Asisoloko siyibona, kodwa indawo yethu iyilungiselela impilo yethu yonke imini yemihla. Lapho siphila khona, into esiyidlayo, nendlela esidibana ngayo nehlabathi elikujikelezayo, singenza izikali (ngezinye izihlandlo ngokoqobo) phakathi kwempilo okanye cha. Yilapho abaqeqeshi bempilo yengingqi, imigaqo-nkqubo kunye neenkqubo zonke ziza kudlala.
Nangona sihlala sicinga ngempilo ngokhetho oluthile-olunjengokuthi sisisebenzisa okanye siyagonywa-izinto ezininzi zangaphandle zingathonya indlela esiyimpilo ngayo, kuquka nokuba siyagula okanye siyalimala.
Uxinzelelo lwezendalo kunye neenzuzo zinceda ukubeka iintlobo zezigqibo ozikhethayo, okanye kwezinye iimeko, yenza ukhetho lwakho.
Inkcazo
Abantu abaninzi bahlala becinga ngempilo yengqongileyo ngokubhekiselele kumoya ococekileyo kunye namanzi, kodwa imvelo yendalo-kuquka izinto ezifana nokufudumala kwehlabathi-ziyingxenye enye yecala elikhulu.
Impilo yengqongileyo yinkalo karhulumente yempilo ejongene nokujongana nezo zinto zenyama, iikhemikhali kunye neengxaki zezinto eziphilayo esingenakho ukulawula ngqo, kodwa sinokuchaphazela impilo yethu nantoni na. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba uhlala kwindawo yokuhlala kunye nezindlela zokuhamba ezingaphephile okanye umoya ongcolileyo, kunzima ukuphuma ngaphandle kwaye usebenze. Ngokufanayo, yintoni indlu yakho eyakhiwe nayo, yiziphi iinambuzane ezihlala kufuphi, kunye nento yokutya onokufikelela kuyo yonke inokuchaphazela impilo yakho kunye nempilo yentsapho yakho.
Ngokucacileyo, impilo yengingqi yindawo yempilo karhulumente ejongene nazo zonke iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezisijikelezayo.
Iindawo zeMpilo yeNdalo
Impilo yengqongileyo yenye yezona zikhulu kakhulu kwimpilo yoluntu ngenxa yeendlela ezininzi zangaphandle ezinokuchaphazela indlela esitya ngayo, siphile kwaye sikhule. Le ntsholongwane ingaba malunga nokujongana nemvelo yethu (njengokuba kunjalo kumanzi acocekileyo okanye ucoceko), kodwa nazo zingakhokelela kwiziganeko zabantu-kuquka iinkqubo zentlalo.
Abantu abanezimpiliso Iinjongo zempilo zezosingqongileyo zee-2020 ziphakamisa iinkalo ezintandathu ezibalulekileyo ezibandakanya iindlela ezahlukeneyo zempilo kubume bentlalo ebalulekileyo kwimpilo yoluntu.
Umgangatho Womoya
Umoya awuthengiselwano nabantu. Siyayifuna ukuba iphile, kodwa asisoloko sinyamekela ukuyigcina ihlambulukile, kwaye leyo ingaba nefuthe elikhulu kwimpilo yethu.
Ubunjani bezinga lomoya ludityaniswe kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zempilo, kuquka i-SIDS, umdlavuza wamaphaphu kunye neCOPD . Ukungcola komoya kudibaniswa nokukhula okuphantsi. Enyanisweni, olunye uphando olwanyatheliswa ngo-2005 lubonise ukuba abantwana abazalelwe ngabafazi abakhulelweyo bavelele kumazinga aphakamileyo e-ozone ngexesha lesibini kunye nelithathu lesithathu babekho amathuba ngaphezu koonontanga abangabonakaliyo ukuba bazalwe ngesisindo sokuzalwa esincinane. Isiphumo sasifana neyabonwa kwiintsana ezinomama obhemayo ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
UMthetho woMoya ococekileyo wee-1970 wawufuna ukutshintsha konke oko. Kwaphawulwa okokuqala urhulumente wenqila uthatha uxanduva lokukhusela umgangatho womoya kubo bonke abemi base-US ngokulawula ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezinobungozi kwizinto ezinjengezimoto kunye namafektri. Isenzo sagqithiselwa kamva ngo-1990 ukujongana nemvula ye-asidi kunye nokupheliswa kwe-ozone-kwaye isebenza. Kulo ngxelo ye-2011 yengxelo, i-Arhente yokuKhuselwa kweNdalo ibonise ukuba uMthetho woMoya ococekileyo uza kukhusela abangaphezu kwama-230,000 ukufa kwangaphambili ngo-2020.
