Izifo ezibangelwa yiPasasitic yeNkqubo yeNervous Inobungozi
Yintoni omele uyayizi malunga nokusuleleka kwezifo zesistim se-central? Ziya kuthathwa njani kwaye ziyakwenza ntoni ukuze uzikhusele? Ziziphi iimpawu kunye nendlela abaphathwa ngayo?
Izifo kunye neePasasites
Asinakucelwa ukuxelela umntu ukuba sinokusuleleka kwintsholongwane okanye intsholongwane, njenge-strep umlomo okanye umkhuhlane. Uninzi lwethu, nangona kunjalo, lwaluza kunqikaza ngaphambi kokuvuma ukuba sinee-tapeworms.
Izifo ezithintekayo zinyamazi zivakalelwa ngakumbi-ngokuthe ngandlela-thile ukuphulwa kunezinye iintlobo zentsholongwane. Okumangalisayo kukuba, i-pesenti enkulu kakhulu yelizwe labantu banesifo esithile sentsholongwane, kwaye kuqikelelwa ukuba abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezigidi banesifo sengculaza kuphela.
Izifo ezithintekayo zePasititic yeNkqubo yeNervent Central
Ukutheleleka kwe-parasitic kungangena kuyo nayiphi na inxalenye yomzimba onokucinga. Labo abachaphazelayo inkqubo ye-nervous yeyona nto inokulimaza kwaye inokuphazamisa kakhulu. Akunakuphela nje ukuba le miba ingabhubhisa, kodwa ingakhokelela ekukhubazekeni konke. Ukuqaphela kwangaphambili kwaye unyango olukhawulezayo lubalulekile ukwenzela ukunciphisa kokubili ukufa kunye nesifo esiyingozi emva kwezi zifo.
Ezinye izifo ezithintekayo ezinokuthi zibandakanye inkqubo yentsholongwane engundoqo inokwenzeka nakubani na. Ngokwahlukileyo, izifo ezichaphazelekayo ezichaphazelekayo yilezo ziyakwenzeka xa umntu enesistim sokuzivikela ngenxa yonyango lomhlaza, i-HIV, okanye ezinye izimo zonyango ezingapheliyo.
Izidumbu ezinokuchaphazela ingqondo zibandakanya:
Toxoplasmosis
I-Toxoplasmosis yintsholongwane ye-parasite ebangelwa yi-protozoan Toxoplasma gondii . Ixhaphake ngokubanzi kwihlabathi kunye neepesenti ezili-15 zabantu base-US, kwaye malunga neepesenti ezingama-50 zabantu baseYurophu, benesifo esilungileyo sokuvavanywa kwesi sifo.
I-immune system igcina i-parasite iqwalasele ininzi lethu. Kodwa kwiimeko ze-immunodeficiency, ezifana ne- AIDS , i-parasite iyakwazi ukuqhuba i-brain in the brain, idale ama- abscesses avela kwi-MRI. I-Toxoplasmosis inokubangela intloko yesifo, ukutshatyalaliswa , ukulahlekelwa kweengxaki zeengxaki kunye nokuguquka kwimo yengqondo.
I-Toxoplasmosis yimeko echazwa ngu- AIDS ngokwe-CDC, ebhekisela kwizifo ezihambelana ngqo nokuxothwa kwe-immune system enxulumene nosulelo lwe-HIV.
I-Toxoplasmosis isoloko idibene nekiti yecatter, kodwa ityala elichasene ne-felines lingadlulelwa. Kwizigulane ezine-AIDS, akukho mmahluko emngciphekweni esekelwe kwi-kitty litter.
Unyango olukhethiweyo lwe-toxoplasmosis luquka i-pyrimethamine, leucovorin, kunye ne-sulfadiazine. Ukuba kukho nayiphi na inkxalabo yoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-intracranial , ke kufuneka i-steroids ifanele isetyenziswe. Njengesiqhelo, kulunge ukukhusela intsholongwane evela kuyo yonke into ngokuphepha ukukhutshwa komzimba kunye nokusebenzisa imithi yeprophylactic kulabo abanamasosha omzimba. Ngenxa yonyango lweprophylactic kunye neyeza-antiretroviral , isantya se-toxoplasmosis echaphazelekayo isifo sehlile ukususela ngo-1995.
Izindlela zokukhusela zingabandakanya ukuphepha i-kitty litter (okanye ugqoke iiglavu ubuncinane), udla inyama kuphela ephekwe ngokupheleleyo, uhlambulule izithelo kunye nemifuno, kwaye ugqoke iiglavu xa udibanisa (cinga: ibhokisi ye-litter yangaphandle.)
