakwazi ukugxila kwizinto ezithile kwixesha elide kakhulu.
- Abantu badla ngokuba besithi ndibuqhetseba nangona ndingazange ndizimisele ukuba.
- Ndinamandla ngokungaqhelekanga, enomdla.
- Ndenza izinto ezithile kwiindlela ezingapheliyo, eziphindaphindiweyo .
- Ndihlala ndibunzima ukwenza abahlobo.
Ukuba uphendula ngokuthi "ewe" kule mininzi yale mibuzo malunga nawe okanye othandekayo, usenokuba ufumene ityala elingafunyanwanga ne-Asperger syndrome / level 1 i-autism disorder disorder. (Kakade, ingxoxo kunye neengcali zonyango ziyalungelelaniswa ngaphambi kokuba zifikelele kwiziphi izigqibo, nangona kunjalo.) Kwabanye abatsha nabadala, oku kukhululeka kakhulu: Kubeka igama kwiinkalo eziye zabakhathaza ebomini babo . Kwakhona kuvulwa umnyango wokuxhasa, unyango kunye noluntu.
ILizwi
Kukho iingqondo zengqondo, izazi zengqondo kunye nabanye oogqirha abanamava athile ekufumanisa i-autism ephezulu esebenzayo nakubantu abadala. Laba bodwa bonyango banakho ukucebisa izigulana ezifana nokuqeqeshwa kwezakhono zentlalo, unyango lwentetho, unyango lwabasebenzi, njl. Bakhona banokukuncomela ukuba baxhaswe ngamacandelo nakwiqela lokuzimela.
Kodwa yazi ukuba akukho mbopheleleko yokwenza nantoni na malunga ne-Asperger syndrome. Enyanisweni, abantu abadala abadala banomuvo wokuthi ukuba "yinto yokubambisa," njengokuba abanye abantu bakubiza ngokuba yinto yokuzikhukhumeza. Ezi zizodwa, zihlala ziphumelele abantu nje ... ngokwabo.
Imithombo:
> I-American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Inkqubo yokuchonga i-Asperger disorder. Incwadana yokuxilonga kunye neenkcukacha zeengxaki zengqondo (umxholo wesine --- ukuhlaziywa kwimiqulu (DSM-IV-TR). IWashington, DC: Umbutho wama-Psychiatric yaseMerika, 84.
> I-American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Incwadana yokuxilonga kunye neenkcukacha zeengxaki zeengqondo (5th ed.).
> I-Autism Research Centre, iSebe loPhuhliso lweengqondo, iYunivesithi yaseCambridge. Iwebhusayithi. 2016.
> Udliwano-ndlebe noDkt Tony Attwood, ngoMeyi, 2007.