Amanzi noCoceko
Ngokutsho kwamaZiko okuLawulwa kweNtsholongwane kunye nokuKhusela, abantu abaqikelelwa kwii-780 yezigidi emhlabeni jikelele abanako ukufikelela kwamanzi aphuzekileyo, kwaye i-jaw-dropping 2.5 billion (okanye malunga neyesithathu yabemi bomhlaba) ayinakho iinkonzo ezaneleyo zokunceketho ezinjengeendawo zokuhlambela ezihlambulukileyo. Impembelelo yale nto iyaphazamisa. Abalinganiselwa ku-2,200 abantwana bafa imihla ngemihla kwihlabathi leesifo sohudo ehlanganiswe namanzi angcolileyo kunye nococeko.
Isenzo esilula sokucoca kunye neenkqubo zokunkcenkceshela kwamanzi eUnited States kuye kwaphumela ekunciphiseni okukhulu kwezifo eziqhelekileyo ezifana ne- typhoid . Ngokulinganisela okukodwa , i-$ 1 enye inotyalwe ngobungcali bezobuchwephesha bamanzi, ilizwe libuyisela i-$ 23 kwiindleko zonyango kunye noluntu olumanyeneyo, kwaye loo manzi ahlambulukileyo ayenembopheleleko yokunciphisa ukufa kwabantwana kweli lizwe.
Izinto ezinobungozi kunye neenkunkuma eziyingozi
I-toxicology-oko kukuthi, indawo yesayensi ezinikele ekuqondeni indlela iikhemikhali kunye nezinto ezinokuchaphazela ngayo abantu kunye neendawo ezizungezile-yintsimi ebalulekileyo kwimpilo yengingqi. Uninzi lwezixhobo ezifunekayo ukuqhubela phambili kumashishini kunye ne teknoloji, njengezinyithi ezinzima okanye ezinye iiplastiki, zinokuchaphazela umzimba womntu kwaye zikhokelela kwiimeko zonyango ezinzulu.
Enye yezona zihlandlo zakutshanje, ezipapashwe ngokugqithiseleyo oku kwenzekayo yi- Flint Water crisis . Xa iindaba zaqhekeka ngo-2015 ukuba amanzi okusela ePlint, eMichigan ayephethe i-lead, yabangela ukuthukuthela kunye nokwesaba phakathi kweentsapho. Ukuba abantwana batywala okanye baqhube phambili, bangakhokelela kwiinkxalabo zempilo zangexesha elide, kubandakanya ukulimala kwengqondo, kwaye kwimeko kaPlint, ngaba abantwana abahluphekileyo bezoqoqosho abachaphazelekayo.
Amaphesenti angaphezu kwama-40 abantu baseFlint baphila ngaphantsi komgaqo-ntlupheko, malunga namaxesha angama-2.8 ngamazinga aphantsi kobuhlwempu e-United States. I-county apho kuhlala khona idolophu ephethe imbali yempilo engafanelekanga, ibeka i-81 kumanqaku angama-82 eMichigan kwiziphumo zempilo. Inkxalabo yaba ngumzekelo oyintloko wemiba yempilo yengingqi ihlala ibuhlungu abantu abanempilo yabo esesichengeni.
AmaKhaya kunye neziLuntu
Sichitha ubuninzi bexesha lethu ekhaya, emsebenzini, okanye esikolweni, ngoko kubalulekile ukuba ezi ndawo zikhuselekile ngeengozi ezincinci, kunye nokuziphatha ngendlela enempilo. Xa ummelwane unobundlobongela obuninzi, umzekelo, iintsapho zingenakuphuma ngaphandle ukuze zisebenzise. Xa izithuthi zingagcinwa kakuhle, zingabangela ukuphazamiseka kweminye imoto.