Neurocysticercosis
I-neurocysticercosis iyenzeka xa abantu besondeza amaqanda aseTaenia solium , i-tapeworm yengulube apho amaqanda atholakala kwimfesi yabantu. Ukufaka amaqanda kubangele izibungu ezinobuninzi ezikhulayo kwizihlunu ezininzi zabantu, ngokukodwa ingqondo kunye nesisu. Oku kukhokelela ekuthinjeni kunye nokunye.
Usulelo, ngokuchasene nenkolelo ephakamileyo, akubangelwa ngqo ngokutya inyama yengulube. Xa i-ngulube igxothwe, i-cysts inokubangela ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane emathunjini amancinci kunye nembungu nganye echitha amawaka amaqanda. Le maqanda angakhokelela kwi-neurocysticercosis. Xa umntu edla amaqanda e-tapeworm (echithwe ngumqhubi we-tapeworm), umbungu wesibindi ungadlulisa umlenze uze wenze indlela eya kwinkqubo yesantya ephakathi okanye intambo yomgogodla.
Iimpawu zingaphinde zibandakanye uxinzelelo olunzulu lwe-intracranial, i-headaches, kunye nokuthinjelwa.
Esi sifo siqhelekileyo kwiindawo apho ihagu ziphakanyiswa kwaye ukucoceka kuhlambulukileyo, kubandakanya ubuninzi beMzantsi Melika kunye ne-Indiya, kwaye kucatshangwa ukuba sele igaleleke ubuncinane abantu abayizigidi ezingama-50 emhlabeni jikelele. I-Cysticercosis yimbangela ebangela ukuxhamla emhlabeni wonke kwaye ingxaki yempilo e-United States (ngokuyininzi ngenxa yokufudukela kwiLatin America.)
Unyango u-albendazole kunye ne-praziquantel kunye ne-steroids ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala kwingqondo.
Ukuthintela kubandakanya ukuhlamba izandla, ukuphepha inyama, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba idla inyama yengulube ephekwe kakuhle.
I-Cerebral Malaria
Ngaphandle kokunyaniseka, i-malariya yenye yezona zinto zisongela ubomi kubomi kuyo yonke imbali yoluntu. Kule minyaka engaphezu kwewaka, isifo sele sibulala izigidi zabantu. Ukusebenza kwesi sivilo kunzima, kodwa phantse kubandakanyeka ukusasazwa ngumlumko osulelekile. Apha siza kuxoxa ngokufutshane ngenye ye-malaria iincwadana eziliqela ekubhubhisweni kwabantu: ukuhlasela ngokuthe ngqo kwezicubu zengqondo.
I-malaria ye-cerebral ingabangela utshintsho kwi-consciousness or seizures. Ngaphandle kokonyango, isifo sidla ngokuqhubela phambili ukuya ku-coma okanye ukufa. Ngonyango, ukufa kuphakathi kwama-15 ukuya kuma-20 ekhulwini. Abanye abasindileyo, ingakumbi abantwana, banokuphungulwa kwezinto eziyimpumpo ezifana nobuphofu, ukungaboniyo, ukuthintela, okanye iingxaki zokuqonda.
I-malaria ye-cerebral ixhaphake kakhulu apho i-malaria ibonakala khona, njengeAfrika. Ababhenkethi kwimimandla enjalo banokunceda ukukhusela isifo se-malaria kunye neyeza zeprolactic kunye namanye amanyathelo okuthintela. Abo bafumana unyango lwe-malaria bafuna unyango ngokukhawuleza kunye ne-cinchona alkaloids ezifana ne-quinidine, okanye i-armitunate i-artiumunate. Okukugqibela kuyisicatshulwa esikhethekileyo kwisifo esinentsholongwane.
I-Trypanosomiasis yaseAfrika
I-Trypanosomiasis, ebizwa nangokuthi igula ukugula, ibangelwa iiprozozo ze- parasites Trypansoma brucei gambiense okanye i- Trypansoma brucei rhodosiense . Njenge-malariya, i-parasite isasazwa yi-insect host host. I-trypanosomiasis yaseMelika idluliselwa ngumntu obulalayo . I-trypanosomiasis yaseAfrika isasazwa yi- fly zeet , eshiya intlungu ebuhlungu, emibini ukuya kweyintente e-centimeter esikhumbeni. Ukukhawuleza kunokulandela.
Emva kwexesha elithile, ngamanye amaxesha, i-parasite isasazeka ukusuka egazini ukuya kwingqondo, ekhokelela ekubeni i- meningoencephalitis kunye nokuvuvukala. Intloko, ubunzima bokucinga, utshintsho lomntu, kunye neziphazamiso zentshukumo ezifana nokuthuthumela okanye i- ataxia (ukungabikho koqhagamshelwano) kunokubangelwa. Isifo siyabulala ngaphandle kokonyango. Ukuxilonga lesi sifo, i-parasite kufuneka ibonwe phantsi kwe-microscope kwisampuli efana ne-cerebrospinal fluid. Utyando lubandakanya imithi efana ne-eflornithine okanye i-melarsoprol-enokuthi ibe nemiphumo emibi kakhulu-kodwa ibhetele ngakumbi kunokuvumela ukuba usulelo lube lingaphathiswa.
