Izixhobo eziphindaphindayo ziyingxenye ye-Autism, kodwa ayikaso iNgxaki
Ukuphindaphinda, iimpazamo ezingenasiphelo zihlala zibonakalisa i -autism. Enyanisweni, abazali abaninzi banenkxalabo malunga ne-autism xa bebona umntwana wabo ephinda ahlaziye amathoyizi, izinto ezijikelezayo, okanye ukuvula kunye nokuvala imitha okanye iingcango. Ukuziphatha okuphindaphinda kunokuquka ukuthetha, ukucinga, okanye ukubuza ngokufanayo ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, ukuziphatha okuphindaphindiweyo kunokuba yingozi; ngokuphindaphindiweyo, kunjalo, zixhobo zokuzihlaziya.
Baya kuba yingxaki, nangona kunjalo, xa befumana indlela yezinto eziqhelekileyo okanye benze kube nzima ukufikelela esikolweni okanye emsebenzini.
"Ukutshatyalaliswa" (Ukuphindaphinda) Iimpazamo ziyingxenye ye-Autism
Iingcali kunye nabaphandi babiza ngokuphindaphindiweyo, ukuziphatha okungenangqondo "ukunyaniseka" okanye "ukunyamezela," kwaye iziphatho ezinjalo zichazwe njengempawu ze-autism kwi-DSM-5 (incwadi esemthethweni yokuxilonga):
Ukukhawulelwa, ukuphindaphinda iipatheni zokuziphatha, iminqweno okanye imisebenzi, njengoko kubonakaliswe ubuncinane kwezi zilandelayo zilandelayo, okwangoku okanye kwimbali (imizekelo ibonisa, ayikho iphelele; funda itekisi):
- Ukutshintsha okanye ukuphindaphinda, ukusetyenziswa kwezinto, okanye intetho (umz., Izithuthi ezilula, ukucwangcisa amathoyizi okanye izinto zokuphamba , i- echolalia , iindidi ze-idiosyncratic).
- Ukunyanzelisa ngokufanayo, ukunyaniseka okungaxhomekiyo kwiindlela eziqhelekileyo, okanye iintlobo zokuziphatha ezizithethayo okanye ezingabonakaliyo (umzekelo, uxinzelelo olubi kwiinguqu ezincinci, ubunzima bokuguquka, iipateni zokucinga eziqinileyo, imirhumo yokubingelelana, idinga ukuthatha indlela efanayo okanye idle ukutya okufanayo imihla ngemihla ).
- Iminqweno ephakamileyo kakhulu, yokulungiswa ngokungekho ngokweqile okanye ekugxilweni (umz., Isinamathiselo esinamandla okanye ukuxhalabisa ngezinto ezingavamile, ukuthanda izinto ezingapheliyo okanye ukunyamezela).
Zibukeka Njani Izinto Ezixhasayo?
Ukuziphatha okuphindaphindiweyo kwi-autism kunokuhluka ngokubanzi kumntu kumntu.
Kubantu abathile, kubandakanya ukuthetha okanye ukuthetha ngezinto ezifanayo ngokuphindaphindiweyo (umzekelo, ukubeka uluhlu lwabo bonke abaVavanyo kunye namagunya abo, ukufunda izikripthi kwiTV, okanye ukubuza umbuzo ofanayo maxesha amaninzi). Kwabanye, kubandakanywa nezenzo zangokwenyama ezifana nokugubungela okuphindaphindiweyo, ukukhawuleza, okanye ukuhamba. Kwi-autism eyingozi kakhulu, iziphatho ezinokuthi zinobudlova; ukukhwaza ngentloko, umzekelo, ukuziphatha okungafaniyo. Abanye abantu kwi-autism spectrum bazibandakanya ukuziphatha okuphindaphinda rhoqo, ngelixa abanye bahlala behlala behlala behlala behlala behlala bexinekile (xa bexinekile, bexhala okanye baxakeke).
Abantu abaninzi abane-autism bazive becinekile xa becelwa ukuba batshintshe inkqubo yabo okanye ishedyuli. Kwezinye iimeko, iimeko eziqhelekileyo ziphantse zingabonakali kumntu ongapheliyo. Emva koko, abaninzi abantu banomsebenzi wentsasa nangobusuku, kwaye abaninzi balandela isimiso esingenakulinganiswa ngexesha losuku. Kwamanye amaxesha, isimiso singavamile ngendlela enye. Xa umntu ene-autism ecelwa ukuba atshintshe inkqubo, impendulo ingaba nokuxhalabisa okanye ukucaphukisa, nangona umntu ephezulu kakhulu.
Ngamanye amaxesha ukuziphatha okunyamezelayo okanye okunyanzeliswayo kubonakala ngenxa yokuba imakwe okanye ayiqhelekanga.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, nangona kunjalo, ngokubhekiselele kwi-autism esebenzayo, ukunyamezela kungabonakali kumntu ongapheliyo. Umntu onomvumi unoku, umzekelo, abuze "Ngaba uthanda amafilimu amnandi?" Emva kokuva ukuba impendulo ngu "ewe," umntu onokuzithemba angagqiba inkulumo efanayo malunga neNtsalane yeMnxeba ukuba uphumelele ngokuphindwe kabini ngaphambili, ngamazwi afanayo, kunye neetoni kunye nempawu efanayo. Njengomzali, unokwazi ukuthetha emva kwaye phambili, kodwa njengomhlobo omtsha, unganakubona ukuphindaphinda.
Ngaba Ziyakwenza Iingxaki Zokuphindaphinda Ingxaki?