Intsimi ekhulayo kule mimandla yempilo yendalo yileyo yokufikelela kokutya. Amaninzi amaninzi kulo lonke elaseUnited States ayinayo izitolo zokutya ezizeleyo. Xa bengabikho, abahlali bahlala bexhomekeka kwiindawo zokuthengisa ezilula, njengalezo ezifumaneka kwizikhululo zegesi, ukuthenga ukutya kwazo. Oku kungabiza, kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu, kunokuthetha ukhetho oluncinci okanye oluhlwempuzekileyo lwezityalo kunye nezityalo-into ebalulekileyo yokutya okunempilo. Kwiintsapho kule mimandla, kunokuba ngumzabalazo wokwenza ukhetho oluphilileyo, ukwandisa ukungabikho kwempilo ekhoyo ekhoyo kubantu abaphantsi kunye nabancinane.
Kwimizamo yokunciphisa impembelelo yale "ngqaba yokutya," iingcali zezempilo zemvelo ziyanxusa uluntu ukuba luzise iigadi zasemhlabeni apho abahlali banokukhula kunye nokuvuna iimveliso zabo ezintsha, ukuphucula ukufikelela kwezothutho zoluntu ukuya kwiivenkile zokutya kunye neefama zorhwebo, kwaye utshintshe imithetho yokwahlula ukukhuthaza abantu abathengisi ukuba banikeze ukutya okunempilo.
Izibonelelo kunye nokuHlola
Icandelo eliphambili laluphi na icebo lempilo yoluntu lulwazi. Ngokuqonda ukuba yiziphi iingozi kunye nalapho, ootitshala bezempilo bezemvelo bangakwazi ukuphucula izixhobo zokukhusela okanye ukulwa nazo. Oku kubandakanya ukuphanda nokuphendula kwizifo-intsimi ebizwa ngokuba yi- epidemiology- kwakunye nokuhlola abantu ngenxa yengozi nokuseka iinkqubo zokujonga.
Imisebenzi yokuqwalasela ibandakanya ukuphuma nokukhangela iinkxalabo ezithile zezempilo (ukujonga ngenyameko) okanye ngokucela abaqeqeshi kwezinye iindawo, njengamayeza okanye ezolimo, ukuba baqaphele ii-arhente zempilo zendalo xa zidibana nazo (ukubeka iliso ngokukhawuleza).
Umzekelo walokhu kusebenze uhlolisiso lwemiyane kunye nokunyulwa kwemisebenzi. Ezi nkqubo zivavanya iintshukumo zezinto ezithile, kubandakanywa nobukho bezilwanyana ezinobungozi ezifana ne-Zika virus, kunye nokubeka iliso abantu ukuba baqinisekise ukuba amanyathelo okulawula asebenza. Le ngcaciso inokukunceda amagosa ezempilo ukuba azi ukuba uyayilindela kwiiofisi zonyango, oorhulumente beengingqi apho kwaye nendlela engcono ngayo yokuphalaza ummiyane, kwaye uqaphele uluntu ukuba isifo esithwala umlwanyana sisasazeka kule ndawo.
YeMpilo yeNdalo
Kwiminyaka emashumi ezayo, iingcali zempilo yendalo yengqongileyo zikhupha imozulu efudumalayo, ebomileyo eyobangela ukuba kubekho ukuphazamisa impilo esesidlangalaleni kwihlabathi jikelele.
Njengoko ukunyuka kwamaqondo okushisa, umzekelo, izilwanyana eziphethe izifo zingaphila kwiindawo ezazingabanda kakhulu ukuba ziphile, zikhupha inani labantu abachaphazelekayo zizifo eziphathekayo ezifana ne-dengue kunye ne-malariya. Njengamanqanaba olwandle aphakama, izixeko eziselunxwemeni kunye nezizwe eziqithileyo zisemngciphekweni wokukhukula izikhukhula, zithumela izigidi zabantu abafudukela kwiindawo ezikhuselekileyo apho izifo zingasasazeka ngokukhawuleza.