Schistosomiasis
I-Schistosomiasis , ebizwa ngokuba yi-bilharzia okanye i-bilharziasis, ibangelwa ukusuleleka kumancinci, iiforms ezibizwa ngokuthi i-flukes. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ezi zimbongolo ezincinci zenziwe ngamaqabunga zibangelwa iingxaki zamathumbu emathunjini, ezinobindi, ezintsobe okanye ezinesibindi. Ehlabathini lonke, malunga nabangama-30 abantu bathwala la ma-schistosomes, aqhelekileyo atholakala ngokuhlamba nokubhukuda emachibi amanzi apho ahlala khona. Njengama-parasites amaninzi, umjikelezo wobomi balo mzimba unzima kwaye uquka amanqanaba amaninzi. Abantu bafumana ukusuleleka ngokuthintana namanzi avela kumachibi amanzi ahlambulukileyo aneemvumba ezinama-schistosomal, ezithinta ulusu kwaye zifudukela kwimida yegazi. Ngesinye imilambo yegazi, banokuhamba ngomzimba. Iimbungu zisebenzisa ama-suckers ukunamathela eludongeni lwesitya segazi, apho bahlala khona kwiminyaka engama-30.
Uninzi lwabantu abanentsholongwane aluveki ziimpawu. Ngamanye amaxesha, nangona kunjalo, usuleleko olunzulu luyakubonwa ngelinye ilanga emva kokuchaphazela ngokugqithisa. Kwiiveki ezimbini ukuya kwezibhozo emva koko, umkhuhlane unokukhula. Kamva, njengoko i-schistosomes isasazeka kwizitho ezahlukileyo, iimpawu ezahlukahlukeneyo zinokuvela. Ngamanye amaxesha, iimbungu zisasazeka kumgca womgudu, kubangele ukubethelwa kwemithi . Oku kubangela intlungu, ubunzima bokungasebenzi, kunye nobuthathaka kwimimandla engezantsi kwinqanaba losulelo. Ukukhubazeka ngonaphakade kunokubangelwa. Kwezinye iimeko, i-scytosomiasis inokuphazamisa ingqondo, ekhokelela ekuthinjeni okanye ekunyanyeni ukunyanzeliswa kwengcinezelo.
Ngenxa yokuba le mibungu ikwazi ukuhlala emzimbeni iminyaka, ibe neengxaki ezinzulu nanini na, abantu abasulelekileyo kufuneka baphathwe kungakhathaliseki ukuba baneempawu ezinzulu. Praziquantel yonyango olukhethiweyo. Ukuba i-flukes iye yahlasela inkqubo ye-nervous, i-steroids kufuneka inikwe kwakhona ukwenzela ukunciphisa impendulo yokuvutha.
Abantu abayizigidi ezingama-240 banesifo sengculaza minyaka yonke.
Echinococcosis
I-acinococcus, ebizwa nangokuthi i-hydatidosis, yi-tapeworm, ekuqaleni kwendlela yokuphila, inokubangela i-cysts kwiimpawu zomntu eziphilayo ziquka ubuchopho kunye nentambo yomthambo. Ama-parasites anembopheleleko afaka i- Echinococcus granulosus ne- Echinococcus multilocularis . Abantu bafumana isifo ngokutya ukutya okungcolileyo. Esi sifo asiqabile e-United States kodwa siqheleke kakhulu e-Afrika, e-Central Asia, eMzantsi-Melika eMzantsi Melika, eMeditera nakuMbindi Mpuma.
Izigaba zokuqala zentsholongwane zihlala zizinzileyo, kwaye kungaba yiminyaka ngaphambi kokuba i-cysts ibangele nayiphi na ingxaki. Kwingqondo, i-cysts ingabangela ukugonywa okanye ukunyuswa kwengcinezelo engaphezulu. Kwintambo yomgogodla, i-cysts ingabangela ukunyanzeliswa kwentambo yomgudu kunye nokukhubazeka. Izifo zesistim se-central central are rare, kodwa-ngokuqhelekileyo ii-cysts zichaphazela ezinye izitho, ezifana nemiphunga okanye isibindi.
Ama-Cyst angatholakala kunye ne-CT scan, kodwa aqhelekileyo afumaneka xa uvavanyo lwezithombe luyenziwa ngesizathu esithile. Ama-Cyst angadinga ukususwa ngokukhawuleza, kaninzi ngeyonyango olongezelelweyo kunye neziyobisi ezifana ne-albendazole okanye i-praziquantel.