Enyanisweni, ukuziphatha okunyamezelayo akukodwa kubantu abane-autism.
Uninzi lwabantu lubandakanyeka kwezinye iindlela zokuziphatha. Ukubetha isilumko, ukuhamba, ipencil okanye inyopho yokucoca, ukucoca, okanye "isidingo" sokubukela imiboniso yeTV okanye imicimbi yezemidlalo ngokungafaniyo zonke iintlobo zokunyamezela.
Kwabanye abantu abane-autism, ingxaki yokunyamezela ayinayo ingxaki nantoni na, kuba ivela kuphela ngamaxesha afanayo nakwabanye abantu (ngokuqhelekileyo phantsi kwengcinezelo) kunye nokuziphatha kakubi. Ukunyamezela kunokuba kudibanisa nabantu abane-autism, kuba inxulumene nesithakazelo esinomdla esinokubangela ubungane okanye kwanomsebenzi. Umntu obambezelayo kwimidlalo yecomputer, umzekelo, unokujoyina iiklabhu zokudlala apho uya kufumana abanye abanomdla ofanayo.
Kuba abantu abaninzi abane-autism, nokuba kunjalo, ukunyamezela okanye ukuziphatha okuphindaphindiweyo akuphazamisi nje abanye, kodwa kuyona ndlela ibalulekileyo yokuthintana nabanye kunye nokubandakanya kwihlabathi. Umntu ophoqelela izandla zakhe ekugqithweni kwayo nayiphi na into ngokucacileyo akakwazi ukuza kwihlabathi elikufutshane naye okanye ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yehlabathi yangempela. Kwaye nangona kungekho nto iphosakeleyo ngokuthetha ngesifundo esifanayo ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngokuphindaphindiweyo, ukuziphatha okunjalo kunokubangela iintlobo zeengxaki zentlalo neengxaki.
Iimbangela zezoNyango kunye neZonyango zokuThuthukisa kwakhona kwi-Autism
Akukho mntu uyazi oko kubangela ukunyamezela kubantu abane-autism, nangona kukho iindidi ezahlukeneyo. Ngokuxhomekeke kwimbono oyifumayo, unokukhetha ukonyango oluthile (okanye akukho nonyango nhlobo). Ewe, ukuba ukuziphatha kuyingozi okanye kuyingozi kufuneka kuguqulwe. Ezinye iindlela zonyango ziye zaphandwa ngokugqithiseleyo kunabanye, kodwa bonke baye baphumelela ngabanye abantu kwaye baphumelela ngaphantsi kwabanye. Umzekelo:
- Ukuba ukholelwa ukunyamezela kuyinkqubo yokuziphatha, unokusebenzisa iindlela zokuziphatha (imivuzo kwaye, kwezinye iimeko, nemiphumo) "ukucima" ukuziphatha.
- Ukuba ukholelwa ukuziphatha okuphindaphindiweyo yindlela yokuzincoma ukuzithiba ekusebenziseni ukuthintela ingongoma eninzi yeengcinga, unokusebenzisa ubuchule bokuhlanganiswa kweenjongo zokunceda umntu ozimeleyo aze aphinde abuyele umqondo wokulawula.
- Ukuba ukholelwa ukunyamezela kubonakaliso lwezinto eziphathekayo kwinxalenye yomntu one-autism, unokusebenzisa iindlela zobugcisa ezifana ne-Floortime okanye SonRise ukudibanisa nomntu ozimelayo kwaye uncede ukuba aguqule izenzo ezinokunyamezela kwimisebenzi enentsingiselo. Ngokomzekelo, umntu okhangela iinjoni zeevenyithi unokukwazi ukuphendula ngokuphindaphindiweyo izenzo zakhe eziphindaphindayo, kwaye unokukwazi ukwakha umdla wakhe wokunyamezela ukuphuhlisa izakhono zentlalo.
- Ukuba ukholelwa ukuziphatha okunyamezelayo kubangelwa ukuxhalaba okanye i-chemicals okanye i-neurological issue, unokuzama ukulawula ukuziphatha ngokusebenzisa i-pharmacotherapy.
ILizwi
Njengomzali, unokuba neentloni okanye ugxothwe ngokuziphatha komntwana wakho. Ngaphambi kokuthatha isenzo "sokucima", ke, kubalulekile ukuqonda injongo abayisebenzayo. Ukuba ngaba ngokwenene banceda umntwana wakho ukuba ahlale ezolile, lawula imingeni yomnxeba , okanye ulandele ngenye indlela iimfuno zokuphila kwansuku zonke, kuya kufuneka uxhase umntwana wakho njengoko eguqulela okanye ewandisa iinkqubo zakhe. Oku kungathi ukufumana umcali ukuba asebenze nomntwana wakho, okanye ukuguqula indawo yengane yakho ukwenza kube nzima.
> Imithombo:
> BA Boyd et al. Iimpawu eziqingqiweyo kunye nokuziphatha okuphindaphindiweyo kubantwana abane-autism kunye nokulibaziseka kokuphuhliswa. Autism Res. Ngo-Apr; 3 (2): 78-87. (2010)
> Kirby, Anne V., et al. "Ukuziphatha okuqhelekileyo nokuphindaphindiweyo phakathi kwabantwana abane-disism disorder disorder ekhaya." Autism 21.2 (2017): 142-154.
> Schertz, uHannah H., et al. "Umzali-Uvakalise ukuziphatha okuphindaphindiweyo kwabantwana abaselula kwi-Autism Spectrum." Umbhalo we-autism kunye neengxaki zentuthuko 46.10 (2016): 3308-3316.