Abathwali be-Typhoid Fever abanokugula
UMariya oMdaka wayengumntu wangempela kwiminyaka ye-1900 eyayiyimpumelelo (ngaphandle kwempawu) umphathi we- Salmonella typhi . Ngethuba lokupheka kwakhe njengompheki, wayesebenzisa abantu abangama-47 benomkhuhlane we-typhoid kwaye ekugqibeleni akazange ayeke ukuthobela izilumkiso ezivela kumagosa empilo karhulumente kwaye ayeke ukupheka.
I-Typhoid isenyanisweni kubantu abaninzi abahlala kwaye basebenze kwiindawo apho amanzi kunye nococeko abangabakhuseli kwi-typhoid.
Oku kungaba sisifo abahambayo xa bavela ngaphandle. Iyakwazi ukusasazeka ekudleni ukutya okanye kumanzi okusela okanye ezinye iziphuzo ezinobungozi be-typhoid. Umngcipheko wokusuleleka usulelekile ungancitshiswa ngegciwane .
Igama lezityalo : I- Salmonella typhi yintlobo eziqhelekileyo ezibangelwa i-Typhoid Fever. Ezinye iintlobo, kuquka i- Salmonella enteritidis okanye i- Salmonella typhimurium , kunokubangela i- gastroenteritis (isifo sohudo) okanye izifo ezifana ne-typhoid.
Uhlobo lweMicrobe: Ibhakteria ye-Gram-negative
Indlela esasazeka ngayo
I-Salmonella typhi ingaphalaliswa kubantu abanomkhuhlane we-typhoid, kunye nabathwali, abaye bafumene esi sifo kodwa baqhubeka bephethe kwaye baphala iibhaktheriya emanzini abo. Ukukhulelwa kubakho ngokungenisa ukutya okanye iziphuzo ezihlambulukileyo ne- Salmonella typhi , kuquka amanzi asetyenziselwa ukusela okanye ukuhlamba ukutya.
Ngubani osemngciphekweni?
Umkhuhlane we-typhoid uqheleke kakhulu kumazwe angatshintshekanga, ngakumbi iAsia, i-Afrika, ne-Latin America.
Amacala ama-400 ayenzeka ngonyaka ngamnye eUnited States, uninzi lwalo lufumaneka ngexesha lokuhamba ngamazwe. Emazweni asathuthukayo, abantu abayizigidi ezingama-21,5 bathinteka kunyaka. Kukho isitofu esinokunciphisa umngcipheko.
Iimpawu
Kubalulekile ukufuna uncedo ukuba unomkhuhlane emva kokuhamba.
Ezi zifo zingabangela umkhuhlane ophezulu we-103 F ukuya kwi-104 F, intlungu yesisu, intloko yesifo, ukukhathala, ukulahleka kwesidlo. Esi sifo singathatha ixesha ukuphuhlisa. Kukho ukurhoxiswa okanye ukuzitywa. Kukho ukukhawuleza. Abanye banokupheliswa kwesilonda kunye nokudinga ukuhlinzwa. Iimpawu zifuna ukuba i-professional training eyaziwayo.
Ukuxilongwa
Ukuxilongwa ngokuqhelekileyo kwenziwa rhoqo ngesiseko se-antibodies kumazwe apho i-Typhoid eqhelekileyo. Oku kufuna udokotela onamava ukuba aguqule. Igazi okanye isitulo sezitshixo. I-bone marrow aspirate nayo yindlela echaphazelekayo engasetyenziswayo yokuxilongwa.
Prognosis
Ngonyango lwe-antibiotics, iimpawu ziqala ukuhlalisa iintsuku ezi-2 ukuya kwiintsuku ezintathu, kwaye ukugqitywa kwemfuyo kulungile. Ngaphandle kwonyango, umkhuhlane unokuhlala iiveki ukuya kwiinyanga, kwaye eso sifo siyabulala kwi-20% yabantu abahluphekileyo.
Unyango
Umele uthethe ugqirha okanye umongikazi malunga nonyango. Oku kunokuba sisifo esiyingozi. Kufuneka uphathwe naluphi na uncedo lwezonyango olukhoyo. I-antibiotics (Ceftriaxone trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, okanye i-ciprofloxacin) idla ngokumiselwa. Ezi antibiotics zingaze zisebenze nangona kukho ukuchasana apho i-bug ithathwe khona. Kubalulekile ukuthetha nochwepheshe bezonyango.
Ukukhethwa kwee-antibiotics kuxhomekeke kumzekelo we-antibiotics-resistant kwindawo apho isifo safunyanwa khona. Ingadinga ii-antibiotics ze-IV kunye nonyango kwiiveki ezimbini (ngokuqhelekileyo unyango ngamayeza omlomo eninzi kunyango).
Thintelo
Izitofu ezimbini ezifumanekayo eUnited States ngenxa yomkhuhlane we-typhoid: isitofu somlomo (Vivotif Berna) kunye nesitofu sokugonya (iTyphim Vi). Ukuba uhamba kwilizwe elikhulayo apho i-typhoid fever ingaba yingxaki, jonga umboneleli wakho wezempilo ukuze ugonywe ubuncinane ngeveki ngaphambi kokuba uhambe. Nangona uphelelwe igonywa kwixesha elidlulileyo, i-booster ingafuneka.
Ukongeza, qhelisa ukutya okukhuselekileyo xa uhamba. Phuza kuphela ibhotile okanye amanzi abilisiwe, yidla kuphela ukutya okutshisayo, okuphekwe ngokupheleyo, kwaye udle kuphela izithelo eziqhambileyo kunye nemifuno ehlambulukileyo kwaye ihlanjululwe.
Indlela ebangela ngayo izifo
Nakuphi na ukusukela kwiveki enye ukuya kwinyanga enye emva kokuba iSalmonella typhi isongwe, ihlaselwa emathunjini, iphindaphinda, ize isasaze kwigazi. Iibhaktheriya zinokusasazeka kwipeni kunye nesibindi, apho ziphindaphinda khona, zingena kwakhona kwigazi, zibangela ukugula kwaye zisasaze kwi-gall gall and back to the intestine, apho kubonakala khona umonakalo omkhulu emathunjini.
Iimpawu zomshushu womkhuhlane we-typhoid zikholelwa ukuba zibangelwa yimpendulo ye-immune kwiimali ezinkulu ze-lipopolysaccharide (i-LPS), eyona nto inetyhefu ebustile. Amasosha omzimba akhipha iiprotheni ezibizwa ngokuba yi-cytokines ezisebenzayo impendulo enamandla yokuvukela ibhaktheriya. Emva kokuba iibhaktheriya zingene kwigazi, iimpendulo zomzimba zijikeleza kuzo zonke iisculi kunye nezitho zomzimba wonke kwaye zingabulala ngaphandle kwonyango lwe-antibiotic.
Iingxaki
Ukongeza kwengozi yokufa okanye ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane, ezinye iziphumo ezinokuthi ukusuleleka kwe- Salmonella typhi ziquka umonakalo wesibindi, i-toxemia (ubuthi be-bacteria egazini), i-myocarditis (ukuvuvukala kwe-myocardium entliziyweni), kwaye izilonda zamathumbu zingenzeka.
Imithombo:
Salmonella spp. USFDA Book Bug Bad. Isiko soKhuseleko lokutya kunye nesondlo.
Umkhuhlane weTywala. Amacandelo okuLawula nokuKhuselwa kwezifo.
Salyers, AA kunye ne-Whitt, iDD. I-bacterium Pathogenesis. Indlela yeModeli. American Society for Microbiology. Washington, DC 1994. iphe. 229-243.