Trichinella
I-Trichenellosis yintsholongwane ebangelwa yimifuno (i-nematodes) kwaye ixhaphake kakhulu kwimfuyo yengulube (nangona ingafumaneka nakwezinye iintlobo zenyama.) Usulelo aluqhelekanga eUnited States ngenxa yokuphuculwa kokulungiselela ukutya. I-Larva ihlasela udonga lwesilwanyana esincinci kwaye ithuthuke ibe yimpompo yabantu abadala. Iifom zize ziqhubeke zikhulule amaqanda ezikhula zibe ngama-cyst in imisipha. Xa i-muscle isongelwa esinye isilwanyana, umjikelezo uyaqhubeka.
I-trichinellosis enamandla ingabangela i-meningoencephalitis. Intloko iyimpawu eziqhelekileyo. Ukuvuvukala, ukubetha , kunye nokuthintela kungenzeka. I-CT ingabonisa izilonda ezincinci kwi-brain. Unyango u-albendazole okanye i-mebendazole, ngamanye amaxesha idibene ne-prednisone kwiimeko ezinzima.
Paragonimiasis
I-Paragonimiasis yintsholongwane ye-parasitic ne-flatworm engangena emzimbeni ngokutya i-crab okanye i-crayfish. Akunqabile e-United States, nangona amaqela amaninzi axelelwe eMidwest. Ngokuqhelekileyo itholakala kumazwe aseMpuma Asia. I-parasite ayisoloko ichaphazela inkqubo ye-nervous central kodwa i-parasite ingafikelela ebuchosheni okanye ngegazi okanye nge-foramina kwisiseko segazi. Ifom ekhulile ye-parasite zombini ikhupha izinto ezivuthayo kunye neengxowa ngeetom, ezinokubangela iintloko, ukutshatyalaliswa, kunye nemivimbo (ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yokuhamba.)
IAngiostrongyliasis
I-Angiostrongyliasis yintsholongwane ye-parasitic eyabangelwa ngu- Angiostrongylus cantonensis, eyona eqhelekileyo kwi-Asia-mpuma yeAsia kodwa inokwenzeka nakwiiCaribbean. Inkontileka ekudleni izibambo ezinamanzi, i-slugs, i-crabs, okanye i-prawns. I-larva yale velisi ihambela ebuchosheni obangela intloko, isisongulu, kunye nentamo yentamo. Ngokuchasene neentlobo ezininzi zezi ntsholongwane ze-parasitic ye-system central nervous system, akukho nonyango oluthile olukhoyo kwaye usulelo luhlala lusombulula kwisithuba seveki ezine ukuya ezintandathu.
Ngaphantsi kweePasites ezichaphazela ubuchopho kunye nentambo yomgca
Njengoko ukungathandabuli njengama-infasititis infections, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ininzi yexesha, ezi zifo zingabonakali. Ipesenti ephakamileyo yabantu kwihlabathi lonke lihlala nembumbulu okanye enye i-parasite. Njengoko sisenokuba kunye nale mizimba, nangona kunjalo, ukuhlasela kweenkqubo zethu zesisondlo kukhulu kakhulu kukuthuthuzela kwaye kufuneka kuhlale kuthathwa ngokungathí sina.
Ucoceko olulungileyo ( ukuhlamba izandla ngokugqithiseleyo kunye nokugqoka iiglavu), ukuhlamba ngokucokisekileyo nokucoca kakuhle kwezithelo kunye nemifuno kunye nokupheka okufanelekileyo kwezilwanyana kunokuhamba ixesha elide ekunciphiseni umngcipheko wale miqathango.
Imithombo
- Carpio, A., Romo, M., Parkhouse, R., Mfutshane, B., kunye noT. Dua. Izifo zePasasitic zeNkqubo yeNtsholongwane eNkulu: Izifundo zabaCliniki kunye nabenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo. Ukuphononongwa kweNgcali kwi-Neurotherapeutics . 2016. 16 (4): 401-414.
- Finsterer, J., noH. Auer. Iipasasitoses ze-Human Central yeNervous System. Journal of Helminthology . 2013. 87 (3): 257-70.
- Fogang, Y., Savadogo, A., Camara, M. et al. Ukulawula i-Neurocysticercosis: Iingxaki kunye neSisombululo. I-International Journal ye-General Medicine . 2015. 8: 333-44.
- Hora, R., Kapoor, P., Indwangu, K., kunye noP. Mishra. I-Cerebral Malaria-Izibonakaliso zezonyango kunye nePathogenesis. Izifo zeBabin Brain . 2016. 31 (2): 225-37.
- Kasper, uDennis L .., u-Anthony S. Fauci, noStephen L .. Hauser. Iinqununu zeHarrison zeMithi yoPhakathi. ENew York: iMac Graw Hill Education, 2015. Print.