Uninzi lwe-IQ Uvavanyo olungafanelekanga kubantwana abane-Autism
Ininzi yexesha, abantwana beengqondo kunye nabanye abaqeqeshi baxhomekeke kwiimvavanyo ezifanayo ze-IQ ukulinganisa ubunzima babo bonke abantwana. Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo ezivela kuloo mvavanyo, abaninzi abantwana abane-autism baye bavavanywa njengokuba baneengqondo eziphantsi.
Iziphumo ezangoku (kunye novavanyo olutsha), nangona kunjalo, zibonisa ukuba iimvavanyo eziqhelekileyo zengqondo, ngokusekelwe kwingcaciso eqokelelwa kubantwana abaqhelekileyo, ayifanelekanga abantwana abane-autism.
Ngenxa yoko, inkoliso yexesha, abantwana be-autistic bafumana iimvavanyo ze-IQ ezingafanelekanga ezinokulawulwa ngendlela engafanelekanga.
Iimvavanyo ze-IQ zifanele zilawulwe njani kwi-Kids nge Autism?
Iimvavanyo ze-IQ eziqhelekileyo zakhiwa malunga nokucingwa ukuba abathathi-vavanyo bangayiqonda kwaye basebenzise ulwimi oluthethiweyo kwizinga elifanelekileyo. Abantwana abane-autism, nangona kunjalo, phantse bangabi nabanobuchule bokunxibelelana obudala. Oku kuthetha ukuba baqala ngephandle. Ukongeza, abantwana abane-autism bangasabela kakubi kwimeko entsha kunye nomhloli ongaziwa. Ngaphandle kweemeko zomzimba phantsi kokuba zicelwa ukuba zithathe uvavanyo (ngokuqhelekileyo igumbi elinamagqabi akhanyayo) zingenza imingeni.
Ngokutsho kukaJacob Coplan, MD, udokotela wezingane ophuhliso kunye nomphenyi onguchwepheshe we-autism, iimvavanyo zengqondo kubantwana abane-autism kufuneka zilawulwe "ngumntu okhululekile kunye nokwazi ukusebenza kunye nezingane ezisemapu.
Ngubani oqonda ukuba yintoni eyenza umntwana abeke. Ezinye iingxelo zibukeka ngathi zibhalwa kwidisk disk. "
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba uphando oluthile lubonisa ukuba abantwana abane-autism abaxhasi nje ukuba bathathe okanye benze kakuhle uvavanyo lwe-IQ kuba bengakhathazeki okanye baqonda izigwebo zabanye kunye nezilindele.
Ukubonelela abanye abaxhasi bezentlalo , njengamabhaso amancinci wokuthobela, bangenza umehluko omkhulu kwiziphumo zokuvavanya.
Iingcali zinobuchule bunjani obulinganisa ubulumko obungenanto?
Ekubeni abantwana abancinci be-autistic bahlala bengenanto okanye banemveliso ebalulekileyo yokusetyenziswa kolwimi baze baphendule ngokuthetha, uDkt. Coplan uthi iimpendulo zomlomo zingenakuba ngumlinganiselo omhle we-IQ, namanqanaba omntwana wokulawula ubudlelwane bobudlelwane phakathi kwabantu, iinjongo zengqondo okanye izakhono zamandla. Enyanisweni, uthi, "Ingqiqo engabonakaliyo yinto ebalulekileyo echaphazela umphumo."
Unokulinganisa njani uvavanyo olungenanto? UDkt Coplan uncoma uVavanyo oluPhezulu lweNkcazelo engeyiyo-Intetho (TONI), esithi abantwana abangenzi kakuhle kwiimvavanyo zengqiqo ziyakwenza kakuhle kwi-TONI. Uvavanyo lujonge ngokuthe ngqo kwizinto abantwana abazi ngaphezu kweminye imvavanyo - kungekhona ngendlela abantwana abanokusebenzisa ngayo ulwimi ukuthetha nabo abakwaziyo. Okongeziweyo, uvavanyo lulawulwa ngokungenangqiqo. Ngokubanzi, uvavanyo lweendlela ezine zeengcaphephe:
- Injongo yokuhlala isigxina (ukuqonda ukuba into ikhona, nangona ingabonakali)
- Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo
- Isizathu kunye nomphumo
- Ukulungisa ingxaki
- Izakhono zokuthintela
Ngomnye umnyaka, umntwana kufuneka akwazi ukubonisa ukuba uyazi into ekhoyo, nangona kungabonakali.
Imidlalo, njenge-peek-a-boo, ibe nenjongo kweli nqanaba.
Kwiinyanga ezili-12 ukuya kwe-14, utshilo uDkt Coplan, umntwana kufuneka akwazi ukusebenzisa izinto njengezixhobo, ukuxazulula iingxaki ezilula kwaye abonise umdla kumbangela nempembelelo. Abantwana be-Autistic, nangona kunjalo, banokwenza zonke ezi zinto idiosyncratically. Ngokomzekelo, uCoplan uchaza umzali omnye esithi, "Umntwana wam usebenzisa izandla zam ngokungathi zixhobo zokucanda." Ngo-2 ubudala, abantwana kufuneka badibanise izinto ezahlukeneyo ukuze babone oko benzayo. Ukufakwa kunye nokulahla ziimpawu zolu hlobo lophuhliso. UDkt Coplan uthi: "Abantwana abaqhelekileyo baya kusebenzisa ulwimi, kodwa izakhono zokuguquguquka (ukukhawuleza, izambatho kunye nokunye, njl.) Zizo zonke izakhono zokuxazulula iingxaki ozifumanayo kwiinyanga ezingama-36."
Ezinye iimvavanyo zengqondo zilinganisa iinkalo ezimbalwa zeengcaphephe kodwa zingasiluncedo. Iimatriki zeRaven ngumvavanyo ohambelanayo, owenza amanyathelo omntwana ukuqonda ukumelelwa kwendawo. Iimvavanyo zeBender Gestalt ziquka ukukopisha imifanekiso (kwaye ifuna ukuveliswa komzimba). Ngokuxhomekeka kumntwana, le mvavanyo kunye nezinye iimvavanyo zongezelelweyo zinokuba luncedo ekuqaliseni isicwangciso sonyango esihle.
> Imithombo:
> Udliwano-ndlebe > kunye noDkt. James Coplan, > iMeyi > 2008.
> Charman, T. et al. IQ kubantwana abaneengxaki ze-autism: iinkcukacha ezivela kwiiNdawo eziZodwa kunye ne-Autism Project (SNAP). Psychol Med. 2011 Mar; 41 (3): 619-27. i-doi: 10.1017 / S0033291710000991.
> USarris, uMarina. Ukulinganisa ubuchule kwi-autism. I-Interactive Autism Network kwisiKhungo saseKennedy Krieger, ngo-Okthoba 2015.