Njengoko iziganeko zemozulu ezibi kakhulu ziba zihamba phambili, izikhulu zempilo zikulindele iminyaka efana no-2017 apho iziphepho zokubuyela emva nezikhukula kwiindawo ezinjengeHouston, eFlorida nasePuerto Rico zonakalisa amakhaya, zenza ukuba ukusasazeka kwezifo, kwaye kwashiya izigidi ngaphandle kwamandla.
Ukukhusela impilo yeplanethi kubaluleke kakhulu ekuphuculeni nasekulondolozeni impilo yelizwe lonke. Nangona iziphumo zempilo ziye zaphucuka kakhulu kwiinkulungwane ezidluleyo-kwiintlanga ezizityebi ezifana ne-United States ngokukodwa-izingozi zendalo kunye nezifo ezithintekayo aziyazi imida yezopolitiko. Abantu namhlanje bahamba phambili nangaphezulu rhoqo kunanini ngaphambili, kunye neengxabano kwiindawo ezinjengeSiriya, i-Afghanistan kunye neSouth Sudan zibangela izigidi ukuba zibaleke emakhaya abo.
Ezi zinyuka kwimimandla ehamba emida nakwi-continental-movements ziyakwazi ukusongela iinzame zokukhusela izifo kunye nezakhiwo ezikhoyo ezikhoyo. Kungenxa yoko kubalulekile ukuba amazwe abuke ngaphaya kwemida yabo ukuze kuphuculwe impilo yabantu bonke-kungekhona yedwa.
Indlela Ongayinceda ngayo
Ngokungafani nokutya kunye nokuzilolonga, izinto ezininzi zempilo zendalo yinto ayikho into elawulwa kuphela kwizinga ngalinye. Ukulwa nomngcipheko abawenzayo ngokuqhelekileyo kuthatha imithetho, imigaqo-nkqubo kunye neenkqubo kwinqanaba lendawo, lombuso kunye namazwe ngamazwe.
Akungqiqweni, umzekelo, ukuba wonke umntu ahlole iikhikhitishi zeevenkile eziqhelekileyo okanye azame amanzi azo ngensimbi enzima. Yingakho siye saqeqesha kunye nabaqeqeshi bokutya kokutya kunye nabaxhasi bezonyango abasebenzisa ukucwangcisa okuqinileyo, okulinganiselweyo kunye nokuhlola ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukutya kunye namanzi akhuselekile ukuba adle. Kuthatha umgudu opheleleyo kunye olungelelanisiweyo kwinkqubo enkulu yempilo yokusingqongileyo ukukhusela impilo kunye nokukhuselwa koluntu kulo lonke uhlanga kunye nehlabathi.
Oko kuthethwa, kukho izinto ezininzi onokuzenza ukukhusela impilo yendalo kunye nokukhuselwa koluntu lwakho nakwihlabathi. Unokukunceda ukuphucula umgangatho womoya ngokukhwela ibhayisikili yakho, ukuthatha uhambo lokuhamba, okanye ukutshintsha ukuthungelwa kwendawo endaweni yokuqhuba imoto ukuya emsebenzini. Unokuzijonga ikhaya lakho nge- radon okanye iphambili yepende okanye iibhobho zokuthintela ukungena kwizinto ezinobuthi. Kwaye ungathetha noorhulumente bakho basekuhlaleni ngokuphathelele ukutyalo kwimisebenzi yempilo yengingqi eqinisekisa ukuba wonke ummandla unokufikelela kwindawo ekhuselekileyo yokuhlala, ukusebenza, nokudlala.
> Imithombo:
> Amacandelo okuLawula nokuLawula izifo. Iinkonzo zempilo yendalo.
> Healthy People.gov. Zempilo. Ofisi yeZifo zokuKhuselwa kunye nokuKhuthazwa kwezeMpilo.
> ISiko leSizwe lezeMpilo zezeMpilo. Izihloko zempilo yendalo.